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Figure 1 in Solanum Perlongistylum and S. Catilliflorum, New Endemic Peruvian Species of Solanum, Section Basarthrum, Are Close Relatives of the Domesticated Pepino, S. Muricatum
Figure 1. Photographs of Solanum perlongistylum (A–D) and S. catilliflorum (E–H). —A. Flowers. —B. Form. —C. Fruits. —D. Field habit. —E. Flowers. —F. Form. —G. Fruits. —H. Field habit. Scale as indicated, except for the fruits (C & G), where each square is 10 × 10 mm.
Pollinator sharing, copollination, and speciation by host shifting among six closely related dioecious fig species
<p>The obligate pollination mutualism between figs (<em>Ficus</em>, Moraceae) and pollinator wasps (<span>Agaonidae, Hymenoptera</span>) is a classic example of cospeciation. However, examples of phylogenetic incongruencies between figs and their pollinators suggest that pollinators may speciate by host shifting. To investigate the mechanism of speciation by host shifting, we examined the phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structures of six closely related fig species and their pollinators from southern China and Taiwan-Ryukyu islands using various molecular markers. The results revealed 1) an extraordinary case of pollinator sharing, in which five distinct fig species share a single pollinator species in southern China; 2) two types of copollination, namely, sympatric copollination by pollinator duplication or pollinator migration, and allopatric copollination by host migration and new pollinator acquisition; 3) fig species from southern China have colonized Taiwan repeatedly and one of these events has been followed by host shifting, host specificity reestablishment, and pollinator speciation, in order. Based on our results, we propose a model for pollinator speciation by host shifting in which reestablishment of host-specificity plays a central role in the speciation process. These findings provide important insights into understanding the mechanisms underlying pollinator speciation and host specificity in obligate pollination mutualism.</p>
FIGURE. Geographical distribution of Brongniartia alvarezii and B. variabilis, endemic to state of Guerrero (CNA 1998; INEGI 2018; INEGI 2016). in Two new closely related species of Brongniartia (Fabaceae, Faboideae) from the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero, México
FIGURE. Geographical distribution of Brongniartia alvarezii and B. variabilis, endemic to state of Guerrero (CNA 1998; INEGI 2018; INEGI 2016).
Distribution. Sula Is (Mangole), C Moluccas (Buru, Seram, and Ambon), Banda Is (Banda Neira), and Kai Is; there are specimens that likely represent this species or closely related undescribed species from the TanimbarIs. in Pteropodidae
Distribution. Sula Is (Mangole), C Moluccas (Buru, Seram, and Ambon), Banda Is (Banda Neira), and Kai Is; there are specimens that likely represent this species or closely related undescribed species from the TanimbarIs.
Supplementary material 1 from: Maurizi E, Campanaro A, Chiari S, Maura M, Mosconi F, Sabatelli S, Zauli A, Audisio P, Carpaneto GM (2017) Guidelines for the monitoring of Osmoderma eremita and closely related species. In: Carpaneto GM, Audisio P, Bologna MA, Roversi PF, Mason F (Eds) Guidelines for the Monitoring of the Saproxylic Beetles protected in Europe. Nature Conservation 20: 79-128. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.20.12658
Scheme of protocol suggested by MIPP to monitoring the O. eremita population and list of materials to building the pheromone traps, BCWT :
Few juveniles or males were collected. Only four males from groups 7, 8, 9, and 11, all in clade D, were included in the dataset. The male in Fig. 13E–H conforms to the general morphological description of males in Lobocriconema with an undifferentiated labial region, the absence of a stylet, a degenerate pharyngeal region, a FIGURE 7. SEM images of specimens representing clades D (A–H) and B (I). NID numbers are associated with unique specimens, all are females except image C. A) Lobocriconema sp., face view with conspicuous labial disc surrounded by irregular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. B) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, NID 4560. C) Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, head with visible submedian lobes, body scales with fine terminal projections, Spring Creek Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4514. D) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4527 E) Lobocriconema sp., cephalic profile with protruding stylet, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4529. F) Lobocriconema sp., head profile lacking submedian lobes, Tunica Hills, Louisiana, NID 4574. G) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. H) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4526. I) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Purchase Knob, NID 4570. in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions
Few juveniles or males were collected. Only four males from groups 7, 8, 9, and 11, all in clade D, were included in the dataset. The male in Fig. 13E–H conforms to the general morphological description of males in Lobocriconema with an undifferentiated labial region, the absence of a stylet, a degenerate pharyngeal region, a FIGURE 7. SEM images of specimens representing clades D (A–H) and B (I). NID numbers are associated with unique specimens, all are females except image C. A) Lobocriconema sp., face view with conspicuous labial disc surrounded by irregular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. B) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, NID 4560. C) Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, head with visible submedian lobes, body scales with fine terminal projections, Spring Creek Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4514. D) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4527 E) Lobocriconema sp., cephalic profile with protruding stylet, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4529. F) Lobocriconema sp., head profile lacking submedian lobes, Tunica Hills, Louisiana, NID 4574. G) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. H) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4526. I) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Purchase Knob, NID 4570.
