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GHRSST Level 2P Global Sea Surface Temperature v2.0 from the AVHRR on the MetOp-A satellite produced by NAVO

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P data set containing multi-channel Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrievals derived in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) level-1B data from the Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A) satellite. The SST data in this data set are used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The MetOp satellite program is a European multi-satellite program to provide weather data services for monitoring climate and improving weather forecasts. MetOp-A, MetOp-B and Metop-C were respectively launched on 19 Oct 2006, 17 September 2012 and 7 November 2018. The program was jointly established by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) with the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) contributing the AVHRR sensor. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micron) and near-infrared (0.9 micron) regions, the third one is located around 4 (3.6) micron, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micron, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micron. Typically, the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The swath of the AVHRR sensor is a relatively large 2400 km. All MetOp platforms are sun synchronous and generally view the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent). The ground native resolution of the AVHRR instruments is approximately 1.1 km at nadir and degrades off nadir. This particular data set is produced from legacy Global Area Coverage (GAC) data that are derived from a sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km spatial resolution at nadir. The v2.0 is the updated version from current v1.0 with extensive algorithm improvements and upgrades. The major improvements include: 1) Significant changes in contaminant/cloud detection; 2) Increased the spatial resolution from 9 km to 4 km; 3) Updated compliance with GDS2, ACDD 1.3, and CF 1.6; and 4) Removed the dependency on the High-resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) sensor (only available to MetOp-A/B), thus allowing for the consistent inter-calibration and the processing of MetOp-A/B/C data

Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Descending 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0

Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, descending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.

GHRSST Level 4 MW_OI Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature analysis version 5.0 from REMSS

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from microwave (MW) sensors including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, and WindSat operates on the Coriolis satellite. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST). This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Comparing with previous version 4.0 dataset, the version 5.0 has made the updates in several areas, including the diurnal warming model, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor, the sensor correlation model, and the quality mask.

MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V006

The MYD11C2 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MYD11C2 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11C2.061) data product.The MYD11C2 Version 6 product provides Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) values in a 0.05 degree (5,600 meters at the equator) latitude/longitude Climate Modeling Grid (CMG). A CMG granule follows a geographic grid with 7,200 columns and 3,600 rows, representing the entire globe. The LST&E values in the MYD11C2 product are derived by compositing and averaging the values from the corresponding eight [MYD11C1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11C1.006) daily files. The MYD11C2 granule consists of 17 layers. Each MYD11C2 product consists of the following layers for daytime and nighttime observations: LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear-sky observations along with percentage of land in the grid and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Removed cloud-contaminated LSTs from Level 2 and Level 3 LST products.* Updated the coefficient look-up table (LUT) for the split-window algorithm with comprehensive regression analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) simulation data in bands 31 and 32 over wide ranges of surface and atmospheric conditions, especially extending the upper boundary for (LST – Ts-air) in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased the overlap between various sub-ranges to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to uncertainties in the input data (i.e., column water vapor and air surface temperature from MYD07).* Made minor adjustments in the classification-based surface emissivity values, especially for bare soil and rocks land cover types.* Tuned the day/night algorithm by adjusting weights to improve performance in desert regions where the incorporated split-window algorithm may not work well.* Generated new gridded LST&E products with a 6 km spatial resolution for 8-day ([MYD11B2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B2.006)) and monthly ([MYD11B3](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B3.006)) intervals in response to user community requests.

Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image 28-Day Running Mean Data V5.0

Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, 7-Day, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the 28-Day running mean, ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set, which is the official end of mission public data release from the AQUARIUS/SAC-D mission.

MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly L3 Global 6km SIN Grid V006

The MYD11B3 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MYD11B3 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B3.061) data product.The MYD11B3 Version 6 product provides average monthly per pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) in a 1,200 by 1,200 kilometer (km) tile with a pixel size of 5,600 meters (m). Each LST&E pixel value in the MYD11B3 is a simple average of all the corresponding values from the [MYD11B1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B1.006) collected during the month period. Each MYD11B3 granule consists of 19 layers including daytime and nighttime layers for LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear sky observations along with percentage of land in the tile and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Unique to the MYD11B products are additional day and night LST layers generated from band 31 of the corresponding 1 km [MYD11_L2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11_L2.006) swath product aggregated to the 6 km grid. Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Removed cloud-contaminated LSTs from Level 2 and Level 3 LST products.* Updated the coefficient look-up table (LUT) for the split-window algorithm with comprehensive regression analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) simulation data in bands 31 and 32 over wide ranges of surface and atmospheric conditions, especially extending the upper boundary for (LST – Ts-air) in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased the overlap between various sub-ranges to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to uncertainties in the input data (i.e., column water vapor and air surface temperature from MYD07).* Made minor adjustments in the classification-based surface emissivity values, especially for bare soil and rocks land cover types.* Tuned the day/night algorithm by adjusting weights to improve performance in desert regions where the incorporated split-window algorithm may not work well.* Generated new gridded LST&E products with a 6 km spatial resolution for 8-day ([MYD11B2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B2.006)) and monthly (MYD11B3) intervals in response to user community requests.

VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 6-Min L2 Swath 750m V002

The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Version 2 swath product (VNP21) is produced daily in 6-minute temporal increments of satellite acquisition. The VNP21 product uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and emissivity simultaneously for VIIRS thermal infrared bands M14 (8.55 µm), M15 (10.76 µm), and M16 (12 µm) at a spatial resolution of 750 meters. The VNP21 product is developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6.1 product ([MOD21](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21.061)) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach based on the ASTER Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) technique. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 2 (L2) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). Provided in the VNP21 product are layers for LST, quality control, emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16, LST&E errors, view angle, ASTER Global Emissivity Dataset (GED), Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), ocean-land mask, latitude, and longitude. A low-resolution browse image for LST is also available for each VNP21 granule.Known Issues* Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of extreme high temperature outliers in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination [example documentation](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/QA_WWW/forPage/MOD21_dust_QC_examples.pdf).* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=VIIRS).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Improved calibration algorithm and coefficients for entire Suomi NPP mission.* Improved geolocation accuracy and applied updates to fix outliers around maneuver periods.* Corrected the aerosol quantity flag (low, average, high) mainly over brighter surfaces in the mid- to high-latitudes such as desert and tropical vegetation areas. This has an impact on the retrieval of other downstream data products such as VNP13 Vegetation Indices and VNP43 Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo.* Improved cloud mask input product for corrections along coastlines and artifacts from use of coarse resolution climatology data. * Replaced the land/water mask input product with the eight-class land/water mask from the VNP03 geolocation product that better aligns with MODIS.* Replaced MERRA2 inputs with GEOS5.* Included inland water body pi

BOREAS Level-2 MAS Surface Reflectance and Temperature Images in BSQ Format

The BOREAS Staff Science Aircraft Data Acquisition Program focused on providing the research teams with the remotely sensed aircraft data products they needed to compare and spatially extend point results. The MAS images, along with other remotely sensed data, were collected to provide spatially extensive information over the primary study areas. This information includes biophysical parameter maps such as surface reflectance and temperature. Collection of the MAS images occurred over the study areas during the 1994 field campaigns. The level-2 MAS data cover the dates of 21-Jul-1994, 24-Jul-1994, 04-Aug-1994 and 08-Aug-1994. The data are not geographically/geometrically corrected; however, files of relative X and Y coordinates for each image pixel were derived by using the C130 navigation data in a MAS scan model. The data are provided in binary image format files.

GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Scanning Microwave Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) on the NASA Aqua Satellite

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) was launched on 4 May 2002, aboard NASA's Aqua spacecraft. The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) provided AMSR-E to NASA as an indispensable part of Aqua's global hydrology mission. Over the oceans, AMSR-E is measuring a number of important geophysical parameters, including sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, atmospheric water vapor, cloud water, and rain rate. A key feature of AMSR-E is its capability to see through clouds, thereby providing an uninterrupted view of global SST and surface wind fields. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) is the provider of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR-E instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "_rt_" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature version7.0.1a from the WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer on the Coriolis satellite

The WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer, launched on January 6, 2003 aboard the Department of Defense Coriolis satellite, was designed to measure the ocean surface wind vector from space. It developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Remote Sensing Division and the Naval Center for Space Technology for the U.S. Navy and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO). In addition to wind speed and direction, the instrument can also measure sea surface temperature, soil moisture, ice and snow characteristics, water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate. Unlike previous radiometers, the WindSat sensor takes observations during both the forward and aft looking scans. This makes the WindSat geometry of the earth view swath quite different and significantly more complicated to work with than the other passive microwave sensors. The Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS) WindSat products are the only dataset available that uses both the fore and aft look directions. By using both directions, a wider swath and more complicated swath geometry is obtained. RSS providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of WindSat instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "rt" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v7.0.1a" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric mode NCEP FNL analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. The final "v7.0.1a" products will continue to accumulate new swaths (half orbits) until the maps are full, generally within 7 days. The version with letter "a" refers to the file incompliance with GHRSST format.

Aquarius Official Release Level 3 Ancillary Reynolds Sea Surface Temperature Standard Mapped Image Ascending Mission Cumulative Data V5.0

Aquarius Level 3 ancillary sea surface temperature (SST) standard mapped image data are the ancillary SST data used in the Aquarius calibration for salinity retrieval. They are simply the daily SSTs from the Reynolds National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) 0.25 degree dataset, gridded and averaged using the Aquarius processing L2-L3 processing scheme to the same 1 degree spatial resolution and daily, 7 day, monthly, seasonal, and annual time intervals as Aquarius L3 standard salinity and wind speed products. This particular data set is the mission series mean or cumulative, ascending ancillary sea surface temperature product associated with version 5.0 of the Aquarius data set.

GHRSST Level 3C North Atlantic Regional Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA-19 (GDS2 version)

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset for the North Atlantic Region (NAR) from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009). This particular dataset is produced by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) in France. The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive sea surface temperature (SST) sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. The NOAA-19 platform is sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The NAR products are SST fields derived from 1km AVHRR data that are re-mapped onto a 0.02 degree equal angle grid. In the processing chain, global AVHRR level 1b data are acquired at Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (CMS) through the EUMETSAT/EUMETCAST system. A cloud mask is applied and SST is retrieved from the AVHRR infrared (IR) channels by using a multispectral technique. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 6-Min L2 Swath 375m NRT

The Near Real Time (NRT) VIIRS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 6-Min L2 Swath 375m product with short-name VNP21IMG_NRT, is the same product but at 375m spatial resolution. The VNP21 algorithm is based on the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm. This algorithm uses full radiative transfer simulations for the atmospheric correction, and an emissivity model based on the variability in the surface radiance data to dynamically retrieve both LST and spectral emissivity at native pixel resolution. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) at: https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/PDF/VNP21_LSTE_ATBD_v2.1.pdfand user guide at:https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/PDF/VNP21_LSTE_user_guide.pdf

GHRSST Level 4 MUR 0.25deg Global Foundation Sea Surface Temperature Analysis (v4.2)

