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3,650 results for “antibody”
Data from: Maternally-derived anti-helminth antibodies predict offspring survival in a wild mammal
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">The transfer of antibodies from mother to offspring provides crucial protection against infection to offspring during early life. However, few studies have tested the consequences of variation in maternal antibody transfer for offspring fitness in the wild. Further, separating out the immunoprotective effects of antibodies from their association with nutritional resources provided by the mother is difficult. Here, we measured plasma levels of total and parasite-specific antibody levels in neonatal (<10 days old) wild Soay sheep over 25 years to quantify variation in maternal antibody transfer and test its association with offspring survival. Maternal antibody transfer was predicted by maternal age and previous antibody responses, and was consistent within mothers across years. Neonatal total IgG antibody levels were positively related to early growth, suggesting they reflected nutritional transfer. Neonatal parasite-specific IgG levels positively predicted first year offspring survival, independent of lamb weight, total IgG levels and subsequent lamb parasite-specific antibody levels. This relationship was in part mediated via an indirect negative association with parasite burden. We show that among-female variation in maternal transfer of immunity can have long-term effects on offspring growth, parasite burden and fitness in the wild, and is likely to impact naturally-occurring host and parasite dynamics.</p>
A novel TNFR2 agonist antibody expands highly potent regulatory T cells
<p>Regulatory T cells (T<sub>reg</sub> cells) restrict immune system activity, such as in response to self-antigens, and are switched on by tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2). Therapeutic activation of TNFR2, thereby expanding T<sub>reg</sub> cells and suppressing immune activity, may be beneficial to patients with various inflammatory diseases. Here, we characterized a new human TNFR2-directed antibody agonist isolated from mice. We found that the antibody agonist expanded the number of T<sub>reg</sub> cells within cultures of primary human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from healthy donors and patients with type 1 diabetes or Sézary syndrome. These T<sub>reg</sub> cells had increased metabolic gene expression and intracellular itaconate concentrations, characteristics associated with maximally suppressive, anti-inflammatory T<sub>reg</sub> cells. Furthermore, antibody-expanded T<sub>reg</sub> cells repressed the activity of primary human CD8<sup>+</sup> effector T cells (T<sub>eff</sub> cells). Epitope mapping suggested that the antibody bound to TNFR2 through a natural cross-linking surface and that T<sub>reg</sub> cell expansion was independent of the antibody Fc region. In addition, T<sub>reg</sub> cell expansion was not increased by adding either supplemental TNF ligand or a cross-linking reagent, suggesting that the antibody agonist by itself can elicit maximal activity, a notion that was confirmed by increased secretion of soluble TNFR2. Pending in vivo tests, these features indicate that this TNFR2 antibody agonist has the potential to safely and effectively treat various inflammatory disorders.</p>
Comparative evaluation of ten lateral flow immunoassays to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
<p><b>Background: </b>Rapid mobilisation from industry and academia following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to the development and availability of SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs). High-quality LFAs are urgently needed at the point of care to add to currently available diagnostic tools. In this study, we provide evaluation data for ten LFAs suitable for use at the point of care.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> COVID-19 positive patients (N=45), confirmed by reverse transcription – quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), were recruited through the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium - Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (ISARIC4C) study. Sera collected from patients with influenza A (N=20), tuberculosis (N=5), individuals with previous flavivirus exposure (N=21), and healthy sera (N=4), collected pre-pandemic, were used as negative controls. Ten LFAs manufactured or distributed by ASBT Holdings Ltd, Cellex, Fortress Diagnostics, Nantong Egens Biotechnology, Mologic, NG Biotech, Nal von Minden, and Suzhou Herui BioMed Co. were evaluated.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Compared to RT-qPCR, sensitivity of LFAs ranged from 87.0-95.7%. Specificity against pre-pandemic controls ranged between 92.0-100%. Compared to IgG ELISA, sensitivity and specificity ranged between 90.5-100% and 93.2-100%, respectively. Percentage agreement between LFAs and IgG ELISA ranged from 89.6-92.7%. Inter-test agreement between LFAs and IgG ELISA ranged between kappa=0.792-0.854.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>LFAs may serve as a useful tool for rapid confirmation of ongoing or previous infection in conjunction with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 in patients attending hospital. Impartial validation prior to commercial sale provides users with data that can inform best use settings.</p>
