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492 results for “Silurian”
Silurian crinoid fossil (Periechocrinus)
This is a limestone slab with beautifully preserved crinoid fossils (*Periechocrinus costatus*; BU2470, BIRUG 4899) on display in the Evolution of Life gallery of the Lapworth Museum of Geology. The crinoids come from the 428 million-year-old Much Wenlock Limestone Formation of Dudley, West Midlands, UK. In the Silurian the West Midlands was covered by warm shallow tropical seas, and a diverse ecosystem lived on and around coral and sponge reefs on the sea floor. Digitised using an Artec Spider 3D scanner by University of Birmingham Palaeobiology & Palaeoenvironments undergraduate student Luke Meade. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: preserved appendages in a Silurian binodicope: implications for the evolutionary history of ostracod crustaceans
<p>Derima paparme gen. et sp. nov. from the Herefordshire Silurian Lagerstätte is one of only a handful of exceptionally preserved ostracod crustaceans known from the Palaeozoic. A male specimen provides the first evidence of the soft-part morphology of Binodicopina, a major group of Palaeozoic ostracods comprising some 135 Ordovician to Permian genera. The appendage morphology of D. paparme, but not its shell, indicates that binodicopes belong to Podocopa. The discovery that the soft-part morphology of binodicopes allies them with podocopes affirms that using the shell alone is an unreliable basis for classifying certain fossil ostracods and that knowledge of soft-part morphology is critical for the task. Current assignment of many fossil ostracods to higher taxa may require reconsideration.</p>
An Ordovician to Silurian graptolite specimen image dataset for global correlation and shale gas exploration
<p>A unique high-resolution image dataset consists of key graptolite species used for dating rocks, global correlation, and “gold caliper” for locating shale gas favourable exploration beds (FEBs) in China.</p> <p>All images were taken from 1,550 carefully curated graptolite specimens, taxonomically belong to 113 graptolite species or subspecies. These specimens were collected from 154 representative geological sections of the Ordovician to Silurian sediments of China and published in 1958-2020. All specimens are housed at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology (NIGP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Detailed scientific information of every piece of fossil specimen is given in the attached spreadsheet file.</p> <p>My working group spent over two years to complete photographing every specimen using a single-lens reflex camera Nikon D800E with Nikkor 60 mm macro-lens and Leica M125 and M205C microscopes equipped with Leica cameras. Every image is well focused and better shows the morphology of graptolite bodies.</p> <p>In total, we took 40,597 images, including 20,644 camera photos (each with a resolution of 4,912 × 7,360) and 19,953 microscope photos (each with a resolution of 2,720 × 2,048). Photos of low contrast or bad focus were removed from the whole collection. We only kept and selected the photos that show the visual morphology of every specimen and the diagnostic character of each graptolite species that the specimens represent. We selected one image for each specimen as the present final dataset, uploaded to and stored in our cloud server.</p> <p>We incorporated revision suggestions from distinguished palaeontologists to generate the ground-truth labels, providing a taxonomical authority of the dataset. The dataset potentially contributes to a range of scientific activities and provides 1) easy access to high-resolution images of 2951 specimens of 113 graptolite species for teaching and training in palaeontology and geologic survey; 2) Global bio-stratigraphic correlation using graptolites, especially with those bio-zone species; 3) A standard fossil specimen image dataset used in shale gas industry to improve exploration efficiency, and 4) The potential aid of developing image-based automated classification model.</p> <p>Every specimen has two photos, one is original, another shows specimen with a scale bar. Occasionally in some large image the scale bar is embedded and beside the fossil specimen. Example: The file name: ‘9721Cardiograptus_amplus_S.jpg’, ‘9721’ is the specimens number, ‘Cardiograptus_amplus’ means species name is ‘Cardiograptus amplus’, with ‘_S’ means it is a photo with scale bar. In all scale bar, the minimum unit is millimeter.</p> <p>Author and contact:</p> <p>Hong-He Xu</p> <p>Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences</p> <p>39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008</p> <p>China</p> <p>E-mail: hhxu@nigpas.ac.cn</p>
FIGURE 21 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 21. Mature tubaria of Gothograptus obtectus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990 from Lithuania, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 1012.0 m, lundgreni Biozone. A, B, E. finite tubarium with no proximal end, ventro-lateral view, VU RET-19; A, whole specimen; B, enlargement of last thecae; E. enlargement of thecal hood. C–D. proximal part of tubarium, obverse view, VU RET-20; C. enlargement of medial part; D. whole specimen; F–H. fragment of tubarium, lateral-ventral view, VU RET-21; F. whole specimen; G. enlargement of proximal part; H. enlargement of distal part. Abbreviations: genic.—geniculum, lat. ap.— lateral apertural, m–v.—mid-ventral.