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced as a retrospective dataset at the JPL Physical Oceanography DAAC using wavelets as basis functions in an optimal interpolation approach on a global 0.25 degree grid. The version 4 Multiscale Ultrahigh Resolution (MUR) L4 analysis is based upon nighttime GHRSST L2P skin and subskin SST observations from several instruments including the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E), the JAXA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 on GCOM-W1, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platforms, the US Navy microwave WindSat radiometer, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on several NOAA satellites, and in situ SST observations from the NOAA iQuam project. The ice concentration data are from the archives at the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) High Latitude Processing Center and are also used for an improved SST parameterization for the high-latitudes. The dataset also contains an additional SST anomaly variable derived from a MUR climatology (average between 2003 and 2014). This dataset was originally funded by the NASA MEaSUREs program (http://earthdata.nasa.gov/our-community/community-data-system-programs/measures-projects ) and the NASA CEOS COVERAGE project and created by a team led by Dr. Toshio M. Chin from JPL. It adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

restrictednotspecifiedMay 2025View details →

VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 6-Min L2 Swath 750m

The Near Real Time (NRT) VIIRS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity 6-Min L2 Swath product uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and emissivity simultaneously for the three VIIRS thermal infrared bands M14 (8.55 micrometer), M15 (10.76 micrometer), and M16 (12 micrometer) at a spatial resolution of 750 m at nadir. The VNP21 algorithm is based on the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Temperature Emissivity Separation (TES) algorithm. This algorithm uses full radiative transfer simulations for theatmospheric correction, and an emissivity model based on the variability in the surface radiance data to dynamically retrieve both LST and spectral emissivity at native pixel resolution. Additional details regarding the methodology are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) at https://viirsland.gsfc.nasa.gov/PDF/VNP21_LSTE_ATBD_v2.1.pdf.

MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V006

The MYD11C3 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MYD11C3 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11C3.061) data product.The MYD11C3 Version 6 product provides monthly Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) values in a 0.05 degree (5,600 meters at the equator) latitude/longitude Climate Modeling Grid (CMG). A CMG granule is a geographic grid with 7,200 columns and 3,600 rows representing the entire globe. The LST&E values in the MYD11C3 product are derived by compositing and averaging the values from the corresponding month of [MYD11C1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11C1.006) daily files. Each MYD11C3 product consists of the following layers for daytime and nighttime observations: LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear-sky observations along with percentage of land in the grid and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Removed cloud-contaminated LSTs from Level 2 and Level 3 LST products.* Updated the coefficient look-up table (LUT) for the split-window algorithm with comprehensive regression analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) simulation data in bands 31 and 32 over wide ranges of surface and atmospheric conditions, especially extending the upper boundary for (LST – Ts-air) in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased the overlap between various sub-ranges to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to uncertainties in the input data (i.e., column water vapor and air surface temperature from MYD07).* Made minor adjustments in the classification-based surface emissivity values, especially for bare soil and rocks land cover types.* Tuned the day/night algorithm by adjusting weights to improve performance in desert regions where the incorporated split-window algorithm may not work well.* Generated new gridded LST&E products with a 6 km spatial resolution for 8-day ([MYD11B2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B2.006)) and monthly ([MYD11B3](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B3.006)) intervals in response to user community requests.

VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid Night V001

The VNP21A1N VIIRS Version 1 data product was decommissioned on April 8th, 2025. Users are encouraged to use Version 2 data products, which provide [better calibration and consistency](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf) for the end user. VIIRS Version 2 data products are available from both the SNPP ([VNP21A1N](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A1N.002)) and NOAA-20 ([VJ121A1N]( https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ121A1N.002)) satellites.The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) Night Version 1 product (VNP21A1N) is compiled daily from nighttime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate products. The L2G process maps the daily [VNP21](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21.001) swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations overlapping a gridded cell for a given night. The VNP21A1 algorithm sorts through all these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all cloud-free observations that have good LST accuracies. The nighttime average is weighted by the observation coverage for that cell. Only observations having observation coverage more than a certain threshold (15%) are considered for this averaging. The 1 kilometer dataset is derived through resampling the native 750 meter VIIRS resolution in the input product.The VNP21A1N product is developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6 product (MOD21A1N) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VIIRS LST&E products are available 2 months after acquisition due to latency of data inputs.The VNP21A1N product contains seven Science Datasets (SDS): LST, quality control, emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16, view zenith angle, and time of observation. A low-resolution browse image for LST is also available for each VNP21A1N granule.Known Issues* Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of [extreme high temperature outliers](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=707) in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination [example documentation](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/QA_WWW/forPage/MOD21_dust_QC_examples.pdf).* VNP21 v001 products utilize the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) as an input. This may result in product latency of a month or more. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modap

