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10,929 results for “Communities”
Automated design of synthetic microbial communities
<p>In naturally occurring microbial systems, species rarely exist in isolation. There is strong ecological evidence for a positive relationship between species diversity and the functional output of communities. The pervasiveness of these communities in nature highlights that there may be advantages for engineered strains to exist in cocultures as well. Building synthetic microbial communities allows us to create distributed systems that mitigates issues often found in engineering a monoculture, especially when functional complexity is increasing. Here, we demonstrate a methodology for designing robust synthetic communities that use quorum sensing to control amensal bacteriocin interactions in a chemostat environment. We explore model spaces for two and three strain systems, using Bayesian methods to perform model selection, and identify the most robust candidates for producing stable steady state communities. Our findings highlight important interaction motifs that provide stability, and identify requirements for selecting genetic parts and tuning the community composition.</p>
Data from: Fungal communities are important determinants of bacterial community composition in deadwood
<p>Fungal-bacterial interactions play a key role in the functioning of many ecosystems. Thus, understanding their interactive dynamics is of central importance for gaining predictive knowledge on ecosystem functioning. However, it is challenging to disentangle the mechanisms behind species associations from observed co-occurrence patterns and little is known about the directionality of such interactions. Here we apply joint species distribution modelling to high-throughput sequencing data on co-occurring fungal and bacterial communities in deadwood to ask whether fungal and bacterial co-occurrences result from shared habitat use (i.e. dead wood's properties), or whether there are fungal-bacterial interactive associations after habitat characteristics are taken into account. Moreover, we test the hypothesis that the interactions are mainly modulated through fungal communities influencing bacterial communities. For that, we quantified how much the predictive power of the joint species distribution models for bacterial and fungal community improved when accounting for the other community. Our results show that fungi and bacteria form tight association networks (i.e. some species pairs co-occur more frequently and other species pairs co-occur less frequently than expected by chance) in deadwood that include common (or opposite) responses to the environment, as well as (potentially) biotic interactions. Additionally, we show that information about the fungal occurrences and abundances increased the power to predict the bacterial abundances substantially, whereas information about the bacterial occurrences and abundances increased the power to predict the fungal abundances much less. Our results suggest that fungal communities may mainly affect bacteria in deadwood.</p> <p><b>Importance</b></p> <p>Understanding the interactive dynamics between fungal and bacterial communities is important to gain predictive knowledge on ecosystem functioning. However little is known about the mechanisms behind fungal-bacterial associations and the directionality of species interactions. Applying joint species distribution modelling to high throughput sequencing data on co-occurring fungal-bacterial communities in deadwood, we found evidence that non-random fungal-bacterial associations derive from shared habitat use, as well as (potentially) biotic interactions. Importantly,<i> </i>the combination of cross-validations and conditional cross-validations helped us to answer the question about the directionality of the biotic interactions, providing evidence that suggests that fungal communities may mainly affect bacteria in deadwood. Our modelling approach may help gaining insight into the directionality of interactions between different components of the microbiome in other environments.</p>
Data for: Microclimate structures communities, predation and herbivory in the High Arctic
<p> </p> <p>In a warming world, changes in climate may result in species-level responses as well as changes in community structure through knock-on effects on ecological interactions such as predation and herbivory. Yet, the links between these responses at different levels are still inadequately understood. Assessing how microclimatic conditions affect each of them at local scales provides information essential for understanding the consequences of macroclimatic changes projected in the future. </p> <p>Focusing on the rapidly changing High Arctic, we examine how a community based on a common resource species (avens, <i>Dryas spp</i>.), a specialist insect herbivore (<i>Sympistis zetterstedtii</i>), and natural enemies of lepidopteran herbivores (parasitoids) varies along a multidimensional microclimatic gradient. We ask (1) how parasitoid community composition varies with local abiotic conditions, (2) how the community-level response of parasitoids is linked to species-specific traits (koino- or idiobiont life cycle strategy and phenology) and (3) whether the effects of varying abiotic conditions extend to interaction outcomes (parasitism rates on the focal herbivore and realized herbivory rates). </p> <p>We recorded the local communities of parasitoids, herbivory rates on <i>Dryas</i> flowers and parasitism rates in <i>Sympistis</i> larvae at 20 sites along a mountain slope. For linking community-level responses to microclimatic conditions with parasitoid traits, we used joint species distribution modelling. We then assessed whether the same abiotic variables also affect parasitism and herbivory rates, by applying generalized linear and additive mixed models.</p> <p>We find that parasitism strategy and phenology explain local variation in parasitoid community structure. Parasitoids with a koinobiont strategy preferred high-elevation sites with higher summer temperatures or sites with earlier snowmelt and lower humidity. Species of earlier phenology occurred with higher incidence at sites with cooler summer temperatures or later snowmelt. Microclimatic effects also extend to parasitism and herbivory, with an increase in the parasitism rates of the main herbivore <i>S. zetterstedtii</i> with higher temperature and lower humidity, and a matching increase in herbivory rates. </p> <p>Our results show that microclimatic variation is a strong driver of local community structure, species interactions and interaction outcomes in Arctic ecosystems. In view of ongoing climate change, these results predict that macroclimatic changes will profoundly affect arctic communities. </p> <p> </p>
Risk Communication and Community Engagement: A Ghanaian Perspective
<p>Risk communication and community engagement is essential component of health emergency preparedness and response action.</p> <p>Dataset encompasses responses from all the sixteen (16) administrative regions of Ghana. Responses to risky behaviors, perceived probability of covid-19 infection, sources of information, perceived severity etc. are well captured by the dataset.</p>
Figure 3 in Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel
Figure 3 The taxon richness, Shannon index, Simpson index, and Evenness index (mean ± SD) of soil Acari at different treatment sites at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel, December 2013. OE = open places under enclosure, OT = open places under trampling; EE = E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under enclosure, ET =E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under trampling, TE =T. aphylla canopy habitat under enclosure, TT =T. aphylla canopy habitat under trampling, CE =C. sempervirens canopy habitat under enclosure, CT =C. sempervirens canopy habitat under trampling. Different letters represent significance at p<0.05.