Data from: Human circulating antibody-producing B cell as a predictive measure of mucosal immunity to poliovirus
Background: The "gold standard" for assessing mucosal immunity after vaccination with poliovirus vaccines consists in measuring virus excretion in stool after challenge with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). This testing is time and resource intensive, and development of alternative methods is a priority for accelerating polio eradication. We therefore evaluated circulating antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) as a potential means to evaluate mucosal immunity to poliovirus vaccine. Methods: 199 subjects, aged 10 years, and previously immunized repeatedly with OPV, were selected. Subjects were assigned to receive either a booster dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), bivalent OPV (bOPV), or no vaccine. Using a micro-modified whole blood-based ELISPOT assay designed for field setting, circulating poliovirus type-specific IgA- and IgG-ASCs, including gut homing ?4?7+ ASCs, were enumerated on days 0 and 7 after booster immunization. In addition, serum samples collected on days 0, 28 and 56 were tested for neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3. Stool specimens were collected on day 28 (day of bOPV challenge), and on days 31, 35 and 42 and processed for poliovirus isolation. Results: An IPV dose elicited blood IgA- and IgG-ASC responses in 84.8 to 94.9% of subjects, respectively. In comparison, a bOPV dose evoked corresponding blood ASC responses in 20.0 to 48.6% of subjects. A significant association was found between IgA- and IgG-ASC responses and serum neutralizing antibody titers for poliovirus type 1, 2, 3 (p<0.001). In the IPV group, ?4?7+ ASCs accounted for a substantial proportion of IgA-ASCs and the proportion of subjects with a positive ?4?7+ IgA-ASC response to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 was 62.7%, 89.8% and 45.8%, respectively. A significant association was observed between virus excretion and ?4?7+ IgA- and/or IgG-ASC responses to poliovirus type 3 among immunized children; however, only a weak association was found for type 1 poliovirus. Discussion: Our results suggest that virus-specific blood ASCs, especially for type 3 poliovirus, can serve as surrogate of mucosal immunity after vaccination. Further studies are needed to evaluate the duration of such memory responses and to assess the programmatic utility of this whole blood-based mucosal ASC testing for the polio eradication program.
Modelling the impact of antibody-dependent enhancement on disease severity of ZIKV and DENV sequential and co-infection
<p>Human infections with viruses of the genus <em>Flavivirus</em>, including dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), are of increasing global importance. Due to antibody dependent enhancement, secondary infection with one <em>Flavivirus</em> following primary infection with another {\it Flavivirus} can result in a significantly larger peak viral load with a much higher risk of severe disease. Although several mathematical models have been developed to quantify the virus dynamics in the primary and secondary infections of DENV, little progress has been made regarding secondary infection of DENV after a primary infection of ZIKV, or DENV-ZIKV co-infection. Here, we address this critical gap by developing compartmental models of virus dynamics. We first fitted the models to published data on dengue viral loads of the primary and secondary infections with the observation that the primary infection reaches its peak much more gradually than the secondary infection. We then quantitatively show that antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) is the key factor determining a sharp increase/decrease of viral load near the peak time in the secondary infection. In comparison, our simulations of DENV and ZIKV co-infection (simultaneous rather than sequential) show that ADE has very limited influence on the peak DENV viral load. This indicates pre-existing immunity to ZIKV is the determinant of a high level of ADE effect. Our numerical simulations show that 1) in the absence of ADE effect, a subsequent co-infection is beneficial to the second virus; 2) if ADE is feasible, then a subsequent co-infection can induce greater damage to the host with a higher peak viral load and a much earlier peak time for the second virus, and for the second peak for the first virus.</p>
