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FIGURE 6 in Solving the cryptic diversity of the genus Manerebia Staudinger in northern Peru description of new species and considerations on the biogeographical role of the Huancabamba Deflection (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Pronophilina)

FIGURE 6. Male genitalia (top—lateral view, middle—plan view, bottom—aedeagus extracted, lateral view) A. M. granatus n. sp. Peru, Rodríguez de Mendoza, prep. genit. KF-2736 B. M. placida n. sp. Ecuador, Zamora, prep. genit. KW-20-021 C. M. benigni tessmanni, Peru, Alto Río Nieva, prep. genit. KF-H_241 D. M. benigni tessmanni, Ecuador, Río Troya, prep. genit. KF-6282

FIGURE 4 in Solving the cryptic diversity of the genus Manerebia Staudinger in northern Peru description of new species and considerations on the biogeographical role of the Huancabamba Deflection (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Pronophilina)

FIGURE 4. Adults (left—dorsum, right—venter) A. M. granatus n. sp. ♂ Holotype, Ecuador, Paquisha Alto B. M. granatus n. sp. ♂ Paratype, Peru, Alto Río Nieva C. M. granatus n. sp.♀, Ecuador, San Andrés D. M. placida n. sp. ♂ Holotype, Ecuador, Zamora - Arcoiris

FIGURE 2 in Solving the cryptic diversity of the genus Manerebia Staudinger in northern Peru description of new species and considerations on the biogeographical role of the Huancabamba Deflection (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Pronophilina)

FIGURE 2. Adults (left—dorsum, right—venter) A. M. prattorum udima n. ssp. ♂ Paratype, Peru, vía Hacienda Udima B. M. prattorum udima n. ssp. ♀ Paratype, Peru, vía Hacienda Udima C. M. inducta n. sp. ♂ Holotype, Peru, Lagunas Arrebiatadas D. M. inducta n. sp. ♀ Paratype, Ecuador, Jimbura —San Andrés road

FIGURE 1 in Solving the cryptic diversity of the genus Manerebia Staudinger in northern Peru description of new species and considerations on the biogeographical role of the Huancabamba Deflection (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Pronophilina)

FIGURE 1. Adults (left—dorsum, right—venter) A. M. ronda n. sp.♂ Holotype, Peru, Laguna Salahuindo B. M. ronda n. sp.♀ Paratype, Peru, Laguna Salahuindo C. M. ronda amplia n. ssp. ♂ Holotype, Peru, Kañaris D. M. rufanalis (?) ♂, Peru, Hacienda Udima

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Cryptic diversity on cliffs: Aster sanqingensis, a new species of Asteraceae from Eastern China

It is generally believed that cliffs bear low biodiversity because of its harsh habitats. However, another reason, i.e. insufficient investigation caused by the inaccessibility of the cliffs, could not be excluded. In the genus Aster, two cliff species, Aster fanjingshanicus and Aster tianmenshanensis, respectively growing on the slate and limestone cliffs, were established. During our extensive field investigations, the third cliff species of Aster growing on granite cliffs from Eastern China was found. Based on the evidence from molecular phylogeny, morphology, and micro-morphology, we proposed that it should be treated as a new species and named Aster sanqingensis. It is described and illustrated here. Considering its limited number of individuals, highly localized distribution, and disturbed habitat, we proposed to treat it as a critically endangered species. Our new finding indicates there is cryptic biodiversity on the cliffs remaining to be discovered.

FIG. 4 in Towards Navigating the Minotaur's Labyrinth: Cryptic Diversity and Taxonomic Revision within the Speciose Genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae)

FIG. 4. Morphological comparisons of the frontal sacs and noseleaves in A — Macronycteris commersonii (FMNH 213588, ♀), Madagascar, Province d'Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d'Ankarana [now Parc National], near Andrafiabe Cave, 31 October 2010; B — M. gigas (FMNH 128212, ♀), Senegal, Casmance, Diabane, 12 km SW of Adeane, 15 January 1983; C — M. vittatus (FMNH 192800, ♀, sequenced for Cyt-b), Tanzania, Pemba Island, Kaskazini Region, Micheweni District, Kilijini Village, 3 August 2006; and D — Doryrhina cyclops (FMNH 164973), Uganda, Masindi District, Budongo Forest, 25 June 1998. The form of M. cryptovalorona is similar to M. commersonii and no comparative specimen material was available for M. thomensis. Drawing by Velizar Simeonovski

FIG. 3 in Towards Navigating the Minotaur's Labyrinth: Cryptic Diversity and Taxonomic Revision within the Speciose Genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae)

FIG. 3. Time tree resulting from MCMCTREE analysis in PAML using the MrBayes topology shown in Fig. 1. The analysis was constrained using two calibrations, one applied to the root and a fossil calibration applied to the split between Rhinonicteris and Cloeotis (see Materials and Methods for details). Numbers at nodes are divergence time estimates in millions of years. 95% confidence intervals for each node are denoted by grey bars. See Table 1 for definitions of acronyms

FIG. 2 in Towards Navigating the Minotaur's Labyrinth: Cryptic Diversity and Taxonomic Revision within the Speciose Genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae)

