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FIGURES 31–40. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, female. 31. Postepigastric scutum, ventral view. 32. Same, posterior view. 33. Internal female genitalia, dorsal view. 34. Carapace, dorsal view. 35. Abdomen, dorsal view. 36. Sternum, ventral view. 37. Leg I, prolateral view. 38, 39. Genital area, ventral view. 40 in Got Males?: The Enigmatic Goblin Spider Genus Triaeris (Araneae, Oonopidae)
FIGURES 31–40. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, female. 31. Postepigastric scutum, ventral view. 32. Same, posterior view. 33. Internal female genitalia, dorsal view. 34. Carapace, dorsal view. 35. Abdomen, dorsal view. 36. Sternum, ventral view. 37. Leg I, prolateral view. 38, 39. Genital area, ventral view. 40. Same, dorsal view (figs. 37, 38 taken by Cristina Rheims).
FIGURES 16–30. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, female. 16. Leg I, prolateral view. 17. Patella and tibia I, same. 18. Leg II, same. 19 in Got Males?: The Enigmatic Goblin Spider Genus Triaeris (Araneae, Oonopidae)
FIGURES 16–30. Triaeris stenaspis Simon, female. 16. Leg I, prolateral view. 17. Patella and tibia I, same. 18. Leg II, same. 19. Claws of leg I, distal view. 20. Same, leg II. 21. Same, leg III. 22. Same, leg IV. 23. Claws of leg I, lateral view. 24. Same, leg II. 25. Same, leg III. 26. Same, leg IV. 27. Trichobothrial base from metatarsus I, dorsal view. 28. Palp, prolateral view. 29. Same, retrolateral view. 30. Palpal tibia, dorsal view.
Family Type, Mental and Physical Health of in-school Female Adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
<p>This dataset is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria among in-school female adolescents. The general objective of the study was to examine the influence of family type on the physical and mental health of in-school female adolescents. The data were obtained in 2017 from in-school female adolescents aged 10-18 years old. The respondents were randomly selected from four purposively selected secondary schools. Two schools were selected from the government-owned public schools and two from schools owned by individuals or private organizations. Nigeria operates a six-year secondary education; three years at the junior secondary school (JSS 1-3) and three years at the senior secondary (SS 1-3). The population for this study excluded students in SS3 because they had just concluded their terminal examination at the time of this study. Using the formula proposed by (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970) for deriving a small sample when the population is known, a sample size of 383 was derived from a population of 1656 female students in the four schools. With 10% added to adjust for non-response, a total of 421 students were involved in the study. The number of respondents allocated to each school was proportional to the size of the female students' population in each school. In each school, respondents were assigned to classes proportional to the size, and the particular respondents were identified using a random number. Data were collected with a self-administered structured questionnaire which was piloted before the actual survey. The data is saved in Stata format. </p> <p>A scale for measuring self-reported mental well was designed using questions adapted from Ross, Mirowsky, & Goldsteen (1990) and (Langton & Berger, 2011). The scale reliability coefficient was 0.85. The students were asked to state how often they experience 22 conditions such as feeling sad, discouraged, lonely, hopeless, worthless, wishing you were dead, having trouble concentrating, having difficulty sleeping, crying, and worried among others. </p> <p>Physical health was measured using a scale generated with questions adapted from (Langton & Berger, 2011; Ross et al., 1990). The students were asked to state the frequency of experiencing seven conditions in the month before the survey: feeling sick, tired, dizzy, having chest pain, a headache, muscle or joint pain, and stomach ache. The response options were every day, more than two times, two times, once, and never, graded 1-5.</p> <p>Family type was categorised in four ways: 1) two-parent and single parent. Two parents comprised of couples who were legally married and those who were living together in a consensual union whereas single parents comprised never married, widowed, divorced, and separated mother or father. 2) two-parent (monogamous), two-parent (polygynous), and single parent 3) two-parent, single father, and single mother 4) two-parent, never married, widowed, divorced, and separated</p>
Figures 27–32. Female Leptoconops. 27 in Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Figures 27–32. Female Leptoconops. 27) L. knowltoni flagellomeres 9–11, median black seta (s). Spermathecae (sp), diverticulum (d), neck (spn). 28) L. foulki. 29) L. americanus. 30) L. sublettei flagellomeres 3–6, flagellomere 4 seta bases (sb), hyaline sensory seta (hss). Palpal segment 3. 31) L. sublettei. 32) L. foulki.
