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TROPICS05 L2A Unified Resolution Brightness Temperatures V0.2

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload. Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles. This dataset is from the TROPICS05 satellite, as the Provisional version of the Level 2A geolocated brightness temperature with the water vapor sounding channels (Ch. 9 to 12) converted from their native G-band resolution to the temperature sounding channel (F-band) native resolution (i.e., all measurements at the same unified larger resolution). This product is used in the Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile (AVTP) retrievals to gain the benefit of averaging the G-band channels (i.e., noise reduction) while maintain the F-band (AVTP) spatial resolution. The conversion uses the Backus-Gilbert technique. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

SMEX03 AMSR-E Daily Gridded Soil Moisture and Brightness Temperatures, Alabama, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.This data set contains Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Level-3 daily measurements of surface soil moisture and temperatures.

TROPICS07 L1B Orbital Geolocated Native-Resolution Brightness Temperatures V0.2

TROPICS06 L2A Unified Resolution Brightness Temperatures V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload. Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles. This dataset is from the TROPICS06 satellite, as the Validated Stage-1 version of the Level 2A geolocated brightness temperature with the water vapor sounding channels (Ch. 9 to 12) converted from their native G-band resolution to the temperature sounding channel (F-band) native resolution (i.e., all measurements at the same unified larger resolution). This product is used in the Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile (AVTP) retrievals to gain the benefit of averaging the G-band channels (i.e., noise reduction) while maintain the F-band (AVTP) spatial resolution. The conversion uses the Backus-Gilbert technique. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

AIRS/Aqua L1B Near Real Time (NRT) AMSU (A1/A2) geolocated and calibrated brightness temperatures V005 (AIRABRAD_NRT) at GES DISC

The AMSU-A Level 1B Near Real Time (NRT) product (AIRABRAD_NRT_005) differs from the routine product (AIRABRAD_005) in 2 ways to meet the three hour latency requirements of the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE): (1) The NRT granules are produced without previous or subsequent granules if those granules are not available within 5 minutes, (2) the predictive ephemeris/attitude data are used rather than the definitive ephemeris/attitude. The consequences of these differences are described in the AIRS Near Real Time (NRT) data products document. The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is a grating spectrometer (R = 1200) aboard the second Earth Observing System (EOS) polar-orbiting platform, EOS Aqua. In combination with the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) and the Humidity Sounder for Brazil (HSB), AIRS constitutes an innovative atmospheric sounding group of visible, infrared, and microwave sensors. The AMSU-A instrument is co-aligned with AIRS so that successive blocks of 3 x 3 AIRS footprints are contained within one AMSU-A footprint. AMSU-A is primarily a temperature sounder that provides atmospheric information in the presence of clouds, which can be used to correct the AIRS infrared measurements for the effects of clouds. This is possible because non-precipitating clouds are for the most part transparent to microwave radiation, in contrast to visible and infrared radiation which are strongly scattered and absorbed by clouds. AMSU-A1 has 13 channels from 50 - 90 GHz and AMSU-A2 has 2 channels from 23 - 32 GHz. The AIRABRAD_NRT_005 products are stored in files (often referred to as "granules") that contain 6 minutes of data, 30 footprints across track by 45 lines along track.

TROPICS07 L2A Unified Resolution Brightness Temperatures V0.2

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of five identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload. Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles. This dataset is from the TROPICS07 satellite, as the Provisional version of the Level 2A geolocated brightness temperature with the water vapor sounding channels (Ch. 9 to 12) converted from their native G-band resolution to the temperature sounding channel (F-band) native resolution (i.e., all measurements at the same unified larger resolution). This product is used in the Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile (AVTP) retrievals to gain the benefit of averaging the G-band channels (i.e., noise reduction) while maintain the F-band (AVTP) spatial resolution. The conversion uses the Backus-Gilbert technique. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

SMEX03 AMSR-E Daily Gridded Soil Moisture and Brightness Temperatures, Brazil, Version 1

SMEX04 Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) Brightness Temperatures, Arizona, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperature and soil moisture data measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument.

