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1,213 results for “biodiversity hotspots”
FIGURE 13 in Biodiversity, conservation, and hotspot atlas of Costa Rica: a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
FIGURE 13. Map showing conservation priority zones in Costa Rica based on the analysis of the Scarabaeinae and their overlap with the established protected areas (see text of GIS Analysis in Materials and Methods for priority zone explanations). Divortium aquarum = watershed divide.
Figure 8 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 8. Vegetation predictors of the pimpline community across traps (n = 30). (a) Epiphyte density against log richness; (b) herb ground cover against the log of inverse Simpson's Index of Diversity;
Figure 7 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 7. Pimplinae community composition, as measured by the first axis of a Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS1, see Figure 6) across sampling sites (n = 15), against the first Principal Component (PC1) of the habitat variables at those sites (see Table 4). The line is the linear regression (±95% CI in gray). The figure demonstrates that pimpline community composition is very strongly associated with differences in habitat characteristics across sites.
Figure 6 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 6. An ordination using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the pimpline community at the site level. Black numbers and points indicate the 15 sampling sites, going from the bottom of the mountain (1) to the top (15). Species are in gray, small lettering.
Figure 4 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 4. Pimplinae wasp community metrics against elevation (altitude) across 30 traps. (a) Abundance; (b) Log10 Species Richness; (c) Log10 Simpson's Index (1/D); and (d) Shannon Index. Lines are the equations of the polynomial linear model in Table 2 with the lowest AICc, ±95%CI; (a,b): cubic models (c,d): quadratic models.
Figure 2 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 2. Some of the Pimplinae wasp species sampled (all are females). (a) Dolichomitus megalourus (scale bar 4 mm), 10 individuals sampled; (b) Neotheronia charli (scale bar 1 mm), 24 individuals sampled; (c) Neotheronia sp. 6 (scale bar 1 mm), 26 individuals sampled; (d) Pimpla caerulea (scale bar 1 mm), 447 individuals sampled; (e) Polysphincta organensis (scale bar 2 mm), 19 individuals sampled; and (f) Polysphincta teresa (scale bar 2 mm), 8 individuals sampled.
Figure 3 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 3. Species richness of pimplines against sampling intensity. (a) Estimates of total species richness against number of traps sampled (filled circles: observed data; open circles: bootstrap; diamonds: first-order jackknife; triangles: Chao; squares: second-order jackknife); (b) site-level rarefaction (±SD); (c) trap-level rarefaction (±SD); (d) mean individual-level rarefaction for the whole data (top line) and altitudinally-zoned subsets (from top to bottom, 332–549 m, 703–887 m, 952–1071 m, 110–150 m, and 1236–1482 m, which are superimposed, 1649–1812 m and 1935–2169 m), points are literature-based data covering the same span of sampling intensities for comparison from [45]. Note the log scale on the y-axis.
Figure 1 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 1. (a) Location of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (gray shaded area), a protected tropical Atlantic Rain Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. (b) Map of the 15 study sites and their respective altitudes along the elevational gradient in the Park, where four different phytophysiognomies are observed: (c) lower montane forest (up to 500 m), which presents a 20 m high canopy but normally no other well-defined forest layers; (d) montane forest (500 m to 1500 m), with its clear stratification into arboreal, shrub, and herb layers, and large emergent trees reaching 40 m covered with abundant lianas and epiphytes; (e) high montane forest (1500 m to 2000 m) with smaller trees of up to 10 m covered with mosses and epiphytes, and great diversity of shrubs; and (f) high-altitude grassland, also known as campos de altitude (above 2000 m), dominated by herbal vegetation growing around rocks and scattered shrubs.
Figure 5. Pimplinae wasp community metrics against mean monthly temperature across 15 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation
Figure 5. Pimplinae wasp community metrics against mean monthly temperature across 15 sites. (a) Abundance; (b) Log10 Species Richness; (c) Log10 Simpson's Index (1/D); and (d) Shannon Index. Lines are the equations of the model in Table 3 ± 95%CI. (a) cubic model; (b,d) quadratic models; and (c): linear model.