FIGURE 20 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 20. Tubaria of Gothograptus obtectus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990, Zawada 1 core, depth 1533.3–1540.0 m, Poland, upper part of lundgreni Biozone. A. tubarium, ZPAL G.XIII/23. B. gerontic tubarium, holotype, ZPAL G.XIII/23. Abbreviations: conn.—connecting, v.—ventral.
FIGURE 17 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 17. Mature tubaria of Gothograptus kozlowskii Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990 from the Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 1009.1 m, lundgreni Biozone, Lithuania. A–E. mature tubarium with seven pairs of thecae, VU RET-17; A. whole specimen, ventro-lateral view; B. enlargement of distal part of tubarium; C. enlargement of medial part of tubarium; D, E. orifice of th31. F. fragment of mature tubarium showing overgrown proximal ventral orifice, ventral view, VU RET-18.
FIGURE 14. Gothograptus auriculatus n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 14. Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., proximal ends of tubaria, Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, Poland. A. immature tubarium with the first three thecae, reverse view, ZPAL G.55/27. B. ventro-lateral side of tubarium, ZPAL G.55/28. C–E. reverse views of mature tubaria with very wide lists surrounding proximal lateral orifice and prongs; C. ZPAL G.55/23; D. lateral view, ZPAL G.55/29; F.
FIGURE 13 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 13. Mature tubaria of Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, Poland. A. lateral-ventral tubarium aspect with six pairs of thecae, with the distal end broken off, ZPAL G.55/22. B. obverse side of tubarium with proximal end, holotype, ZPAL G.55/23. C, F. reverse views of distal fragments with six pairs of thecae and appendix, paratype ZPAL G.55/24; C. whole specimen; F. enlargement of distal part showing thick lists and auricle. D. part of tubarium with proximal end, reverse view, ZPAL G.55/25. E. ventral view of distal part of tubarium with beginning of appendix, ZPAL G.55/26.
FIGURE 12 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 12. Mature specimens of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth, Poland. A. distal fragment with eight pairs of thecae and appendix, G.55/16. B. fragment of distal end, ZPAL G.55/17. C–E. tubarium with 12 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/18; C. ventro-lateral view of specimen; D. enlargement of orifice of th21; E. enlargement showing thickness of hood. F. medial part of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/19. G–H. proximal fragment of fragment of specimen with five pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/20; G. ventro-lateral view; H. enlargement of th41. I–J. distal fragment of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae and appendix, ZPAL G.55/21; I. whole specimen; J. enlargement of thecal hood.
FIGURE 10 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 10. Immature tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Bartoszyce IG-1, depth 1655.8 m, dubius/nassa Biozone, Poland. A–B. tubarium with 18 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/1, A ventro-lateral view; B. enlargement of hood of th151. C–E. ventral view of tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/13; C. whole tubarium; D. enlargement of hood of th81; E. enlargement of hood of th102. F. tubarium with nine pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.28/2. G. tubarium with 10 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/14. H. tubarium with 13 pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/15.
FIGURE 9 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 9. Morphology of two types of veil with coloured lists of tubaria. A–B Gothograptus obtectus Kozłowska- Dawidziuk, 1990, Lithuania, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 1012.0 m, lundgreni Biozone; A. fragment of tubarium with two veils, ventro-lateral view; B. coloured drawing of ventral wall. C. Gothograptus velo n. sp. distal fragment of tubarium, ventro-lateral view, Zawada 1 core, depth 1533.3–1540.0 m, upper part of lundgreni Biozone, Poland, ZPAL G.XIII/25. Drawings DEB.
FIGURE 7 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 7. Thecal orifices and hoods of Gothograptus. A. Pyramidal orifices in Gothograptus domeyki n. sp., VU RET-13, Šiupyliai-69 core, Lithuania, depth 1010.0 m, upper part of lundgreni Biozone. B. rectangular orifice in Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1656.8 m, nassa Biozone, ZPAL G.55/13.
FIGURE 5 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 5. Comparison of Gothograptus obtectus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990 (A) and (B) Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), showing comparative morphology of tubaria. A. medial part of tubarium, obverse side. B. proximal part of tubarium, starting from the ancora umbrella rim, reverse side. The lists of the ancora umbrella are omitted. Drawings DEB.