FIGURE 2 in Relocation of Alona manueli Sinev & Zawisza 2013 and a new closely related species from the Ecuadorian Andes to the new genus Alpinalona (Cladocera, Chydoridae, Aloninae)
FIGURE 2. Alpinalona cajasi sp. nov. from the Cajas National Park, Azuay Province, Ecuador. A–H, adult parthenogenetic female. A, limb I. B, limb II. C, exopodite of limb III. D-E, inner portion of limb III. F, inner portion of limb IV. G, exopodite of limb IV. H, limb V. I, ventral margin, IDL and copulatory hook of limb I of adult male.
FIGURE 1 in Relocation of Alona manueli Sinev & Zawisza 2013 and a new closely related species from the Ecuadorian Andes to the new genus Alpinalona (Cladocera, Chydoridae, Aloninae)
FIGURE 1. Alpinalona cajasi sp. nov. from the Cajas National Park, Azuay Province, Ecuador. A-I, adult parthenogenetic female. A, habitus. B, left valve. C, posteroventral angle of valve. D, marginal setae of anterior part of valve. E, head shield. F, head pores and posterior margin of head shield. G, labrum. H, antennule. I, left antenna.
FIGURE 3 in Relocation of Alona manueli Sinev & Zawisza 2013 and a new closely related species from the Ecuadorian Andes to the new genus Alpinalona (Cladocera, Chydoridae, Aloninae)
FIGURE 3. Alpinalona cajasi sp. nov. from the Cajas National Park, Azuay Province, Ecuador. A–B, adult parthenogenetic female postabdomen. C, ephippial female. D, adult male. E, adult male postabdomen. E, adult male antennule. Limb II triangle-rounded (Fig. 3B). Exopodite elongated, of irregular shape, with short seta.
FIGURE 7. Comparison concatenated tree ITS2 – 28S rDNA D2 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 7. Comparison concatenated tree ITS2 – 28S rDNA D2 (UPGMA) produced from the nucleotide sequences (A), cluster analysis of the Mahalanobis distance (UPGMA) calculated from the shape of the wings components (B). (DAAP = Doryctobracon areolatus from Amapá, DAGO = D. areolatus from Goiás, DATO = D. areolatus from Tocantins, DASP = D. areolatus from São Paulo, YSAP = Doryctobracon whartoni sp. nov. (yellow stigma) from Amapá; BSAP = Doryctobracon adaimei sp. nov. (brown stigma) from Amapá, BSGO = D. adaimei sp. nov. from Goiás, BSTO = D. adaimei sp. nov. from Tocantins.
FIGURE 3 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 3. Fore wing. (A) Doryctobracon whartoni sp. nov. (yellow stigma); (B) Doryctobracon adaimei sp. nov. (brown stigma).
FIGURE 8 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 8. Phylogeny reconstruction for Doryctobracon species inferred by using the maximum likelihood and Neighborjoining methods using sequences from the molecular markers ITS2 (A), 28S-D2 (B) and their concatenated sequences (C). ML tree with the highest log likelihood (-1065.5986) and the optimal NJ tree with the sum of branch length (=0.13197667) shown for the ITS2 sequences were based on the Tamura 3-parameter model (Tamura, 1992); ML tree with the highest log likelihood (-719.5043) and the optimal NJ tree with the sum of branch length (=0.11870754) shown for the 28S-D2 sequences were based on the Tamura 3-parameter model; the ML tree with the highest log likelihood (-1598.9138) and the optimal NJ tree with the sum of branch length (=0.076130) for the concatenated ITS2 and 28S-D2 sequences was based, respectively, on the Tamura 3- parameter model+G (=0.1096)+I (=0.001%) and Tamura 3-parameter model+G (=0.1).
FIGURE 4 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 4. Doryctobracon whartoni sp. nov. head, front view (A), mesosoma, smooth notaulices, dorsal view (B), head and mesosoma, smooth mesopleura (C), setaceous propodeum, dorsal view (D), ovipositor apex (E), pattern of ovipositor sheath bristles (F).
