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665 results for “ant diversity”
FIGURE 2. Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis a in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 2. Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis a) Single stroma, characteristic of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato, with a single lateral ascoma, arising anteriorly from pronotum of Camponotus atriceps, firmly attached to the edge of the leaf (bar = 3 mm); b) Detail of fertile region (ascoma) (bar = 0.8 mm); c) Section through ascoma showing the mainly immersed perithecial arrangement (bar = 200 μm); d) Ascospore with a needle-like outgrowth (capilliconidiophore) producing terminal conidium (bar = 20 μm); e) Close-up of conidium (bar = 10 μm); f) Close-up of perithecium (bar = 50 μm); g) Ascus, clavate in shape and with a prominent cap (bar = 20 μm); h) Section of upper part of stroma showing asexual morph (Hirsutella-like A type), with a palisade of subulate phialides (bar = 10 μm) Images: João Araújo.
FIGURE 5. Maximum-likelihood tree obtained from a in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 5. Maximum-likelihood tree obtained from a concatenated dataset of three genes (nu-SSU, nu-LSU, ITS) showing the placement of O.camponoti-atricipis, O. camponoti-bispinosi and O. camponoti-indiani within Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex and relative to other Ophiocordycipitaceae species. Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap scores>70 (ML/MP).
FIGURE 1 in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 1. Map showing the forest reserves sampled in the central Brazilian Amazon: A) Reserva Adolpho Ducke; B) Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas; C) Parque Nacional do Viruá; D) Estação Ecológica de Maracá.
FIGURE 3. Ophiocordyceps camponoti-bispinosi a in Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
FIGURE 3. Ophiocordyceps camponoti-bispinosi a) Infected Camponotus bispinosus biting into tip of palm leaf; b) Close-up showing biting behavior; c) Section through ascoma showing perithecial arrangement (bar = 100 μm); d) Ascospore after 48 h germinating with a single capilliconidiophore with a capilliconidium at the tip (bar = 10 μm), upper right corner shows the capilliconidium in close-up (bar = 10 μm); e) Section of perithecium showing the arrangement of asci (bar = 50 μm); f-g) Detail showing the prominent ascus cap (bar = 10 μm); h) Section of the swollen stromatal tip with the asexual morph (Hirsutella-like A) (bar = 10 μm). Images: João Araújo.
Data from: Cryptic diversity, high host specificity and reproductive synchronization in army ant-associated Vatesus beetles
Army ants and their arthropod symbionts represent one of the most species-rich animal associations on Earth, and constitute a fascinating example of diverse host-symbiont interaction networks. However, despite decades of research, our knowledge of army ant symbionts remains fragmentary due to taxonomic ambiguity and the inability to study army ants in the lab. Here we present an integrative approach that allows us to reliably determine species boundaries, assess biodiversity, match different developmental stages and sexes, and to study the life cycles of army ant symbionts. This approach is based on a combination of community sampling, DNA barcoding, morphology and physiology. As a test case, we applied this approach to the staphylinid beetle genus Vatesus and its different Eciton army ant host species at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. DNA barcoding led to the discovery of cryptic biodiversity and, in combination with extensive community sampling, revealed strict host partitioning with no overlap in host range. Using DNA barcoding, we were also able to match the larval stages of all focal Vatesus species. In combination with studies of female reproductive physiology, this allowed us to reconstruct almost the complete life cycles of the different beetle species. We show that Vatesus beetles are highly adapted to the symbiosis with army ants, in that their reproduction and larval development are synchronized with the stereotypical reproductive and behavioral cycles of their host colonies. Our approach can now be used to study army ant-symbiont communities more broadly, and to obtain novel insights into co-evolutionary and ecological dynamics in species-rich host-symbiont systems.
Island area, not isolation, drives taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of ants on land-bridge islands
<p><b>Aim:</b> To explore the impact of island area and isolation on multiple dimensions of ant biodiversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity) and the underlying processes of community assembly on islands.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Thousand Island Lake, Zhejiang, China, created by dam construction in 1959.</p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Ants.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We sampled ants on 33 islands, built a species-level phylogenetic tree and measured five morphological traits of all species collected to estimate taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity. We used multiple linear regression models and null models to examine the relationships between diversity metrics and island variables (area and isolation).</p> <p><b>Results</b>: We recorded 97 ant species on the study islands. We verified positive diversity–area relationships for species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity. However, although functional and phylogenetic community structure were indistinguishable from random communities, phylogenetic structure tended to be clustered, whereas functional structure tended to be over dispersed. Additionally, we found the structure of ant communities shifted from phylogenetic and functional clustering on smaller islands to phylogenetic and functional overdispersion on larger islands.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Our results support the hypothesis that environmental filtering is the dominant process structuring ant communities on smaller islands, and that competitive exclusion becomes more important on larger islands. Thus, island area acts as an important filter even though ant community structure on the study islands was indistinguishable from random communities. Moreover, our results show that environmental filtering influences phylogenetic community structure of ants, whereas competitive exclusion influences functional community structure of ants. These findings highlight the need to examine both phylogenetic and functional diversity in order to understand the mechanisms that govern the assembly of natural communities on islands.</p>
Figure 3 in The tight genome size of ants: diversity and evolution under ancestral state reconstruction and base composition
Figure 3. Mean genome size (in picograms and megabase pairs) estimated for Formicidae subfamilies. The phylogenetic tree generated in the present study was redrawn, with collapsed branches corresponding to species of the same subfamily.