TROPICS01 Pathfinder L1B Orbital Geolocated Native-Resolution Brightness Temperatures V1.0

The "Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats" (TROPICS) mission has a goal of providing nearly all-weather observations of three-dimensional temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal resolution to conduct high-value science investigations of tropical cyclones. The mission comprises a constellation of six identical Space Vehicles (SVs) conforming to the 3U form factor and hosting a passive microwave spectrometer payload. This dataset is produced from the Pathfinder satellite, a single 3U small satellite, which has launched previous to the constellation, on a sun-synchronous orbital plane. Each SV hosts an identical high-performance spectrometer named the TROPICS Millimeter-wave Sounder (TMS) that will provide temperature profiles using seven channels near the 118.75-GHz oxygen absorption line, water vapor profiles using three channels near the 183-GHz water vapor absorption line, imagery in a single channel near 90 GHz for precipitation measurements (when combined with higher resolution water vapor channels), and a single channel near 205 GHz that is more sensitive to cloud-sized ice particles. Each TROPICS netCDF file contains a granule of data with 81 spots and approximately 2880 scans, where a granule is defined as an orbit's worth of data.

SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Operational Data Product, Version 2.0

The SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Operational Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) Version 1.0 dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides atmospheric water vapor and liquid water content from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR), a Jason-class radiometer that measures sea surface brightness temperatures at three microwave frequencies (18.7, 23.8 and 34 GHz). Brightness temperatures are processed to estimate the wet troposphere content, atmospheric attenuation to backscatter, cloud liquid water, water vapor content, and wind speed coincident with each range measurement from the nadir altimeter and applied to correct for altimeter range delays caused by atmospheric effects. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022 and aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally. The operational radiometer dataset consists of discrete measurements along two tracks located approximately 30-km to the left and right of the satellite nadir. They were processed using the onboard DORIS orbit ephemeris and preliminary calibrations. They are distributed as one file per data downlink in netCDF-4 file format with a nominal latency of < 7 hours.

SMEX03 Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) Brightness Temperatures, Oklahoma, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperatures measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma USA as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2003 (SMEX03).

Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures, Version 1

The Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures data set contains global brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b) from 25 October 1978 to 20 August 1987. The instrument obtained near-global coverage at five frequencies (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz) in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, at a constant incidence angle of 50.3 degrees, every six days. Data are stored as daily orbit files in compressed Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available on FTP.The Nimbus-7 SMMR Level 1B Pathfinder data set was created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from a level 1A 'TAT' data set provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC). The SMMR operated continuously from 25 Oct 1978 through 16 November 1987, at which time it began alernate-day operation. The processed level 1B SMMR data are stored as orbit files in HDF format. Each level 1B orbit file covers a time period of approximately 104.16 minutes. The file size for an uncompressed orbit file is approximately 4.3 megabytes. The total volume of the level 1B data set is approximately 70 gigabytes (compressed).

THIR/Nimbus-4 Images of Daytime and Nighttime Brightness Temperature at 6.7 microns on 70 mm Film V001 (THIRN4IMCH67) at GES DISC

THIRN4IMCH67 is the Nimbus-4 Temperature-Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) data product consisting of daily montages of brightness temperatures measured at 6.7 microns on 70 mm photofacsimile film strips. Daytime and nighttime orbital swaths are displayed in strips, each corresponding to a distance approximately from pole to pole and a width from horizon to horizon. The ground resolution of 22.6 km at nadir decreases as the horizontal distance from the subsatellite track increases. Each film strip is gridded with geographic coordinates and is identified by orbit number, time, and an indication of whether it is daytime (D) or nighttime (N). The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 1 week of images are archived into a TAR file. Additional information can be found in section 3.4.1 of "The Nimbus IV User's Guide". The THIR instrument was designed to detect emitted thermal radiation in both the 10.5- to 12.5-micrometer region (IR window) and the 6.5- to 7.0-micrometer region (water vapor). The window channel measured cloudtop temperatures day and night. The other channel operated primarily at night to map the water vapor distribution in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The THIR experiment made measurements from April 18, 1970 until April 8, 1971. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00194 (old ID 70-025A-02B).

First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE) AMPR Brightness Temperature Data

This data consists of data provided by the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) flown onboard the ER2 aircraft during the FIRE ACE field campaign.The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data.

