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Fig. 6 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 6. Leptostrophiid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–E, G) and southwestern Estonia (F). A. Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851), Taagepera, depth 413.9 m, moulds of ventral valves, GIT 542-337/1 A1) and GIT 542-337/2 (A2), exterior views. B, E. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. B. Shell, GIT 542-381, Vilcini-19, 906.4 m, exterior view of dorsal valve (B1) and view on interarea (B2). E. Mould of dorsal valve, LDM G328-12, Priekule-33, 1395.6 m, exterior view. C, D, F, G. Coolinia sp. C. Mould of ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dižrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. D. Ventral valve, LDM G328-26, Dizrungi-17, 984.5 m, exterior view. F. Fragment of dorsal valve, GIT 542-364, Ruhnu-500, depth 612.9 m, view of cardinalia (F1) and exterior view (F2). G. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542 48-2, Stirnas-18, 899.0 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 11 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 11. Dalmanellid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–I) and southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, H, I. Onniella sp. A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-66, Aispute-41, depth 1001.15 m, exterior view. B. Ventral valve, LDM 382-50, Dižrungi-17, 896.0 m, ventral view. D. Shell, GIT 542-471, Riekstini-15, 860.85, dorsal (D 1), ventral (D 2), and lateral (D 3) views. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-480, Krjukai, 968.6 m, dorsal exterior view. I. Shell, GIT 542-472, Kandava-26, 964.5 m, ventral (I 1) and dorsal (I 2) views. C, E, F. Draborthis cf. caelebs Marek and Havliček, 1967. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-392, Riekstini-15, 857.5, interior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542- 67, Ruhnu-500, 914.0 m, exterior view. F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-4393, Mežmali-16, 913.2 m, interior view. G. Drabovia sp., dorsal valve, GIT 542-473, Mežmali-16, 910.1 m, interior view. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 5 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 5. Leptostrophiid brachiopod Eostropheodonta hirnantensis (M`Coy, 1851) from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia. A. Ventral valve, GIT 542-316, Riekstini-15, depth 850.3 m, ventral exterior view. B. Ventral valve, GIT 542-333, Riekstini-15, 854.0 m, fragment of valve with ornament (B 1) and exterior view (B 2). C. Juvenile specimen, GIT 542-319, Mežmali-16, 906.56 m, ventral exterior view. D. Ventral valve, GIT 542-385, Aispute-41, 1000.5 m, interior view. E. Bedding plane with numerous casts of valves, GIT 542- 360, Vilcini-19, 906.5 m.

Fig. 4 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 4. Strophomenoid brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia (A–F, H) and southwestern Estonia (G). A, B, F–H. Paromalomena polonica (Temple, 1965). A. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-299, Mežmali-16, depth 911.8 m, exterior view. B. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-352-1, Adze-6, 844.5 m, split into two parts: exterior view (B1) and impression (B2). F. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-377, Aispute-41, 884.4 m, exterior view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-361, Ikla, 535.3 m, exterior view. H. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-355, Mežmali-16, 912.2 m, exterior view (H 1) and view of the chilidium (H2). C. Eostropheodonta cf. parvicostellata Rong, 1984. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-365, Aispute-41, depth 988.7 m, exterior view. D–E. Proboscisambon? sp. D. Mould of dorsal valve, GIT 542-53, Stirnas-18, depth 908.2 m, exterior view. E. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-322-1, exterior view; Riekstini-15, 858.6 m. Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 2. A in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 2. A. The facies belts in the Baltic Basin and the study area. B. The location of drill core sections. C. Enlarged Jurkalne area. Black dots mark the locality of the drill core with brachiopods of the Hirnantia Fauna; empty dots indicate occurrences of the Hirnantia Fauna (from Paškevičius 1997, 2000). Drill cores: 1, Stirnas-18; 2, Pliekalni-14: 3, Dizrungi-17, 4, Vilcini-19; 5, Adze-6; 6, Dreimaņi-11; 7, Riekstini-15; 8, Mežmaļi-16; 9, Mežvagari-13, 10, Ēdole-60; 11, Anši. Distribution of the Hirnantian rocks: a, outer limit the the Porkuni Stage, including of the Saldus Formation on the NE areas; b, outer limit of the Saldus Formation in northern part of region; c, outer limits of the distribution area of the Kuldiga Formation.