Fig. 2. Exeristes spp., female. 1 — E in A Review Of The Genus Exeristes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) From Carpathians, With An Illustrated Key To Western Palearctic Species
Fig. 2. Exeristes spp., female. 1 — E. roborator, ovipositor tip (lateral view); 2 — E. longiseta, ovipositor tip (lateral view); 3 — E. arundinis, ovipositor tip (lateral view); 4 — E. denticulator, holotype, ovipositor tip (lateral view); 5 — E. ruficollis, lectotype, ovipositor tip (lateral view); 6 — E. arundinis, fore tarsal claw (lateral view); 7 — E. ruficollis, lectotype, hind femur and tibia (lateral view); 8 — E. denticulator, holotype, hind tibia and tarsus (lateral view); 9 — E. denticulator, holotype, propodeum and tergites I–II of metasoma (dorsal view); 10 — E. roborator, propodeum and tergites I–II of metasoma (dorsal view).
Protein preference data for male and female mice
<p>These data are from experiments studying protein preference and plasma FGF21 levels in protein-restricted male and female mice conducted at UiT the Arctic University of Norway. These findings will be published Volcko & McCutcheon (2022) bioRxiv. Detailed methods for the experiment can be found in this paper. Full citation to a peer-reviewed publication is expected to follow. Briefly, data are from sessions licking different solutions (casein and/or maltodextrin) in operant chambers, recorded on Med Associates hardware. Accompanying analysis code as a Jupyter notebook is available on Github (https://github.com/mccutcheonlab/ARP). </p> <p>The data are provided as a compressed zip file containing the following:</p> <ul> <li>Folder with raw datafiles from sessions with a single bottle of either casein or maltodextrin, and two-bottle choice tests</li> <li>Excel file with metadata to accompany each raw datafile (<strong>ARP3 and ARP5 conditioning and preference metafile.xls</strong>)</li> </ul> <p>The raw datafiles are Med Associates files in the stripped format.</p> <p><strong>ARP3 and ARP5 conditioning and preference metafile.xls</strong> contains sheets (<em>metafile_exp1</em> and <em>metafile_exp2</em>) with the following information for each datafile:</p> <ul> <li>filename</li> <li>mouse ID</li> <li>date</li> <li>diet group (NR, non-restricted or PR, protein-restricted)</li> <li>sex</li> <li>cycle stage (for females in the preference test)</li> <li>nutrient in the left bottle</li> <li>nutrient in the right bottle</li> <li>flavor of the solution in the left bottle</li> <li>flavor of the solution in the right bottle</li> <li>number of licks to the left bottle</li> <li>number of licks to the right bottle</li> <li>phase of the experiment (conditioning sessions or preference test)</li> </ul> <p><strong>ARP3 and ARP5 conditioning and preference metafile.xls</strong> also contains sheets (<em>food_intake, BW, female_cycle</em> and <em>FGF21</em>) with data from food intake measurements, body weight measurements, change in food intake and body weight over two cycle in female mice, and plasma FGF21 levels.</p>
Fig. 1 in The First Record And Description Of Male Of Paralongidorus Rex (Nematoda, Longidoridae) From Ukraine With Comments On Female Uterine Eggs Morphology
Fig. 1. Paralongidorus rex Andrássy, 1986: A — female anterior region; B — part of female genital branch with egg; C — amphid; D — spicules; E — accessory pieces; F — male posterior region; G — supplements. Scale bar A–G, 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Sharp Differences In The Timing Of Male And Female Spring Arrival In The European Stonechat, Saxicola Rubicola, And The Whinchat, S. Rubetra (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), In North-Eastern Ukraine
Fig. 1. Spring arrival schedules of male and female Common Stonechats (Saxicola rubicola) and male and female Whinchats (S. rubetra) at the study plot in the Murom River flood plain (Kharkiv Region, Ukraine). The dates were standardised by assigning 1 Day value for the arrival of first bird in a certain year (the data for years 1994–1995, 2002–2004 are presented).
