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Constraining carbonate diagenesis using clumped isotope temperatures and U-Pb dating: a case study from the Gerze area in western central Tibet and implications for paleoelevation interpretations
<p>Data S1: clumped isotope data of new samples; Data S2: clumped isotope data of standards; and Data S32: carbonate LA-ICPMS U-Pb data</p>
Phylogenetic relationships and divergence dating of Mantodea using mitochondrial phylogenomics
<p>Mantodea is a predatory insect group, its members occupying a diverse array of widely distributed habitats. Praying mantis species utilize hunting strategies including remarkable mimicry and unique camouflage for hiding from natural enemies while catching their prey. The emergence of a "cyclopean ear" in mantises is thought to be a morphological innovation of the group, and an "arms race" with echolocating bats is one of the hypotheses put forward to account for the emergence of the mantis ear from a coevolutionary perspective. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested because of a lack of robust higher‐level phylogeny and a detailed chronogram of Mantodea. Previous phylogenetic studies found an incongruence between traditional classification and molecular phylogenetics due to the convergent evolution of various ecomorphic strategies of the lineage. Here, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Mantodea based on data from 61 mitogenomes. Our analyses showed that the monophyly of Acanthopidae, Haaniidae, Nanomantidae, Miomantidae and Mantidea was supported. The newly updated Gonypetidae were paraphyletic, whereas Eremiaphilidae, Deroplatyidae and Toxoderidae were polyphyletic. Our molecular dating analyses inferred that Spinomantodea originated at ca. 149 Ma (Late Jurassic), whereas the origin of hearing mantises (Cernomantodea) was inferred as Early Cretaceous (119 Ma, 95% CI: 110–129 Ma). The molecular dating results indicated that the hearing organ in mantises did not arise in response to bat predation. Our study provides a robust framework for further evolutionary comparative studies of mantises.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Authorship and date of publication of the name Scarabaeus stercorosus (currently Anoplotrupes stercorosus) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Geotrupidae)
FIGURE 1. Wrapper of the third issue of "Journal für die Liebhaber der Entomologie", held by the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich, Germany.
FIGURE 1. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date
FIGURE 1. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 from Russia, Tuva Republic, groundwater-fed flow-through pond in Hjut River floodplain. Parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, ventral margin of valves. C, anterior group of ventral setae. D, posterior group of ventral setae. E, posteroventral angle of valves. F, head pores. G, labrum. H, postabdomen. I, postanal margin of postabdomen. J, antennule. K, antenna. Adult male. L, lateral view. M, postabdomen. N, antennule.
FIGURE 3. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date
FIGURE 3. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 from Russia, Tuva Republic, groundwater-fed flow-through pond in Hjut River floodplain. Thoracic limbs of adult parthenogenetic female. A, limb I. B, setae a, b, d of limb I. C, ODL and IDL of limb I. D-E, limb II. F, exopodite of limb III. G, inner portion of limb III. H, exopodite of limb IV. I, inner portion of limb IV. J, limb V. K, limb VI. Adult male. L, limb I. M, copulatory hook of limb I.
FIGURE 5 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date
FIGURE 5. Distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999. The map is made based on the Marble Virtual Globe 2.2.0 available at https://marble.kde.org/.
FIGURE 2. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 in New data on morphology and distribution of Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999-the only Arcto-Alpine species of Chydoridae (Cladocera: Anomopoda) known to date
FIGURE 2. Alona werestschagini Sinev, 1999 from Chukotka Autonomous Area, Providenskii District, small tundra lake near Kivak settlement, Parthenogenetic female. A, head shield. B, head pores. Ephippial female. C, lateral view. Adult male. D, lateral view. E, head shield. F, head pores. G, postabdomen. H, antennule.