SMEX04 Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) Brightness Temperatures, Sonora, Version 1

Notice to Data Users: The documentation for this data set was provided solely by the Principal Investigator(s) and was not further developed, thoroughly reviewed, or edited by NSIDC. Thus, support for this data set may be limited.This data set includes dual-polarized L-band brightness temperature and soil moisture data measured by the Two-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Radiometer (2D-STAR) instrument. An aircraft carrying the instrument was flown over Arizona, USA and Sonora, Mexico on various dates as part of the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). T

TCSP AMPR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB) V2

The TCSP AMPR Brightness Temperature (TB) dataset consists of brightness temperature measurements from July 5, 2005 to July 27, 2005. The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) remotely senses passive microwave signatures of geophysical parameters from an airborne platform. The instrument is a low noise system which can provide multi-frequency microwave imagery with high spatial and temporal resolution. AMPR data are collected at a combination of frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz) unique to current NASA aircraft instrumentation. These frequencies are well suited to the study of rain cloud systems, but are also useful to studies of various ocean and land surface processes. AMPR data were collected at four microwave frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1 and 85.5 GHz).

SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Interim Data Product, Version 2.0

The SWOT Level 2 Radiometer Brightness Temperatures and Troposphere Interim Geophysical Data Record (IGDR) Version 1.0 dataset produced by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides atmospheric water vapor and liquid water content from the Advanced Microwave Radiometer (AMR), a Jason-class radiometer that measures sea surface brightness temperatures at three microwave frequencies (18.7, 23.8 and 34 GHz). Brightness temperatures are processed to estimate the wet troposphere content, atmospheric attenuation to backscatter, cloud liquid water, water vapor content, and wind speed coincident with each range measurement from the nadir altimeter and applied to correct for altimeter range delays caused by atmospheric effects. SWOT is a joint mission between NASA and CNES that launched on December 16, 2022. It aims to measure ocean surface topography with unprecedented resolution and accuracy, as well as map inland water bodies globally. The interim radiometer dataset consists of discrete measurements along two tracks located approximately 30-km to the left and right of the satellite nadir. The data were processed using the Medium-accuracy (preliminary) Orbit Ephemeris (MOE) with preliminary calibrations applied. They are distributed as one file per half-orbit in netCDF4 file format with a nominal latency of < 1.5 days.

TC4 AMPR BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB) V1

The TC4 AMPR Brightness Temperature (TB) dataset consists of brightness temperature data from July 19, 2007 through August 8, 2007. The Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) mission field experiment was completed during July and August 2007 was based out of San Jose, Costa Rica. The Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) instrument played a key role in the experiment. The AMPR remotely senses passive microwave signatures of geophysical parameters from an airborne platform. The instrument is a low noise system which can provide multi-frequency microwave imagery with high spatial and temporal resolution. AMPR data were collected at a combination of frequencies (10.7, 19.35, 37.1, and 85.5 GHz) unique to current NASA aircraft instrumentation. These frequencies are well suited to the study of rain cloud systems, but are also useful to studies of various ocean and land surface processes.

SMEX03 AMSR-E Daily Gridded Soil Moisture and Brightness Temperatures, Georgia, Version 1

HRIR/Nimbus-2 Images of Nighttime Brightness Temperature on 70 mm Film V001 (HRIRN2IM) at GES DISC

HRIRN2IM is the Nimbus-2 High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer (HRIR) data product containing scanned negatives of photofacsimile 70mm film strips. The images contain orbital nighttime (3.5 to 4.1 microns) brightness temperature values showing cloud cover and the Earth's surface temperature. Each orbital swath picture is gridded with geographic coordinates and covers a distance approximately from the north pole to the south pole. The images are saved as JPEG 2000 digital files. About 7 days of images are archived into a TAR file. The processing techniques used to produce the data set and a full description of the data are contained in section 3.4.1 of the "Nimbus II Users' Guide. "The HRIR instrument was designed to perform two major functions: first to map the Earth's cloud cover at night to complement the television coverage during the daytime portion of the orbit, and second to measure the temperature of cloud tops and terrain features. This HRIR instrument was launched on the Nimbus-2 satellite and was operational from May 15, 1966 through November 15, 1966. This product was previously available from the NSSDC with the identifier ESAD-00226 (old ID 66-040A-03B).