Figure 2 in The tight genome size of ants: diversity and evolution under ancestral state reconstruction and base composition
Figure 2. Bayesian consensus tree resulting from the LW-Rh and Wg gene alignments (871 bp). Coloured dots on the branches indicate the values of posterior probability (PP): green dots represent values between 1.00 and 0.95, yellow dots between 0.94 and 0.90, and red dots ≤ 0.89. The nodes are indicated with numbers. Values above and below the branches represent the ancestral genome size (GS; 1C-values, in picograms) at particular nodes: in blue is the value generated by the maximum likelihood (ML) [asterisks are related to confidence interval (CI) values shown in Supporting Information, Table S4]; orange is the value generated by maximum parsimony (MP); and black, given below the branches, is the value generated by Bayesian inference (BI). Genome size data (1C-values) were obtained in the present work (pink dots) or taken from the literature (grey dots).
FIGURE 47 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 47. Distribution map of the species belonging to the trilobatus species group in Colombia. A. The dotted box shows the sympatric distribution between Tenedos trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002 and T. quimbaya sp. n., it is better represented in the figure B.
FIGURE 43 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 43. Tenedos chiribiquete sp. n. A−F. Male palp (IBSP 324945), SEM images: A. Ventral view. B. Median and appendix of conductor apophysis details. C. Retrolateral view. D. Retrolateral tibial apophysis. E. Proventral view. F. Prolateral view. Abbreviations: ApC, appendix of the conductor; C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; pRTA, posterior branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis; St, subtegulum. Scale bars: A, C, E, F: 0.3 mm; B, D: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 33 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 33. Tenedos huila sp. n. A−B. Male habitus (I IAvH-I-6166): A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C−D. Female habitus (IAvH-I-6168): C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A−D: 2.5 mm.
FIGURE 38 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 38. Tenedos valle sp. n. A−D. Male palp (IAvH-I-6128): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. E−F. Female epigynum (IAvH-I-6129): C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Scale bars: A−D: 0.8 mm; E−F: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 21 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 21. Tenedos quimbaya sp. n. A−B. Male habitus (ICN-Ar-12346): A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C−D. Female habitus (ICN-Ar-12348): C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A−D: 2 mm.
FIGURE 20 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 20. Tenedos figaro Jocqué & Baert, 2002. A−D. Male palp (FMNHINS 3479187): A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral view. C. Ventral view (arrow indicates the prolateral laminar projection of conductor). D. Retrodosal view. E. Proventral view (arrow indicates the prolateral laminar projection of conductor). F. Retroventral view (arrow indicates the prolateral laminar projection of conductor). G. Carapace anterior side, dorsal view. H. Idem, ventral view. I. Female epigynum, ventral view (FMNHINS 3821639. Scale bars: A−F: 0.5 mm; I: 1 mm.
FIGURE 18 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 18. Tenedos cumbre sp. n. A−D. Male palp (IAvH-I-6105): A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C−D. Female epigynum (IAvH-I-6106): C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; LB, lateral borders; MA, median apophysis; pRTA, posterior branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermathecae; SD, spermatic ducts; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis.
FIGURE 29 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 29. Tenedos gabi sp. n. A−B. Male habitus (MUSENUV 2257): A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C−D. Female habitus (MUSENUV 2430): C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A−D: 2.5 mm.
FIGURE 37 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 37. Tenedos valle sp. n. A−D. Male habitus (IAvH-I-6128): A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C−D. Female habitus (IAvH-I-6129): C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A−D: 2.5 mm.
FIGURE 26 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 26. Tenedos anchicaya sp. n. A−D. Male habitus (IAvH-I-6113): A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C−D. Female habitus (IAvH-I-6114): C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. Scale bars: A−D: 2.5 mm.
FIGURE 44. A in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 44. A comparative overview of the dorsal edge of palp of the trilobatus and species group showing the dorsal displacement of the posterior branch of retrolateral tibial apophysis. A. Tenedos trilobatus. B. T. cumbre sp. n. C. T. figaro. D. T. quimbaya sp. n. E. T. anchicaya sp. n. F. T. valle sp. n. G. T. huila sp. n. H. T. gabi sp. n. I. T. chiribiquete sp. n. Scale bars: A−I: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 15 in Revealing the diversity of ant-eating spiders in Colombia II: morphology, distribution, and taxonomy of the trilobatus group of the genus Tenedos O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 (Araneae: Zodariidae)
FIGURE 15. Tenedos trilobatus Jocqué & Baert, 2002. A−B. Male palp (IBSP 324932), SEM images: A. Prolateral view. B. Retroventral. Female genitalia (IAvH-I), SEM images: C. Dorsal view. D. Apical view. E. Bennett's glands pore. F. Posterior view. G. Fertilization duct. Scale bars: A−B: 0.2 mm; C−D, F: 0.1 mm; E: 0.005 mm; G: 0.001 mm. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; FD, fertilization ducts; LB, lateral borders; MA, median apophysis; MF, median field; S, spermathecae. Scale bars: A−B: 0.7 mm; C−D: 0.2 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.