Data from: Antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding and erythrocyte binding proteins predict risk of infection and are associated with protection from clinical malaria
Background. The Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP) is a key target of naturally acquired immunity. However, the functional receptor-binding region II of PvDBP (PvDBPII) is highly polymorphic. The natural acquisition of antibodies to different variants of PvDBPII, including AH, O, P and Sal1 alleles, the central region III-V, and P. vivax Erythrocyte Binding Protein region II (PvEBPII) and their associations with risk of clinical P. vivax malaria are not well understood. Methodology. Total IgG and IgG subclasses 1, 2, and 3 that recognize four alleles of PvDBPII (AH, O, P, and Sal1), PvDBPIII-V and region II of PvEBP (PvEBPII) were measured in samples collected from a cohort of Papua New Guinean (PNG) children of aged 1-3 years living in a highly endemic area of PNG. The levels of binding inhibitory antibodies (BIAbs) to PvDBPII (AH, O, and Sal1) were also tested in a subset of children. The association of presence of IgG with age, cumulative exposure (measured as the product of age and malaria infections during follow-up, i.e. molFOB) and prospective risk of clinical malaria were evaluated. Results. Increase in antigen-specific total IgG, IgG1, and IgG3 with age and cumulative exposure was only observed for PvDBPII AH and PvEBPII. High total IgG responders and IgG3 specific responses to the predominant PvDBPII AH allele, were associated with decreased incidence of clinical P. vivax episodes (aIRR=0.56-0.68, P=<0.001-0.021 ). High total IgG and IgG1 to PvEBPII correlated more strongly with protection against clinical vivax malaria compared with those of all PvDBPII variants (aIRR=0.38, P<0.001). Antibodies to PvDBPII AH and PvEBPII showed evidence of an additive effect, with a joint protective association of 70%. The six children with high levels of Binding Inhibitory Antibodies (BIAbs) to PvDBPII and high strain-transcending blocking ability (i.e. >80%) tended to have less clinical diseases (IRR=0.45, P=0.083). Conclusion. Antibodies to the key parasite invasion ligands PvDBPII and PvEBPII are good correlates of protection against P. vivax malaria in PNG. This further strengthens the rationale for inclusion of PvDBPII in a recombinant subunit vaccine for P. vivax malaria and highlights the need for further functional studies to determine the potential of PvEBPII as a component of a subunit vaccine for P. vivax malaria.
Data from: Functional antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites are associated with a longer time to qPCR-detected infection among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso
Background: Individuals living in malaria-endemic regions develop naturally acquired immunity against severe malarial disease, but it is unclear whether immunity that affects the establishment of infections develops following continuous natural exposure. Methods: We cleared schoolchildren in Burkina Faso of possible sub-patent infections and examined them weekly for incident infections by PCR. Plasma samples collected at enrolment were used to quantify antibodies to the pre-eryhrocytic-stage antigens circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and liver stage antigen. Sporozoite gliding inhibition by naturally acquired antibodies was assessed using Plasmodium falciparum NF54 sporozoites; hepatocyte invasion was assessed using the human HC-04 hepatoma cell line and NF54 sporozoites. The associations between these functional pre-erythrocytic immunity phenotypes and time to PCR-detected infection were studied. Results: A total of 51 children were monitored; the median time to first detection of infection by PCR or development of clinical symptoms was 28 days. Anti-CSP antibody titres showed a strong positive association with sporozoite gliding motility inhibition (P<0.0001, Spearman's ρ=0.76). In vitro hepatocyte invasion was inhibited by naturally acquired antibodies (median invasion inhibition, 19.4% [IQR 15.2-40.9%]), and there was a positive correlation between gliding and invasion inhibition (P=0.02, Spearman's ρ=0.60). Survival analysis indicated longer time to infection in individuals displaying higher-than-median sporozoite gliding inhibition activity (P=0.01). Conclusions: In summary, functional antibodies against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria infection are acquired in children who are repeatedly exposed to Plasmodium parasites. This immune response does not prevent them from becoming infected during a malaria transmission season, but might delay the appearance of blood stage parasitaemia and consequently needs to be considered in the evaluation of malaria vaccines.