Fig. 3 in The Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) brachiopod fauna of the East Baltic: Taxonomy of the key species

Fig. 3. Leptaenin brachiopods from the Kuldiga Formation of the Porkuni Regional Stage, Hirnantian (Upper Ordovician), East Baltic, western Latvia A–D, F–G), southwestern Estonia (E). A, B, D, F, G. Leptaena (L.) rugosa (Dalman, 1828). A. Shell, LDM G 273-1, Ēdole-60 drill core, depth 840.7 m, ventral (A1) and ventro-lateral (A2) views. B. Shell, GIT G 542-2, Vilcini-15, 910.35 m (figured in Kaljo et al. 2008), ventral (B1) and posterior (B2) views. D. Shell, GIT 542-17, Stirnas-18, 908.6 m, dorsal exterior view. F. Shell, GIT 542-18, Stirnas-18, 909.4 m, ventral view. G. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-197, Sturi-8, 941.8 m, view of interior (G1) and cruralium (G2). C, E. Leptaena sp. C. Dorsal valve, GIT 542-189, Vilcini-15, 909.3 m, exterior view. E. Incomplete ventral valve, GIT 542-192, Ikla, 536.5 m, exterior view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 6 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 6. EDS spectra of the phosphatic Sphenothallus tube with diagenetic calcite interlayer. Scale bar 100 μm.

Fig. 3 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 3. Tube microstructure of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (TUG 1648-2), Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla-Nõmme. A. Laminar microstructure, arrows point to the boundaries of laminae; z, possible thin primary lamination. B. Secondary calcitic layer in the tube wall, arrows point to the boundaries between laminae. C. Detail view of the boundary between laminae. D. Homogeneous microstructure.

Fig. 4. Representative X in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 4. Representative X-ray diffraction pattern of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus, Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, Kohtla, NE Estonia. Dark gray line indicates modelled apatite pattern fitted to measured pattern. Position of reflections 410 and 004 were used to estimate carbonate ion content in carbonate-fluor apatite structure.

Fig. 7 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 7. Representitave ATR-FTIR spectrum of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus from Viivikonna Formation, Kivõli, NE Estonia.

Fig. 2 in Alleged cnidarian Sphenothallus in the Late Ordovician of Baltica, its mineral composition and microstructure

Fig. 2. Tubes of Sphenothallus aff. longissimus (A–C) and Sphenothallus kukersianus (Öpik, 1927) (D) Viivikonna Formation, lowermost Sandbian, NE Estonia. A. TUG 73-37 from Kohtla-Järve. B. TUG 1087-14 from Kohtla. C. TUG 2-551 from North East Estonia, oil shale basin. D. TUG 1087-12 from Kohtla-Järve.

Fig. 11 in Orthid brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain

Fig. 11. Orthid brachiopod Sivorthis noctilio (Sharpe, 1849). A. MGM−6249−O, internal mould (A1) and latex cast of interior (A2) of ventral valve. B. Lectotype, NHM 82904, latex cast of exterior of dorsal valve. C. MGM−6273−O, internal mould (C1), latex cast of interior (C2) and latex cast of exterior (C3) of ventral valve. D. MGM−6317−O, internal mould (D1), latex cast of interior (D2) and latex cast of exterior (D3) of dorsal valve. E. MGM−6304−O, internal mould (E1), latex cast of interior (E2) and latex cast of exterior (E3) of dorsal valve. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 8 in Orthid brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain

Fig. 8. Orthid brachiopod Paralenorthis lolae Reyes−Abril and Villas sp. nov. A. Holotype, MGM−6121−O, internal mould (A1) and latex cast of interior (A2) of ventral valve. B. MGM−6133−O, latex cast of exterior of ventral valve. C. MGM−6129−O, internal mould (C1) and latex cast of interior (C2) of ventral valve. D. MGM−6135−O, latex cast of exterior of ventral valve. E. MGM−6143−O, internal mould (E1) latex cast of interior (E2) and latex cast of exterior (E3) of dorsal valve. F. MGM−6158−O, internal mould (F1), latex cast of interior (F2) and latex cast of exterior (F3) of dorsal valve. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 5 in Orthid brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain

Fig. 5. Orthid brachiopod Orthambonites sp. A. MGM−5999−O, internal mould (A1) and latex cast of interior (A2) of ventral valve. B. MGM−6008−O, latex cast of exterior of dorsal valve. C. MGM−6002−O, internal mould of ventral valve. D. MGM−6006−O, internal mould (D1) and latex cast of interior (D2) of dorsal valve. E. MGM−6012−O, internal mould (E1) and latex cast of interior (E2) of dorsal valve. F. MGM−6013−O, latex cast of exterior of dorsal valve. G. MGM−6011−O, internal mould (G1) and latex cast of interior (G2) of dorsal valve. H. MGM−6007−O, latex cast of exterior of dorsal valve. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Orthid brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain

Fig. 2. Generalised stratigraphical columns of the Middle Ordovician rocks in the southern Central Iberian Zone, representatives of the three main areas (A–C) represented on Fig. 1, to show the vertical distribution of the studied brachiopod taxa. The left−hand column indicates the equivalence between the global chronostratigraphy and the north−Gondwanan regional scheme. Abbreviations: AQ, Armorican Quartzite; GF, Guindo Formation; Fe, thin oolithic ironstone bed. Note that the stratigraphic range of the graptolite biozones are directly annotated on the left side of each column.

Fig. 1 in Orthid brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain

Fig. 1. Map of the main Ordovician–Silurian outcrops of Iberian Massif, with locations of the studied fossiliferous localities, including the Portuguese localities of Valongo and Arouca. Abbreviations: AC, Almodóvar del Campo; AD, Almuradiel; AQ, Aldeaquemada; CC, Calzada de Calatrava; CHI, Chillón; NE, Navas de Estena; SP, San Pablo de Los Montes; VM, Viso del Marqués; VPA, Ventas con Peña Aguilera. A, B, C are the representative areas of lithostratigraphic sections detailed in Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 in Orthid brachiopods from the Middle Ordovician of the Central Iberian Zone, Spain

Fig. 6. Orthid brachiopod Paralenorthis alata (J. de C. Sowerby in Murchison, 1839). A. MGM−6021−O internal mould (A1), latex cast of interior (A2) and latex cast of exterior (A3) of ventral valve. B. MGM−6030−O, internal mould (B1) and latex cast of interior (B2) of ventral valve. C. MGM−6038−O, latex cast of exterior of ventral valve. D. MGM−6037−O, internal mould of ventral valve. E. MGM−6048−O internal mould (E1) and latex cast of interior (E2) of dorsal valve. F. MGM−6027−O, latex cast of ventral exterior (F1), latex cast of dorsal exterior (F2), and detail of the latter (F3) of a shell with conjoined valves. G. MGM−6042−O, internal mould (G1), latex cast of interior (G2) and latex cast of exterior (G3) of dorsal valve. Scale bars 5 mm.

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Fig. 5 in Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology

Fig. 5. Pattern of relative abundance (%) of polychaeturid polychaetes Pteropelta gladiata and Pteropelta huberti in the Laeva 18 drill core, central Estonia. The counts are based on a total of 572 posterior maxillae (MI), of which 147 belong to polychaeturids. Arrow heads indicate that the ranges continue beyond the interval shown.

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Fig. 4 in Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology

Fig. 4. Sketch map showing selected occurrences of four species of polychaeturid polychaete genus Pteropelta in the Baltic Region. Note that the localities may expose strata of different stratigraphical intervals. The boundary between shallow and deeper shelf facies is tentative; it has shifted in time due to basin infilling and sea level changes. Thus, for instance, the occurrence of P. gladiata in the Ruhnu and Valga drill cores does not infer its relation to deeper shelf settings. All localities are boreholes, unless stated otherwise. For more information about the localities see the on−line catalogue at http://sarv.gi.ee.