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1,029 results for “altitude”
Supplementary material for: Revealing the identity of Josa chazaliae (Simon, 1897) (Araneae: Anyphaenidae): new species and the highest altitude record for a spider in South America
<p>Geographical and elevation records of South American spiders higher than 3000 m above sea level.</p>
Fig. 3 in Ex-situ cultivation at lower altitude and evaluation of Swertia chirayita, a critically endangered medicinal plant of Sikkim Himalayan region, India
Fig. 3. An image of HPTLC plate at UV 254 nm showing swertiamarin content, track 1: standard swertiamarin, track 2: swertiamarin content in stem (niche environment), track 3: swertiamarin content in leaves (niche environment), track 4: swertiamarin content in leaves (ex-situ cultivated plant) (a); HPTLC densitogram of swertiamarin standard (b), stem (niche environment) (c), leaves (niche environment) (d) and leaves (ex-situ cultivated plant) (e), [x-axis represent retention factor (Rf) & y-axis represent absorption unit (AU)].
Fig. 1 in Ex-situ cultivation at lower altitude and evaluation of Swertia chirayita, a critically endangered medicinal plant of Sikkim Himalayan region, India
Fig. 1. Fully mature crop cultivated in niche environment (a), fully mature dried harvested plants from niche environment (b), one-year-old ex-situ cultivated plants at lower altitude (c), freshly harvested leaves from one-year-old ex-situ cultivated plants (d) and leaf: sessile leaves of fully mature plant cultivated in niche environment (left) and petiolated leaves of oneyear-old ex-situ cultivated plants (right) (e).
Data from: Adaptations and responses of the common dandelion to low atmospheric pressure in high altitude environments
<p>Atmospheric pressure is an important, yet understudied factor that may shape plant ecology and evolution.</p> <p>By growing plants under controlled conditions at different experimental stations in the Swiss alps, we evaluated the impact of ecologically realistic atmospheric pressures between 660 and 950 hPa on the growth and defence of different dandelion populations.</p> <p>Low atmospheric pressure was associated with reduced root growth and defensive sesquiterpene lactone production. Defence suppression only occurred in populations originating from lower altitudes. Populations from higher altitudes constitutively produced less sesquiterpene lactones and did not suffer from suppression under low atmospheric pressure.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. We conclude that atmospheric pressure modulates root growth and defence traits, and that evolutionary history shapes plant phenotypic responses to atmospheric pressure. Our findings have important implications for our understanding of altitudinal gradients and the future use of plants as a source of food and bioactive metabolites in extraterrestrial habitats.</p>
Far Eastern Curlew and Whimbrel prefer flying low: wind support and good visibility appear only secondary factors in determining migratory flight altitude
<p><b>Background:</b> In-flight conditions are hypothesized to influence the timing and success of long-distance migration. Wind assistance and thermal uplift are thought to reduce the energetic costs of flight, humidity, air pressure and temperature may affect the migrants' water balance, and clouds may impede navigation. Recent advances in animal-borne long-distance tracking enable evaluating the importance of these factors in determining animals' flight altitude.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Here we determine the effects of wind, humidity, temperature, cloud cover, and altitude (as proxy for climbing costs and air pressure) on flight altitude selection of two long-distance migratory shorebirds, far eastern curlew (<i>Numenius madagascariensis</i>) and whimbrel (<i>Numenius phaeopus</i>). To reveal the predominant drivers of flight altitude selection during migration we compared the atmospheric conditions at the altitude the birds were found flying with conditions elsewhere in the air column using conditional logistic mixed effect models.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Our results demonstrate that despite occasional high-altitude migrations (up to 5,550 m above ground level), our study species typically forego flying at high altitudes, limiting climbing costs and potentially alleviating water loss and facilitating navigation. While mainly migrating at low altitude, the birds also preferred flying with wind support to likely reduce flight costs, and avoided clouds, which would help navigation and reduce the risks from adverse weather.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> We conclude that the primary determinant of avian migrant's flight altitude selection is a preference for low altitude with wind support as an important secondary factor. Our approach and findings can assist in predicting climate change effects on migration and in mitigating bird strikes with air traffic, wind farms, power lines, and other human-made structures.</p>
Figure 4 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 4. Mean and standard deviation of percent of local species pool for plains and per inselberg habitats for four inselberg landscapes (Ete-Bar: n = 9; Spk: n = 8; NR: n = 3; Sperr: n = 4).
Figure 3 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 3. Mean and standard deviation of Bray–Curtis similarity indices between plains and inselbergs per inselberg landscape (Ete-Bar: n = 9; Spk: n = 8; NR: n = 3; Sperr: n = 4).
Figure 1 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 1. Position of inselberg landscapes in the Namib Desert included in this study (dark grey shading, Succulent Karoo; medium shading, Namib Desert; light shading, Nama Karoo Biome).
Figure 2 in The effect of altitude on arid inselbergs along a bioclimatic gradient
Figure 2. Bray–Curtis similarity indices between inselbergs and surrounding matrix along altitude gradients for four inselberg landscapes (ETE-BAR, Etendeka-Barab; SPK, Spitzkoppe; NR, Namibrand; Sperr, Sperrgebiet).
Figure 3 in Periglacial microclimate in low-altitude scree slopes supports relict biodiversity
Figure 3. Temperature variations (◦C) in the Kamenec scree slope from the beginning of December 2003 to the end of November 2004. ET, external ambient air temperature; IT, internal air temperature on lower margin of the scree slope near trap No. 2.
Figure 2 in Periglacial microclimate in low-altitude scree slopes supports relict biodiversity
Figure 2. Relation of average annual temperature (A), and the annual number of black frost days (B) for three meteorological stations: Strakonice (423 m a.s.l.), Kašperské Hory (737 m a.s.l.) and Churáňov (1118 m a.s.l.). From 1976 to 2005. F = 487.49, P <10−16; and F = 1,29 1,29 65.6, P ≤ 10−8, respectively.