Data from: Long antibody persistence and transgenerational transfer of immunity in a long-lived vertebrate
Although little studied in natural populations, the persistence of immunoglobulins may dramatically affect the dynamics of immunity and the ecology and evolution of host-pathogen interactions involving vertebrate hosts. By means of a multiple-year vaccination design against Newcastle disease virus, we experimentally addressed whether levels of specific antibodies can persist over several years in females of a long-lived procellariiform seabird—Cory's shearwater—and whether maternal antibodies against that antigen could persist over a long period in offspring several years after the mother was exposed. We found that a single vaccination led to high levels of antibodies for several years and that the females transmitted antibodies to their offspring that persisted for several weeks after hatching even 5 years after a single vaccination. The temporal persistence of maternally transferred antibodies in nestlings was highly dependent on the level at hatching. A second vaccination boosted efficiently the level of antibodies in females and thus their transfer to offspring. Overall, these results stress the need to consider the temporal dynamics of immune responses if we are to understand the evolutionary ecology of host-parasite interactions and trade-offs between immunity and other life-history characteristics, in particular in long-lived species. They also have strong implications for conservation when vaccination may be used in natural populations facing disease threats.
Data from: Non-clinical safety assessment of CFZ533, a Fc-silent anti-CD40 antibody, in Cynomolgus monkeys
CFZ533 is a pathway blocking, non-depleting anti-CD40 antibody that is in clinical development for inhibition of transplant organ rejection and therapy for autoimmune diseases. A 26-week GLP toxicity study in sexually mature Cynomolgus monkeys was conducted in order to support chronic application of CFZ533. CFZ533 was subcutaneously administered at doses up to 150 mg/kg/week and was safe and generally well tolerated. CFZ533 showed no adverse effects for cardiovascular, respiratory and neurobehavioral endpoints, and no changes were observed for blood lymphocyte and platelet counts or blood coagulation markers. In line with the non-depleting nature of CFZ533, CD20+ B cells in the blood were only marginally reduced. A complete suppression of germinal center (GC) development in lymph nodes and spleen was the most prominent result of post-mortem histological investigations. This was corroborated by an abrogated T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) to the antigen Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) as well as an absence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in the absence of B cell depletion as seen with immunophenotyping and histology. When serum levels of CFZ533 in recovery animals dropped levels necessary for full CD40 occupancy on B cells, all animals were able to mount a TDAR to KLH. All histological changes also reverted to normal appearance after recovery. In summary, CFZ533 was shown to be well tolerated and safe in the 26-week toxicity study with a distinct pharmacodynamic profile in histology and immune function.
A Chinese female Morvan patient with LGI1 and CASPR2 antibodies: a case report
<p>Video 1. shaking of the toes and myokymia of lower limbs.</p>
Simulated T-cells Rep-Seq datasets (called SIMTCR) from "Reconstructing antibody repertoires from error-prone immunosequencing datasets" paper
<p>Simulated test datasets used for benchmarking of immunorepertoire construction tools</p>
Simulated B-cells Rep-Seq datasets (called SIMULATED) from "Reconstructing antibody repertoires from error-prone immunosequencing datasets" paper
<p>Simulated test datasets used for benchmarking of immunorepertoire construction tools</p>
Structural Data for the Antibody Developability Manuscript: Cartography of Developability Landscapes in Native and Human-Engineered Antibodies
<p>Here is the additional structural data (predicted models and MD trajectories) for the "Cartography of the Developability Landscapes of Native and Human-Engineered Antibodies" manuscript. Please cite our paper when referring to and using this data. If you have any questions, please contact Eva Smorodina at ribes.ev@gmail.com. Thank you!</p>
Clinical data of patients and values of antibodies in the IgM, IgA and IgG classess against Mycoplasma pneumoniae
<p><span>Data on <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> infections during last years are very limited. In this manuscript, we presented the assessment of the seroprevalence of antibodies against <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> in the numerous group of patients, as well as clinical aspects of the differential diagnostics of respiratory tract infections.</span></p>
Underlying dataset for figures published in "A tool for evaluating heterogeneity in avidity of polyclonal antibodies"