FIGURE 4 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 4. Proximal ends of young and mature tubaria of (A–B) Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp., Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.2 m, praedeubeli Biozone, light blue colour indicates ancora umbrella rim; A. immature tubarium with the first three thecae, obverse view, ZPAL G.55/6. B. mature tubarium, obverse view, with wide lists above proximal lateral orifice (dark blue), ZPAL G.55/23. C, D, E, G, H. Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890), Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813- 832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984); C. inside view of proximal end with sicula rim, ZPAL G.55/8. D. outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/9. E, outside view of ancora, stereopair, ZPAL G.55/10. G. stereopair of proximal end, ventral view, ZPAL G.55/11; H. lateral view with colored reticulated wall of metasicula, ZPAL G.55/12. F. Gothograptus kozlowskii Kozłowska-Dawidziuk, 1990; erratic boulder, Jarosławiec 147, Poland, lundgreni Biozone, outside view of proximal end, with outer ancora, ZPAL G.XIII/43. Abbreviations: anc.—ancora umbrella, lat.—lateral, m-v—mid-ventral list, prox.—proximal, orif.—orifice, th—theca, umb.—umbrella.
FIGURE 2 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 2. Immature tubaria of Gothograptus auriculatus n. sp. from the Bartoszyce IG-1 core, depth 1645.6 m, praedeubeli Biozone, Poland. A. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/1. B. tubarium with two pairs of thecae, ZPAL G.55/2. C– E. tubarium with first pair of thecae, ZPAL G.55/3; C. ventro-lateral view, D. enlargement of distal part of virga with trace of prosicular apex, E. enlargement of distal end showing virga and fragment of virgella. Abbreviation: pros.—prosicular.
FIGURE 23. Gothograptus diminutus n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 23. Gothograptus diminutus n. sp. Bartoszyce IG-1core, Poland. A. lateral view of tubarium, almost mature, with seven pairs of thecae, 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/32. B, C, E. mature tubarium with six pairs of thecae and appendix, holotype, 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.29/21; B. ventro-lateral view; C, fragment of third pair of theca; E. proximal end. D. finite tubarium with six pairs of thecae and appendix, paratype, depth 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/34. F. mature tubarium with seven pairs of thecae, ventrolateral view, depth 1658.8 m, ZPAL G.54/8. G. young tubarium with four pairs of thecae, depth 1659.9 m, ZPAL G.55/35.
FIGURE 11 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 11. Tubaria of Gothograptus nassa (Holm, 1890) from Lithuania. A–B, E–F. Specimen with five pairs of thecae, VU RET-8, Kybartai-14 core, depth 1087.8 m, nassa Biozone; A. ventro-lateral view; B. view of distal end; E, enlargement of cross-section of nema; F, distal view of end of tubarium. C–D, G. tubarium with four pairs of thecae, ventral view, VU RET-9, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 998.0 m, nassa Biozone; C. enlargement of th12 orifice; D. oblique view of th12 orifice; G. whole specimen.
FIGURE 1 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 1. Biostratigraphic ranges of Gothograptus Frech, 1897 species from Baltica, and two species of other genera with nassa hoods: Semigothograptus meganassa Kozłowska, 2016 and Neogothograptus eximinassa Maletz, 2008. Abbreviations: G.—Gothograptus, N.—Neogothograptus, S.—Semigothograptus.
FIGURE 8 in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 8. Details of bandaging in Gothograptus. A. bandaging on the surface of a nema, before it is overlain by pustular bandaging of the ancora sleeve, ZPAL G.55/42. B. pustular bandages on the surface of a hood, ZPAL G.55/41. C. bandage on the surface of a reticular list, showing pustules, ZPAL G.55/41. D. edge of a bandage on a hood; a "gluey" layer extends laterally beyond an outer granular layer, ZPAL G.55/42. E. the inner surface of the basal sheet layer of a bandage, with scattered vesicles, ZPAL G.55/44. F. bandages on the surface of a hood, ZPAL G.55/46. G. TEM section through reticular list. The pustular outer layer is electron dense; the pustules are formed from the thickening of the layer. H. broken list, thickened by successive bandages, ZPAL G.55/45. A, G. Mulde Marl, Blåhäll, Gotland, Sweden Locality 813-832, Blåhäll 1 (Spjeldnaes 1984). B–E. Mulde Marl, Dapps 2, Gotland. F, H. Mulde Marl, Tegelbruk 1, Gotland (Calner & Jeppsson 2003).
FIGURE 15. Gothograptus domeyki n in Evolutionary significance of the retiolitine Gothograptus (Graptolithina) with four new species from the Silurian of the East European Platform (Baltica), Poland and Lithuania
FIGURE 15. Gothograptus domeyki n. sp. tubaria of young colonies, Šiupyliai-69 core, depth 1009.4 m, lundgreni Biozone, Lithuania. A, E, F. tubarium with five pairs of thecae, ventro-lateral view, VU RET-10; A. whole specimen; E. enlargement of orifice of th41; F. enlargement of orifice of th21. B. tubarium with six pairs of thecae, ventro-lateral view, VU RET-11. C, D. tubarium with seven pairs of thecae, VU RET-12; C. whole tubarium, lateral view; D. enlargement of orifice of th11.
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