ISLSCP II Sea Surface Temperature

Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important indicator of the state of the earth climate system as well as a key variable in the coupling between the atmosphere and the ocean. Accurate knowledge of SST is essential for climate monitoring, prediction and research. It is also a key surface boundary condition for numerical weather prediction and for other atmospheric simulations using atmospheric general circulation models and regional models. SST also is important in gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, including the air-sea flux of carbon. Gridded SST products have been developed to satisfy these needs. There are 3 .zip files provided with this data set.Gridded monthly and weekly sea surface temperature (SST) and long term SST monthly climatology for the period 1971-2000 are provided here. Weekly normalized error variance fields are also provided with the weekly data. The data are derived using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Optimum Interpolation (OI) global sea surface temperature analyses that use seven days of in situ (ship and buoy) and satellite SST observations and SST values derived from sea ice concentration. These analyses are produced weekly using optimum interpolation (OI) on a 1-degree grid. The data sets included in the ISLSCP II data collection are produced using version 2 of the OI analyses, called OIv2. In this data set, the ISLSCP II staff have masked land areas based on the ISLSCP II land/water mask. A file describing the differences between the ISLSCP II mask and the original mask used is provided.

GHRSST Level 3U Global Subskin Sea Surface Temperature from TMI onboard TRMM satellite

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is a well calibrated passive microwave radiometer, similar to the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), that contains lower frequency channels required for sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals. The TRMM is part of the NASA's mission to planet Earth, and is a joint venture between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) to measure precipitation, water vapor, sea surface temperature (SST) and surface wind in the global tropical regions and was launched in 27 November 1997 from the Tanegashima Space Center in Tanegashima, Japan. The TRMM satellite travels west to east in a 402 km altitude semi-equatorial processing orbit that results in day-to-day changes in the observation time of any given earth location between 38S and 38N. Remote Sensing Systems (REMSS) has produced a Version-7.1a TMI SST dataset for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) by applying an algorithm to the 10.7 GHz channel through a removal of surface roughness effects. In contrast to infrared SST observations, microwave retrievals can be measured through clouds, which are nearly transparent at 10.7 GHz. Microwave retrievals are also insensitive to water vapor and aerosols. The algorithm for retrieving SSTs from radiometer data is described in "AMSR Ocean Algorithm."

MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V006

The MYD21A2 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MYD21A2 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD21A2.061) data product.A new suite of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) products are available in Collection 6. The MYD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) algorithm differs from the algorithm of the [MYD11](https://doi.org/10.5067/modis/myd11_l2.006) LST products, in that the MYD21 algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MYD11 uses the split-window technique. The MYD21 TES algorithm uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from the MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The MYD21A2 dataset is an 8-day composite LST product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free [MYD21A1D](http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD21A1D.006) and [MYD21A1N](http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD21A1N.006) daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the MOD21A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the MYD21A2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The LST, Quality Control (QC), view zenith angle, and viewing time have separate day and night SDS layers, while the values for the MODIS emissivity bands 29, 31, and 32 are the average of both the nighttime and daytime acquisitions. MYD21A2 products are available two months after acquisition due to latency of data inputs. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Known Issues* Users of MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of [extreme high temperature outliers](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=117) in the unfiltered MxD21 Version 6 and 6.1 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact both the MxD21 and MxD11 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the MxD21 product will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * In order to mitigate the impact of dust in the MxD21 V6 and 6.1 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination [example documentation](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/MOD21_dust_QC_examples.pdf).* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* New product for MODIS Version 6.