Dispersal and life history of brown widow spiders in dated invasive populations on two continents
<p>Theory and empirical work suggest that behaviours such as dispersal and exploration are predictors of invasive success, and that behaviours may shift predictably after invasive populations have established and spread. However, there are limited data on temporal patterns in the distribution of behavioural traits linked to the timeline of establishment of invasive species. We examine dispersal and exploration, along with life history traits that may be linked to behaviour, across multiple invasive populations of the brown widow spider (<i>Latrodectus geometricus</i>). This global invader has established populations across the United States and Israel. Using this temporal and spatial variation, we tested predictions about changes in suites of traits over establishment time. We compared trait distributions of four U.S. populations of <i>L. geometricus</i> to patterns in four populations in Israel. We predicted that selective filters during the invasion process would result in more dispersive, more exploratory spiders that are larger and more fecund in recently established populations, but, if tradeoffs occur, dispersal would be favoured at the expense of fecundity and size in recent populations. We found more frequent and faster dispersal in more recently established populations in Israel, but not the United States. Spiders in more recently established populations in Israel were larger than those in older populations, but there were no consistent patterns across U.S. populations. However, there was evidence in both the U.S. and Israel for differing tradeoffs among fecundity, dispersal, and size. In more recently-established populations, spiders had lower fecundity than expected based on body size, but were more variable in resource allocation to egg sacs. The results suggest that in some populations, trade-offs underlying dispersal, fecundity, and body size are shaped by the time interval, and thus the number of generations, since establishment, with implications for the role of evolutionary processes in invasion success.</p>
Figure 21 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 21. Dorsoposterior and lateral views of mesosoma. A, Holophris huberi; B, Parnopes grandior; C, E, Allocoelia capensis (Smith) (NHMUK 010576396); D, Caenochrysis nigropolita (Bischoff); F, Allocoelia emarginata Edney (NHMUK 010576397). Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A); 0.5 mm (B, D); 1 mm (C, E, F). Images of A. capensis and A. emarginata available under Creative Commons License 4.0. Natural History Museum: data.nhm.ac.uk. Arrowheads indicate morphological conditions coded as character-states.
Figure 19 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 19. Dorsal view of mesosoma. The axillae are colour-marked. A, Parnopes grandior (Pallas), male; B, Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron), female; C, Allocoelia emarginata Edney, female (NHMUK 010576397); D, Caenochrysis crotonis (Ducke), female. Scale bars (A, B, D): 0.5 mm; (C): 1 mm. Image of A. emarginata available under Creative Commons License 4.0. Natural History Museum: data.nhm.ac.uk. Arrowheads indicate morphological conditions coded as character-states.
Figure 18 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 18. Comparative phylogenetic hypotheses on the evolutionary relationships among tribes of the Chrysidinae cuckoo wasps obtained from different sources. A, B, cladistic morphology-based hypotheses. C, D, molecularbased hypotheses. The uncertain position of Allocoeliini is represented as '?' (the placement of this taxon was not inferred by Niehuis & Wägele, 2004).
Figure 17 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 17. Scanning electron microscopy images of morphological structures of head. A, clypeus and mandibles of Adelphe brasiliensis, male; B, clypeus of Pleurochrysis postica (Brullé); C, clypeus and mandibles of Elampus gayi (Spinola), female; D, clypeus and mandibles of Holopyga wagnerella du Buysson, female; E–H, anterior surface of mandibles: E, Caenochrysis nigropolita (Bischoff), female; F, Hedychridium periotoi Lucena, female; G, Muesebeckidium paraensis (Ducke), female; H, H. wagnerella, female. I–K, C. nigropolita, female, frontal view of scapal basin with the facial fovea shown in amplified views. Arrowheads indicate morphological conditions coded as character-states.
Figure 14 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 14. Lateral view of female metasoma. A, Cleptidea sp.; B, Adelphe sp.; C, Exallopyga guatemalensis (Cameron); D, Spintharina vagans Radoszkowski; E, Exochrysis spinigera (Spinola); F, Neochrysis carina (Brullé); G, Ipsiura myops (du Buysson); H, Chrysis brasiliensis Brullé; I, Stilbum cyanurum (Förster). Scale bars (A, B): 1 mm; (C–I): 0.5 mm.
Figure 12 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 12. Part of the maximum credibility Bayesian tree obtained from a combined analysis employing a relaxed morphological clock model with tip-dating. Phylogenetic relationships among representatives of Chrysidinae: Chrysidini partim. Character-state transformations (ChN, character; ChS, character state) are colour-coded with tagma as represented in the diagram on the bottom, and are depicted as solid (unequivocal changes) or empty (reversed or multiple changes) charts; mesosomal characters derived from legs and wings are depicted as rectangle and hexagon portrayals respectively; slow changes (DelTran optimization) are indicated by '+'.