Pseudocongruent phylogeography reflects unique responses to environmental perturbations in a biodiversity hotspot
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Comparative phylogeographic studies provide important insights into the biogeographical processes shaping regional patterns of diversity. Yet, comparative studies are lacking for southern African herpetofauna, despite their high diversity. We statistically compare phylogeographic structure and divergence-time estimates among five co-distributed forest-living herpetofaunal taxa to assess rivers, climatic refugia, and climatic gradients as congruent drivers of phylogeographic diversity. <strong>Location:</strong> Maputoland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot, Southern Africa. <strong>Taxon: </strong>herpetofauna (reptiles and amphibians). <strong>Methods:</strong> Phylogeographic structure and divergence-times within species were estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Phylogeographic concordance factors were used to estimate the degree of phylogeographic congruence among sympatric localities. Full-likelihood Bayesian comparisons were used to estimate synchronous divergence between phylogeographic regions and across a putative river barrier. Paleoclimatic niche models were compared among taxa to identify congruent climatic refugia. Non-parametric statistics were used to identify climatic differences between regions and among populations within each species. Finally, redundancy analyses were used to assess geographic distance, climate, and the putative river barrier as explanatory variables to genetic diversity. <strong>Results: </strong>There is comprehensive phylogeographic structuring within each species, comprising distinct northerly and southerly clades. Phylogeographic concordance factors generally support co-diversification in a north/south axis. Yet, analyses of the divergence-time estimates through the Mio/Plio/Pleistocene indicate asynchronous phylogeographic histories. Climatic niche models identified idiosyncratic responses to paleoclimatic change. Climatic variables are significantly different among populations in all species and correlated with latitude. A combined model of distance, climate, and rivers explained the greatest proportion of genetic diversity in most taxa, of which climate explained the highest variance. <strong>Main Conclusions: </strong>Ancient and recent species-specific responses to climatic and geological processes resulted in pseudo-congruent phylogeographic histories among the five co-distributed species. The presence of a congruent north/south pattern in multiple taxonomic groups occupying different forested microhabitats, from fossorial to arboreal, supports latitudinal gradients as global drivers of phylogeographic diversity along the east coast of South Africa.</p>
Figure 4 in Faunistic analysis of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas: biodiversity hotspots of Brazil
Figure 4. Diversity estimates based on Hill's series (1973), for the phytophysiognomies freshwater swamp forests (MDB), cerradão (CER) and semidecidual seasonal forest (FES), present in the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru, SP (p <0.05). q = 0: species richness; q = 1: estimate of abundant species; q = 2: estimate of dominant species.
Figure 6 in Faunistic analysis of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas: biodiversity hotspots of Brazil
Figure 6. Cumulative richness of Cerambycidae species collected in the phytophysiognomies freshwater swamp forests (MDB), cerradão (CER) and semideciduous seasonal forest (FES). (a) Cumulative richness of MDB; (b) cumulative richness of CER; (c) cumulative richness of FES; (d) total cumulative richness.
Figure 3 in Faunistic analysis of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas: biodiversity hotspots of Brazil
Figure 3. Correlation between abundance of Cerambycidae and climatic variables in the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru. (a) Correlation between abundance and average temperature; (b) correlation between abundance and accumulated precipitation. Source: UNESP Bauru Meteorological Institute (2021).
Figure 2 in Faunistic analysis of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas: biodiversity hotspots of Brazil
Figure 2. Seasonality for Cerambycidae species in the phytophysiognomies freshwater swamp forests (MDB), cerradão (CER) and semidecidual seasonal forest (FES), present in the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru, from October 2019 to September 2020.
Figure 1 in Faunistic analysis of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas: biodiversity hotspots of Brazil
Figure 1. New records of Cerambycidae species for São Paulo state, Brazil. (a) Eburodacrys elegantula Gounelle, 1909; (b) Compsibidion maronicum (Thomson, 1867); (c) Macroeme sobrina (Gounelle, 1909); (d) Acorethra aureofasciata Gounelle, 1911; (e) Eclipta nigriventris (Melzer, 1934); (f) Eclipta seminigra (Gounelle, 1911); (g) Odontocera albicans (Klug, 1825); (h) Ceralocyna militaris (Gounelle, 1911); (i) Aegoschema migueli Monné and Mermudes, 2007. Scale bar, 5mm.
Figure 5 in Faunistic analysis of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest areas: biodiversity hotspots of Brazil
Figure 5. Cluster similarity analysis for the phytophysiognomies freshwater swamp forests (MDB), cerradão (CER) and semideciduous seasonal forest (FES), present in the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru, based on species composition.
Supplementary material 1 from: Mumladze L, Kuljanishvili T, Japoshvili B, Epitashvili G, Kalous L, Vilizzi L, Piria M (2022) Risk of invasiveness of non-native fishes in the South Caucasus biodiversity and geopolitical hotspot. In: Giannetto D, Piria M, Tarkan AS, Zięba G (Eds) Recent advancements in the risk screening of freshwater and terrestrial non-native species. NeoBiota 76: 109-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.76.82776
Combined AS-ISK report including the 96 screenings for the 32 fish species screened for the South Caucasus
FIGURE 6 in Molecular phylogeny reveals strong biogeographic signal and two new species in a Cape Biodiversity Hotspot endemic mini-radiation, the pygmy geckos (Gekkonidae: Goggia)
FIGURE 6. Holotype of Goggia matzikamaensis sp. nov., MCZ R-192186, (A) dorsal view, (B), ventral view, depicting coloration in preservative.
FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogeny reveals strong biogeographic signal and two new species in a Cape Biodiversity Hotspot endemic mini-radiation, the pygmy geckos (Gekkonidae: Goggia)
FIGURE 5. Head scalation in Goggia incognita sp. nov., CAS 224022 (A) vs. Goggia lineata, CAS 85927 (B) and MCZ R- 45427 (C). Note smaller snout and crown scales in G. lineata.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular phylogeny reveals strong biogeographic signal and two new species in a Cape Biodiversity Hotspot endemic mini-radiation, the pygmy geckos (Gekkonidae: Goggia)
FIGURE 3. Bayesian phylogeny of Goggia, based on analysis of ND2, RAG1, and PDC nucleotide sequence data. Branch support values (Bayesian/ML) are listed for all interspecific and major intraspecific nodes. The most distant outgroup, Phyllodactylus xanti, is omitted for clarity.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.