FIG. 2. Resulting MrBayes tree from Bayesian analysis of the Cyt-b dataset under a GTR+G model of sequence evolution. The analysis was rooted using Doryrhina cyclops (not shown). Support values for both the ML and BA analysis are shown, with posterior probabilities converted to percentages. Clades referring to the commersonii species groups identified in Rakotoarivelo et al. (2015) are highlighted. Samples sequenced as part of this study, including a re-sequenced sample of H. vittatus FMNH 192857 from Pemba, are highlighted in bold. See Table 1 for definitions of acronyms. Where sampling sites are known for Malagasy samples, the site is given followed by the code MG to indicate Madagascar

FIG. 1 in Towards Navigating the Minotaur's Labyrinth: Cryptic Diversity and Taxonomic Revision within the Speciose Genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae)

FIG. 1. Phylogenetic tree inferred from Bayesian analysis in MrBayes from the ca. 3 kb nuclear intron dataset under a fully partitioned model. At each node nodal support is shown as bootstrap support from the RAxML analysis and posterior probabilities from the Bayesian analysis converted to percentages. Black squares denote highly supported nodes with bootstrap values of 100 for the ML analysis and a posterior probability of 1. Filled circles denote African species and open circles denote Asian taxa. '-' indicates that the relationship was not recovered in the ML analysis. See Systematic Summary for full description of the newly elevated genera Macronycteris and Doryrhina. See Table 1 for definitions of acronyms

Fig. 9 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 9. Time-calibrated phylogeny of Camponotini including all eight extant genera. The chronogram has been inferred using the fossilised birth–death model with 21 vetted fossil records and the constrained approach (Table 1), where we used a secondary calibration point (normal distribution, M = 51 and S = 5) for the most recent common ancestor of extant Camponotini lineages. The numbers at nodes reflect the posterior probabilities (support values). The generic images placed along the tree were taken for the specimens of the representative species collected in Klimes et al. (2015) or retrieved from AntWeb (Dinomyrmex, Opisthopsis).

Fig. 7 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 7. Distribution map of Overbeckia species records. In total, 17 records of the genus are mapped and revised to the species level of which 12 are reported here for the first time (see Results and Supplementary Table S2). Distribution by countries is coloured in pink, with the Singapore record of the types of O. subclavata scaled up to Malaysia. In Indonesia and Queensland, respectively nine and three sites are relatively nearby and hence appear clumped.

Fig. 5 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 5. Overbeckia papuana sp. nov. holotype (worker) and its lateral (a), frontal (b) and dorsal (c) views. Detail of head sculpture and shape of frontal carinae (d).

Fig. 4 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 4. Overbeckia jambiensis sp. nov. holotype (worker) and lateral (a), frontal (b) and dorsal (c) views. Detail of head sculpture and shape of frontal carinae (d). Note that the right antenna has been glued into the antennal socket.

Fig. 8 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 8. Variation in Overbeckia species occurrence across four vegetation types and two seasons in the EFForTS project (dry season, bars in red; wet season, bars in blue). Values on the y-axis show the number of cases in which the species occurred at least once in a subplot. In total, 19 individuals and 14 occurrences were found across 192 subplots sampled during dry and wet seasons (0.07% occupancy). At the level of different sites (forest plots), only 9 of 32 sampled here by canopy fogging were occupied by the genus.

Fig. 1 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 1. Overbeckia subclavata, non-type. Worker from Indonesia (specimen HJ.3.1) displaying the lateral (a), frontal (b) and dorsal (c) views. Detail of head sculpture and shape of frontal carinae (d). Note hind leg tibia and tarsi are missing (damaged).

Fig. 6 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 6. Overbeckia papuana sp. nov. paratypes (alates). Queen: lateral (a), dorsal (c) and frontal (e) views; male: lateral (b), dorsal (d) and frontal (f) views. Note that the petiole in queen (a) looks wider and blunter due to being bent to the right site (c).

Fig. 3 in Uncovering cryptic diversity in the enigmatic ant genus Overbeckia and insights into the phylogeny of Camponotini (Hymenoptera:Formicidae:Formicinae)

Fig. 3. Proventriculus of the ant genera Overbeckia (a), Calomyrmex (b), Echinopla (c) and Colobopsis (d). The darker flanges are sepals that are attached anteriorly to the tissues of the ant gut, whereas the convex light structure represents proventricular bulb that connects posteriorly to the stomodeal valve of the worker midgut. Note the posterior connection is broken here due to the removal of the structure from the gut of ant worker. The patterns reflect natural colouring of the structures.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Praz C, Genoud D, Vaucher K, Bénon D, Monks J, Wood TJ (2022) Unexpected levels of cryptic diversity in European bees of the genus Andrena subgenus Taeniandrena (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae): implications for conservation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91: 375-428. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.82761

Table S1. Specimens used in genetic analyses. The unique identifiers are identical to the Sample-ID on BOLD

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Figure 3 in Cryptic lineages, cryptic barriers: historical seascapes and oceanic fronts drive genetic diversity in supralittoral rockpool beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

Figure 3. Haplotype networks for COI and wingless for Ochthebius (Ochthebius) quadricollis. Colours represent the main geographic areas indicated in the legend.