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FIGURE 1 in A new superfamily and family of Hadziida (Amphipoda: Senticaudata), with a description of a new genus and new species from the Brazilian continental shelf

FIGURE 1. Magnovis elizabethae sp. nov.; Holotype, male 12 mm, Campos Basin (40°20'16''W, 20°19'8''S), MBT 180, Campos Basin, Brazil, UFBA 3123. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 12 in A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

FIGURE 12. Lysmata moorei (Rathbun, 1901): non-ov. specimen from São Tomé Island, São Tomé & Príncipe (pocl 4.7 mm; OUMNH.ZC.2012-07-0022), in dorsal (A) and lateral (B, C) views; ov. specimen from the same locality (pocl 5.6 mm; OUMNH.ZC.2012-07-0021), in dorsal (D, E) and lateral (F) views. Photographs by A. Anker.

FIGURE 10 in A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

FIGURE 10. Lysmata jundalini Rhyne, Calado & Santos, 2012: non-ov. specimen from Bocas del Toro (between Isla Bastimentos and Isla Solarte), Panama (pocl 3.3 mm; FLMNH UF 51814), in dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views. Scale bars: 3 mm. Photographs: P. Pachelle.

FIGURE 4 in A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

FIGURE 4. Lysmata bahia Rhyne & Lin, 2006, non-ov. specimen from Sergipe (pocl 12.0 mm; MZUSP 37511): (A) frontal margin and cephalic appendages, lateral view; (B) infraorbital region, lateral view; (C) same, dorsolateral view; (D) left third maxilliped, antepenultimate and penultimate articles, ventromesial view; (E) left antennule, third article of antennular peduncle and flagella, mesial view; (F) same, bifurcation between upper flagellum and accessory ramus, mesial view; (G) right first pereopod, merus to propodus, lateral view.

FIGURE 3 in A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

FIGURE 3. Lysmata bahia Rhyne & Lin, 2006: non-ov. specimen from Bahia (pocl 11.6 mm; MZUSP 36972) in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs: P. Pachelle.

FIGURE 9 in A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

FIGURE 9. Lysmata jundalini Rhyne, Calado & Santos, 2012, (A, B) non-ov. specimen from, Bocas del Toro (Isla Bastimentos), Panama (pocl 3.5 mm; MZUSP 38019), (C, D) non-ov. specimen from Bocas del Toro (Isla Colón), Panama (pocl 3.7 mm; MZUSP 33775): (A, C) left antennule, third article of antennular peduncle and flagella, mesial view; (B, D) right first pereopod, merus to propodus, lateral view.

FIGURE 14 in A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

FIGURE 14. Lysmata uncicornis Holthuis & Maurin, 1952(?): non-ov. specimen from Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, in dorsal view. Voucher specimen not found. Photograph: L. Carvalho.

FIGURE 1 in A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification

FIGURE 1. Lysmata ankeri Rhyne & Lin, 2006: ov. specimen from Bahia (pocl 9.8 mm; MZUSP 36971) in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs: P. Pachelle.

FIGURES 1–6. Protogamasellus pantanal n in A key to the species of Protogamasellus (Acari: Ascidae), with a new species from the Brazilian Pantanal

FIGURES 1–6. Protogamasellus pantanal n.sp. Female. 1. Chelicera; 2. Epistome; 3. Hypostome; 4. Tritosternum; 5. Dorsal view of idiosoma; 6. Ventral view of idiosoma.

FIGURE 9 in Endemism within endemism: a new species of Austroleptis Hardy, 1920 (Diptera Austroleptidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlands

FIGURE 9. Wing of Austroleptis camposgerais sp. nov., female, holotype. Scale bar, 1 mm. Abbreviations: A1, first branch of anal vein; al, alula; an lb, anal lobe; bm, basal medial cell; br, basal radial cell; c, costal cell; C, costal vein; Cu, cubital vein or cubitus; CuA, anterior branch of cubital vein; cua, anterior cubital cell; CuA+CuP, anterior branch of cubital vein + posterior branch of cubital vein; CuP, posterior branch of cubital vein; cup, posterior cubital cell; d, discal cell; h, humeral crossvein; M, medial vein or media; M1, first branch of media; m1, first medial cell; M1+2, fused first and second branch of media; M2, second branch of media; m2+3, fused second and third cell of media; M3, third branch of media; M3+4, fused third and fourth branch of media; M4, fourth branch of media; m4, fourth medial cell; m–cu, medial–cubital crossvein; m–m, medial crossvein; R1, anterior branch of radius; r1, first radial cell; R2+3, second branch of radius; r2+3, second + third radial cell; r4, fourth radial cell; R4, upper branch of third branch of radius; r5, fifth radial cell; R5, lower branch of third branch of radius; r–m, radial–medial crossvein; Rs, radial sector; sc, subcostal cell; Sc, subcostal vein; u calyp, upper calypter.