Figure 10 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 10. Part of the maximum credibility Bayesian tree obtained from a combined analysis employing a relaxed morphological clock model with tip-dating. Phylogenetic relationships among representatives of Chrysidinae: Parnopini and Allocoeliini. Character state transformations (ChN, character; ChS, character state) are colour-coded with tagma as represented in the diagram on the top, and are depicted as solid (unequivocal changes) or empty (reversed or multiple changes) charts; mesosomal characters derived from legs and wings are depicted as rectangle and hexagon portrayals respectively; slow changes (DelTran optimization) are indicated by '+'. Fossil taxa are indicated by daggers. Phylogenetic relationships among Chrysidini species (Clade 5) are shown in detail in Figures 11–12.
Figure 8 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 8. Part of the maximum credibility Bayesian tree obtained from a combined analysis employing a relaxed morphological clock model with tip-dating. Phylogenetic relationships among representatives of Loboscediliinae and Amiseginae. Character-state transformations (ChN, character; ChS, character state) are colour-coded with tagma as represented in the diagram on the bottom, and are depicted as solid (unequivocal changes) or empty (reversed or multiple changes) charts; mesosomal characters derived from legs and wings are depicted as rectangle and hexagon portrayals respectively; slow changes (DelTran optimization) are indicated by '+'. Fossil taxa are indicated by daggers.
Figure 7 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 7. Part of the maximum credibility Bayesian tree obtained from a combined analysis employing a relaxed morphological clock model with tip-dating. Phylogenetic relationships among representatives of Cleptinae and extinct Chrysididae taxa. Character-state transformations (ChN, character; ChS, character state) are colour-coded with tagma as represented in the diagram on the bottom, and are depicted as solid (unequivocal changes) or empty (reversed or multiple changes) charts; mesosomal characters derived from legs and wings are depicted as rectangle and hexagon portrayals respectively; slow changes (DelTran optimization) are indicated by '+'. Fossil taxa are indicated by daggers. Phylogenetic relationships among other subfamilies of Chrysididae (Clades 2 and 3) are shown detail in Figures 8–12.
Figure 6. Maximum credibility Bayesian tree obtained from a in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 6. Maximum credibility Bayesian tree obtained from a combined analysis of a partitioned dataset of 300 morphological characters employing a relaxed morphological clock model with tip-dating. Character-state transformations (ChN, character; ChS, character state) are colour-coded with tagma as represented in the diagram on the bottom, and are depicted as solid (unequivocal changes) or empty (reversed or multiple changes) charts; mesosomal characters derived from legs and wings are depicted as rectangle and hexagon portrayals respectively; slow changes (DelTran optimization) are indicated by '+'. Fossil taxa are indicated by daggers. Phylogenetic relationships among Chrysididae (Clade 1) are shown in detail in Figures 7–12.
Figure 4 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 4. Chronogram for Chrysidinae, partim (Chrysididae) derived from a combined Bayesian analysis of a partitioned dataset of 300 morphological characters employing a relaxed morphological clock model with tip-dating. The chrysidine clade connects to the remaining tree of Chrysididae in Figure 3; phylogenetic relationships among the species of Chrysidini are shown in the Figure 5. Branch lengths are drawn proportional to time from the present (timescale on the bottom), highest posterior density (HPD) 95% intervals for the ages of select nodes are indicated by horizontal blue bars, and node support values correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities. Lowercase letters indicate clades of major interest (discussed in the text) with their respective estimated ages. Fossil taxa are indicated by daggers.
Figure 5 in Morphology and Bayesian tip-dating recover deep Cretaceous-age divergences among major chrysidid lineages (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Figure 5. Chronogram for Chrysidini (Chrysididae: Chrysidinae) derived from a combined Bayesian analysis of a partitioned dataset of 300 morphological characters employing a relaxed morphological clock model with tip-dating. The clade herein represented connects to the remaining tree of Chrysidinae in Figure 4. Branch lengths are drawn proportional to time from the present (timescale on the bottom), highest posterior density (HPD) 95% intervals for the ages of selected nodes are indicated by horizontal blue bars, and node support values correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities. Lowercase letters indicate clades of major interest (discussed in the text) with their respective estimated ages. Fossil taxa are indicated by daggers.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.