<p>The dataset consists of all underlying data associated with Li et al. Front Immunol. 2023, 16;14:1049673. (doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1049673.). Each folder corresponds to data shown in a single figure, with the figure number indicated in the folder names. Please refer to the ReadMe.pdf for information on the content of the figure-specific folders.</p>
Antibody-Antigen Models for McCoy 2024 Paper: "A Comparison of Antibody-Antigen Complex Sequence-to-Structure Prediction Methods and their Systematic Biases"
<p>Up to the top 20 models generated for each method tested in the 2024 Paper: "A Comparison of Antibody-Antigen Complex Sequence-to-Structure Prediction Methods and their Systematic Biases"</p>
Polyfunctionality and breadth of HIV-1 antibodies are associated with delayed disease progression
<p><span>HIV-1 infection leads to chronic disease requiring life-long treatment and therefore alternative therapeutics, a cure and/or a protective vaccine are needed. Antibody-mediated effector functions could have a role in the fight against HIV-1. However, the properties underlying the potential beneficial effects of antibodies during HIV-1 infection are poorly understood. </span></p> <p><span>To identify a specific profile of antibody features associated with delayed disease progression, we studied antibody polyfunctionality during untreated HIV-1 infection in the well-documented Amsterdam Cohort Studies. Serum samples were analyzed from untreated individuals with HIV-1 at approximately 6 months (n = 166) and 3 years (n = 382) post-seroconversion (post-SC). A Luminex antibody Fc array was used to profile 15 different Fc features for serum antibodies against 20 different HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein antigens and the resulting data was also compared with data on neutralization breadth. </span></p> <p><span>We found that high HIV-1 specific IgG1 levels and low IgG2 and IgG4 levels at 3 years post-SC were associated with delayed disease progression. Moreover, delayed disease progression was associated with a broad and polyfunctional antibody response. Specifically, the capacity to interact with all Fc γ receptors (FcγRs) and C1q, and in particular with FcγRIIa, correlated positively with delayed disease progression. There were strong correlations between antibody Fc features and neutralization breadth and several antibody features that were associated with delayed disease progression were also associated with the development of broad and potent antibody neutralization. </span></p> <p><span>In summary, we identified a strong association between broad, polyfunctional antibodies and delayed disease progression. These findings contribute new information for the fight against HIV-1, especially for new antibody-based therapy and cure strategies. </span></p>
Dataset: Prevalence of Antibodies Against Dengue Virus in Buenos Aires
<p>This anonymized dataset was collected as part of the study titled "Prevalence of Antibodies Against Dengue Virus in Buenos Aires: Results of a Probabilistic Population Survey." It contains data on the prevalence of antibodies against dengue virus in the general population of Buenos Aires, obtained through a representative probabilistic survey. The dataset includes basic demographic variables, serological results (IgG and IgM), and other related characteristics. All personal identifiers have been removed to ensure participant privacy. This dataset aims to support analysis and reproducibility of the published findings</p>
Antibody Molecular Dynamics
<p>Antibody Molecular Dynamics. By Victor Padilla Sanchez, PhD Email: drvictorpadilla@aol.com Website: https://www.drvictorpadillasanchez.com</p>
Isolating human monoclonal antibodies against adeno-associated virus from donors with pre-existing immunity
<p>With the advent of single B-cell cloning technology, we can isolate antibodies against virtually any antigen to study the interaction of a given pathogen with the immune system and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Antibodies directed against the capsid of adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are a significant obstacle to effectively leveraging AAV as a gene-delivery vector in seropositive individuals. In order to design next-generation vectors that can evade neutralization by these antibodies, studies have mapped the epitopes of mousemonoclonal antibodies generated by immunization with AAV. Although these studies provide critical information regarding capsid immunogenicity, they cannot address (1) differences in the antibody repertoire generated in humans following AAV natural infection; or (2) how reactions can vary when generated in response to vector administration. Here, we isolated and evaluated a panel of novel, fully human anti-AAV antibodies by cloning single memory B cells from a seropositive normal donor. We have validated the utility of this approach to study AAV immunology. Our goal is to leverage this knowledge to design novel AAV variants that can effectively transduce target tissues in individuals with AAV-neutralizing antibodies.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.