FIGURE 2 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 2. Landmarks on fore wing of Doryctobracon areolatus. 1. base of vein costal; 2. Intersection of the parastigma, 1RS and wing margin; 3. Intersection of the end of stigma and R1a; 4. Intersection of the radial sector 3RSb and wing margin; 5. Intersection of vein 3M and wing margin; 6. Intersection of vein 3CU and wing margin; 7. Intersection of vein 3-1A and wing margin; 8. Intersection of the veins 3-1A and 2cu-a; 9. Intersection of the veins 2CUa, 3CU and 2cu-a; 10. Intersection of the veins 1-1A, 1cu-a and 2-1A; 11. Intersection of the veins 1-1A and base of wing; 12. Intersection of the veins M+CU, 1M and 1CU; 13. Intersection of the veins M+CU, 1cu-a and 1CU; 14 Intersection of the veins 2CUa, 1CU and 1m-cu; 15. Intersection of the veins 2M, r-m and 3M; 16. Intersection of the veins 1m-cu, (RS+M)a, 2RS and 2M; 17. Intersection of the veins 1M, (RS+M)a and 1RS; 18. Intersection of the veins 3RSa, 3RSb and r-m; 19. Intersection of the veins 3RSa, r and 2RS; 20. Intersection of the vein r and base of stigma (venational terminology according to Sharkey & Wharton 1997).
FIGURE 6 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 6. Dispersion graphic of Doryctobracon areolatus males and females from Amapá (DAAP), Tocantins (DATO), Goiás (DAGO) and São Paulo (DASP); Doryctobracon whartoni sp. nov. yellow stigma, Amapá (YSAP); Doryctobracon adaimei sp. nov. brown stigma, Amapá (BSAP) and Goiás (BSGO) in the bidimensional space of canonical variables VC1 and VC2. The deformations diagrams indicate the presumable wing conformations for individuals in the superior and inferior ends of the canonical variables. Deformation magnitudes were amplified 3x for visualization.
FIGURE 1 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 1. Chromatic variation on the wings and legs. Doryctobracon areolatus (A-A2), Doryctobracon whartoni sp. nov. (yellow stigma – YS) (B-B2), Doryctobracon adaimei sp. nov. (Goiás) (C-C2), D. adaimei sp. nov. (Tocantins) (D-D2), D. adaimei sp. nov. (Amapá) (brown stigma – BS) (E-E2). (the figures are not on the same scale).
FIGURE 5 in Description of two new species closely related to Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), based on morphometric and molecular analyses
FIGURE 5. Doryctobracon adaimei sp. nov. head, front view (A), mesosoma smooth notaulices, dorsal view (B), head and mesosoma smooth mesopleura (C), propodeum, dorsal view (D), dorsal view of the petiole (E), modified spiracle (F), ovipositor apex (G), pattern of ovipositor sheath bristles (H).
Figs 79–92 in Comparative analysis of male calling signals in closely related species of Macropsis Lewis, 1836 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Macropsini) reveals possible ways of evolution of the signal temporal pattern
Figs 79–92. Oscillograms of male calling signals: 79–82 — Evacanthus asiaticus; 83–88 — Limotettix (Scleroracus) russeolus; 89–92 — Hephathus nanus. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "86–88" and "91–92" are given under the same numbers. Рис. 79–92. Осциллограммы приЗывных сигналов: 79–82 — Evacanthus asiaticus; 83–88 — Limotettix (Scleroracus) russeolus; 89– 92 — Hephathus nanus. Фрагменты сигналов, обоЗначенные цифрами "86–88" и "91–92", представлены на осциллограммах под такими же номерами.
Figs 64–78 in Comparative analysis of male calling signals in closely related species of Macropsis Lewis, 1836 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Macropsini) reveals possible ways of evolution of the signal temporal pattern
Figs 64–78. Oscillograms of male calling signals: 64–65 — Handianus fartilis; 66–69 — Aconurella diplachnis; 70–78 — Fangamanus tripunctatus. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "67–69" and "74–78" are given under the same numbers. Рис. 64–78. Осциллограммы приЗывных сигналов: 64–65 — Handianus fartilis; 66–69 — Aconurella diplachnis; 70–78 — Fangamanus tripunctatus. Фрагменты сигналов, обоЗначенные цифрами "67–69" и "74–78", представлены на осциллограммах под такими же номерами.
Figs 54–63 in Comparative analysis of male calling signals in closely related species of Macropsis Lewis, 1836 (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Macropsini) reveals possible ways of evolution of the signal temporal pattern
Figs 54–63. Oscillograms of male calling signals: 54–57 — Macropsis megerlei; 58–63 — M. ornata. Faster oscillograms of the parts of signals indicated as "56–57" and "61–63" are given under the same numbers. Рис. 54–63. Осциллограммы приЗывных сигналов: 54–57 — Macropsis megerlei; 58–63 — M. ornata. Фрагменты сигналов, обоЗначенные цифрами "56–57" и "61–63", представлены на осциллограммах под такими же номерами.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.