Figure 1 in Periglacial microclimate in low-altitude scree slopes supports relict biodiversity
Figure 1. Aerial photograph of Kamenec hill, autumnal aspect. The locations of pitfall traps are marked by full circles. Dashed line indicates the area with periglacial microclimate. Photo: L. Jenka.
Figure 5 in Periglacial microclimate in low-altitude scree slopes supports relict biodiversity
Figure 5. Ordination diagram of the Redundancy Analysis method on the dataset with all arthropods. The first (horizontal) axis defined by the proximity to ice formation places explains 22.7% of the total variation in species data, while the second (vertical) axis explains another 18.5% of the variation, unrelated to the tested factor. NI, near ice, plots <5 m from the places with underground ice formation; Outside, all remaining plots. Ten species best fitted by the proximity of ice-formation places are shown: Acari: RhagGeli, Rhagidia gelida Thorell, 1872; Araneae: AcanNorv, Acantholycosa norvegica (Thorell, 1872); AnguTrip, Anguliphantes tripartitus (Miller and Svatoň, 1978); DiplBide, Diplocentria bidentata (Emerton, 1882); TenuAlac, Tenuiphantes alacris (Blackwall, 1853); WalcAtro, Walckenaeria atrotibialis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1878); Coleoptera: CoryAngu, Coryphium angusticolle Stephens, 1834; OmalCaes, Omalium caesum Gravenhost, 1806; PhylUndu, Phyllotreta undulata Kutschera, 1860; Diplopoda: GlomHexa, Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833.
Figure 4 in Periglacial microclimate in low-altitude scree slopes supports relict biodiversity
Figure 4. Ordination diagram of Canonical Correspondence Analysis, displaying first two axes constrained by the sample location category (3.4% of total variation explained, P = 0.002). NI, near ice, plots <5 m from the places with underground ice formation; MP, middle part; SP, side part; and UM, upper margin. Sixteen bryophyte species best explained by the location are shown: AnasSaxi, Anastrophyllum saxicola (Schrad.) R. M. Schust.; AndrRupe, Andreaea rupestris Hedw.; CephDiva, Cephaloziella divaricata (Sm.) Schiffn.; CephRube, Cephaloziella rubella (Nees) Warnst.; DicrScop, Dicranum scoparium Hedw.; DiplTaxi, Diplophyllum taxifolium (Wahlenb.) Dumort.; LophSude, Lophozia sudetica (Nees ex Hueneber) Grolle; LophVent, Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort.; PohlCrud, Pohlia cruda (Hedw.) Lindb.; PolyAlpi, Polytrichum alpinum Hedw.; PolyForm, Polytrichum formosum Hedw.; PtilCili, Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe; RacoFasc, Racomitrium fasciculare (Hedw.) Brid.; RacoLanu, Racomitrium lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid.; ScapNemo, Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle; TetrPell, Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.
FIGURE 11 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 11. Pleuroxus fryeri sp. nov., adult parthenogenetic female from Crater Lake, Licancabur Volcano, Chile- Bolivia border. A. Lateral view; B. Ventral view; C. Anterior view; D. Lateral view of female with removed valve; E–F. Head, lateral and ventro-lateral view; G–H. Head pores. Scale bars 0.1 mm for A–G, 0.01 mm for H.
FIGURE 12 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 12. Pleuroxus fryeri sp. nov., adult parthenogenetic female from Crater Lake, Licancabur Volcano, Chile- Bolivia border. A–B. Valve and its surface; C–G. Setae at different portions of valve margin; H–I. Postabdomen; J–L. Postabdominal claw. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 4. Daphnia paggii sp. nov., adult male from Salar de Lagunillas, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Head; C. Free margin of valve, inner view; D. Setae at antero-ventral angle of valve; E–F. Setae at medium portion of valve ventral margin; G. Setae at postero-ventral portion of valve; H. Setae at posterior margin of valve; I. Postabdomen, lateral view; J–K. Its distal portion, lateral and dorsal view; L. Postabdominal claw; M. Antenna I, distal portion; N. Antenna II; O–P. Limb I and distal portion of large seta on its outer distal lobe; Q. Anterior seta 1 on inner-distal portion of limb II. Scale bars 1 mm for A, C; 0.1 mm for B, D–Q.
FIGURE 6 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 6. Ilyocryptus cf. nevadensis, appendages of adult parthenogenetic female from a small stream in wet prairie, Parinacota Region, Chile. A–B. Antenna I, lateral and anterior view; C. Antenna II, anterior view; D. Its exopod. E–F. Apical and lateral swimming seta of antenna II; G. Distal portion of limb I. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 5. Ilyocryptus cf. nevadensis, adult parthenogenetic female from a small stream in wet prairie, Parinacota Region, Chile. A. Lateral view; B. Anterior view; C–E. Head, lateral, ventral and dorsal view; F. Reticulation on valve; G–I. Setae at antero-ventral, ventral and posterior margin of valve; J–K. Postabdomen and armature of its basal portion; L. Large lateral setae; M. Postabdominal claw; N. Postabdominal seta. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in The Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of six high altitude water bodies in the North Chilean Andes, with discussion of Andean endemism 2430
FIGURE 3. Daphnia paggii sp. nov., appendages of adult parthenogenetic female from Salar de Lagunillas, Chile, all in anterior view. A. Maxilla I; B–C. Limb I; D–F. Limb II, its distal portion and gnathobase; G–I. Limb III, its inner-distal portion and filtering seta of gnathobase; J–K. Limb IV and its inner-distal portion; L. Limb V. Scale bars 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.