FIGURES 1–2 in Endemism within endemism: a new species of Austroleptis Hardy, 1920 (Diptera Austroleptidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlands

FIGURES 1–2. Habitus of Austroleptis camposgerais sp. nov., female, holotype. 1. Dorsal view. 2. Lateral view. Scale bar, 1 mm.

FIGURE 19 in Endemism within endemism: a new species of Austroleptis Hardy, 1920 (Diptera Austroleptidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlands

FIGURE 19. Geographic distribution of the Brazilian species of Austroleptis. A. Map of main Brazilian biomes. B. Position of the Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais in the Atlantic Forest and the distribution of the three known species of Austroleptis. C. Delimitation of the Parque Nacional dos Campos Gerais—yellow square indicates where in the park was set the Malaise trap that collected the specimen of Austroleptis camposgerais sp. nov. D. Primary Malaise trap set up near the limit of the park, where it that yielded the specimen. Squares represent holotypes and circles paratypes.

FIGURES 3–8 in Endemism within endemism: a new species of Austroleptis Hardy, 1920 (Diptera Austroleptidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlands

FIGURES 3–8. Head and thorax of Austroleptis camposgerais sp. nov., female, holotype. 3. Head, dorsal view. 4. Head, lateral view. 5. Head, frontolateral view. 6. Antenna, lateral view (scale bar, 0.1 mm). 6. Thorax, dorsal view. 7. Thorax, lateral view. Scale bar, 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: clyp, clypeus; fc, face; flg, flagellum; flgm, flagellomere; fr, frons; gn, gena; lbl, labellum; oc tub, ocellar tubercle; ped, pedicel; plp, palpus; pocl reg, postocular region; scp, scape; vrt, vertex.

FIGURES 16–18 in Endemism within endemism: a new species of Austroleptis Hardy, 1920 (Diptera Austroleptidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest highlands

FIGURES 16–18. Terminalia and reproductive tracts of Austroleptis camposgerais sp. nov., female, holotype. 16. Terminalia, dorsal view. 17. Terminalia, ventral view. 18. Genital fork, spermathecal ducts, and spermathecae. Scale bar, 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; gen fk, genital fork; pp, posterolateral process; spmth dt, spermathecal duct; spmth, spermatheca; st, sternite; tg, tergite.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Acrotaphus Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from the Brazilian Amazon, with notes on its host spider behavioral modification

FIGURE 2. (A) The cocoon web of Wagneriana sp. (bottom view), details of the spider being consumed at the hub, (B) hub of the cocoon web, and (C) pupa of Acrotaphus wagnerianae sp. n. hanging in the cocoon web. Scales bar: 1 cm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Acrotaphus Townes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from the Brazilian Amazon, with notes on its host spider behavioral modification

FIGURE 1. Acrotaphus wagnerianae sp. n.: (A) habitus ♀ (holotype), scale bar: 2 mm; (B) face, frontal view ♀ (holotype), scale bar: 0.5 mm; (C) head, dorsal view ♀ (holotype), scale bar: 0.2 mm; (D) tarsal claw ♀ (holotype), scale bar: 0.2 mm; (E) habitus ♂ (paratype), scale bar: 2 mm; (F) head, dorsal view ♂ (paratype), scale bar: 0.5 mm; (G) cocoon ♂ (paratype), scale bar: 2 mm; (H) sternite IX ♂ (paratype), scale bar: 0.2 mm; (I) genital capsule, lateral view ♂ (paratype), scale bar: 0.2 mm; (J) genital capsule, ventral view ♂ (paratype), scale bar: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 107 in New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?

FIGURE 107. Schematic distribution map of Endecous (Pedroecous) didymus n. sp. and Endecous (Pedroecous) troglobius n. sp. in the Lapa Sem Fim cave.

FIGURES 102–106. Lapa Sem Fim cave, study area. 102 in New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?

FIGURES 102–106. Lapa Sem Fim cave, study area. 102–main entrance of the cave; 103–conduit trespassed by the intermittent drainage; 104–higly ornamented chambre, with many speleothems; 105–guano pile on a conduit; 106–chamber from the upper level of the cave.

FIGURES 96–101 in New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?

FIGURES 96–101. Endecous (Pedroecous) new species found in the Lapa Sem Fim cave. 96, 98 and 100–Endecous (Pedroecous) didymus n. sp. 96–adult ♂; 98–adult ♂ and ♀ interacting (probably some sexual behavior); 100–female nymph of Endecous (Pedroecous) didymus and Endecous (Pedroecous) troglobius n. sp. in the overlap zone. 97, 99 and 101—Endecous (Pedroecous) troglobius n. sp. 97 and 99–adult ♂ and ♀, respectively; 101–nymph feeding on frugivorous bat guano.

FIGURES 89–95 in New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?

FIGURES 89–95. Box plot of the distribution of averages referring to the seven courtship sound parameters compared between E. (P.) didymus n. sp. (n = 4) and E. (P.) troglobius n. sp. (n = 4). Mann-Whitney test values are displayed in the corner of the image. (*) "p" less than p <0.05.