Figure 2 in Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel
Figure 2 The abundance (individuals per 10 g dry soil substrate; mean ± SD) of soil microarthropod taxa extracted from core samples at different treatment sites at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel, December 2013. OE = open places under enclosure, OT = open places under trampling; EE =E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under enclosure, ET =E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under trampling, TE = T. aphylla canopy habitat under enclosure, TT =T. aphylla canopy habitat under trampling, CE = C. sempervirens canopy habitat under enclosure, CT =C. sempervirens canopy habitat under trampling. Different letters within the same group represent significance at p<0.05.
Figure 1 in Changes in a soil microarthropod community in the vicinity of dominant tree species under trampling management at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel
Figure 1 Location of study sites at the Safari Zoological Center, Israel. OE = open places under enclosure, OT = open places under trampling; EE =E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under enclosure, ET = E. camaldulensis canopy habitat under trampling, TE =T. aphylla canopy habitat under enclosure, TT = T. aphylla canopy habitat under trampling, CE =C. sempervirens canopy habitat under enclosure, CT = C. sempervirens canopy habitat under trampling.
FIG. 25 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 25. — Pseudosinella gonzaloi Baquero & Jordana n. sp., Abd IV dorsal macrochaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes or mic; ⦰, pseudopores; △, special chaetae. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
FIG. 24 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 24. — Pseudosinella gonzaloi Baquero & Jordana n. sp., Abd II-III dorsal macrochaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes or mic; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha. Scale bar: 0.02 mm.
FIG. 23 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 23. — Pseudosinella gonzaloi Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, organite on tip of Ant IV; B, three types of sensilla on Ant IV; C, area postlabial; D, head chaetotaxy; E, trochanteral organ; F, claw and empodium of leg 3; G, detail of the claw, ventral view; H, manubrial plate chaetae; I, tip of dens, mucro and mucronal spine. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes or small/doubtful Mc; ⦰, pseudopores. Scale bars: A, B, 0.005 mm; C, G, H, 0.02 mm; G, 0.01 mm.
FIG. 20 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 20. — Pseudosinella valverdei Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, organite and accessory sensillum on Ant IV; B, head chaetotaxy; C, hind part of labium and postlabial area; D, manubrial plate chaetae and pseudopores; E, claw and empodium of leg 3; F, tip of dens, mucro and mucronal spine. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes or small/doubtful Mc; ⦰, pseudopores. Scale bars: A, D, 0.01 mm; C, E, F, 0.02 mm; B, 0.05 mm.
FIG. 21 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 21. — Pseudosinella valverdei Baquero & Jordana n. sp., Th II to Abd III dorsal macrochaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes or mic; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
FIG. 17 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 17. — Lepidocyrtus purgatori Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, organite and accessory sensillum on Ant IV; B, sensory organ of antennal segment III; C, prelabral chaetae (PR) and labral chaetae (rows 'p', 'm' and 'a'); D, labial papilla 'E'; E, head chaetotaxy; F, area postlabial; G, trochanteral organ; H, claw and empodium of leg 3; I, tip of dens, mucro and mucronal spine; J, mic of some parts of the body. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes. Scale bars: A-D, H and I, 0.01 mm; E-G and J, 0.02 mm.
FIG. 18 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 18. — Lepidocyrtus purgatori Baquero & Jordana n. sp., Th II to Abd III dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
FIG. 19 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 19. — Lepidocyrtus purgatori Baquero & Jordana n. sp., A, Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy; B-E, detail of some chaetae of Abd III and IV: B, bothriotrichum lateral of Abd III; C, T6 chaeta of Abd IV; D, M3 chaeta, lateral, of Abd III; E, B4 chaeta of Abd IV. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha; ▲, special chaetae. Scale bars: 0.05 mm for tergite, 0.02 mm for chaetae.
FIG. 15 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 15. — Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, Th II dorsal chaetotaxy with detail of the area with the lateral sensilla and microsensilla (B); C, Th III-Abd I dorsal chaetotaxy; D, Abd II-Abd III dorsal chaetotaxy; E, Abd V dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha. Scale bar: 0.02 mm.
FIG. 16 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 16. — Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp., Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy. Symbols: ●, ciliated Mc, size proportional to reality; ○, mes; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha; ▲, accessory chaetae. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
FIG. 14 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 14. — Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, four types of sensilla on Ant IV; B, organite and accessory sensillum on Ant IV; C, sensory organ of antennal segment III; D, head chaetotaxy; E, apical part of tibiotarsus, claw and empodium of leg 3; F, tip of furcula, mucro and mucronal spine. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes. Scale bar: A-C, 0.005 mm; D-F, 0.02 mm.
FIG. 22 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 22. — Pseudosinella valverdei Baquero & Jordana n. sp., Abd IV dorsal macrochaetotaxy and detail of chaetotaxy lateral to anterior mac C1. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha; ▲, special chaetae. Scale bars: 0.05 mm for whole tergite, 0.025 mm for detail.
FIG. 13 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 13. — Lepidocyrtus labyrinthi Baquero & Jordana n. sp., Abd IV dorsal macrochaetotaxy, and detail of the shape of the accessory chaetae to bothriotricha. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha; ▲, special chaetae. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.