Gene expression in male and female sticklebacks from populations with convergent and divergent throat coloration
<p class="MsoNormal">Understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying variation in sexual dichromatism remains limited, especially for carotenoid-based colors. We addressed this knowledge gap in a gene expression study with threespine stickleback. We compared male and female throat tissues across five populations, including two in which female red coloration has evolved convergently. We found that the expression of individual genes, gene ontologies, and coexpression networks associated with red female color within a population differed between California and British Columbia populations, suggesting differences in underlying mechanisms. Comparing females from each of these populations to females from populations dominated by dull females, we again found extensive expression differences. For each population, genes and networks associated with female red color showed the same patterns for males only inconsistently. The functional roles of genes showing correlated expression with female color are unclear within populations, whereas genes highlighted through inter-population comparisons include some previously suggested to function in carotenoid pathways. Among these, the most consistent patterns involved <em>TTC39B</em> (Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 39B), which is within a known red coloration QTL in stickleback and implicated in red coloration in other taxa.</p>
Female reproductive fluid increases the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection by prolonging egg fertilization window
<p>Female reproductive fluid, the fluid that surrounds the eggs, has attracted increasing attention for its role in fertilization and post-mating sexual selection through its effects on sperm traits. Surprisingly, however, only a few studies have investigated the effects of female reproductive fluid on the eggs. Yet, these effects might offer great potential to affect fertilization dynamics by, for example, increasing the opportunities for post-mating sexual selection. Here, we determined whether, by extending the egg fertilization window (time available for egg fertilization), the female reproductive fluid could also increase the opportunities for multiple paternity. Using the Zebrafish Danio rerio we first tested the prediction that female reproductive fluid increases the egg fertilization window, and then, using a split-brood design with sperm of two males added at different times after eggs activation, we tested whether the degree of multiple paternity varies in presence or absence of female reproductive fluid. Our results reveal the potential of the female reproductive fluid to increase multiple paternity throughout its effects on the egg fertilization window thus broadening our knowledge of the mechanisms females in externally fertilizing species affect post-mating sexual selection.</p>
Fig 13. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 13. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 11. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Palp. E–F in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig. 11. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Palp. E–F. Ventral view; the arrows showing the embolus tip directed in clockwise (11E) or directed in apical (11F). G–H. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–H = 0.2 mm.
The evolutionary history and mechanistic basis of female ornamentation in a tropical songbird
<p>Ornamentation, such as the showy plumage of birds, is widespread among female vertebrates, yet the evolutionary pressures shaping female ornamentation remain uncertain. In part this is due to a poor understanding of the mechanistic route to ornamentation in females. To address this issue, we evaluated the evolutionary history of ornament expression in a tropical passerine bird, the White-shouldered Fairywren, whose females, but not males, strongly vary between populations in occurrence of ornamented black-and-white plumage. We first use phylogenomic analysis to demonstrate that female ornamentation is derived and that female ornamentation evolves independently of changes in male plumage. We then use exogenous testosterone in a field experiment to induce partial ornamentation in naturally unornamented females. By sequencing the transcriptome of experimentally induced ornamented and natural feathers, we identify genes expressed during ornament production and evaluate the degree to which female ornamentation in this system is associated with elevated testosterone, as is common in males. We reveal that some ornamentation in females is linked to testosterone and that sexes differ in ornament-linked gene expression. Lastly, using genomic-outlier analysis we identify a candidate melanogenesis gene that lies in a region of high genomic divergence among populations that is also differentially expressed in feather follicles of different female plumages. Taken together, these findings are consistent with sex-specific selection favoring the evolution of female ornaments and demonstrate a key role for testosterone in generating population divergence in female ornamentation through gene regulation. More broadly, our work highlights similarities and differences in how ornamentation evolves in the sexes.</p>
Fig. 4. Female genitalia, scale bars 0.25 in On Anchonidium Bedel, 1884 sensu stricto, with descriptions of two new species from the Iberian peninsula (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Molytinae)
Fig. 4. Female genitalia, scale bars 0.25 mm. A. spathiferum sp. nov., Serra da Estrela: (A) Ventrite VIII. (D) Spermatheca. (G) Gonocoxite of ovipositor. (L-M) Sclerotized bursal atrium (dorso-ventral and lateral view). A. braunerti sp. nov., Serra do Monchique: (B) Ventrite VIII. (E) Partly broken spermatheca. (ovipositor and bursal atrium are missing). A. unguiculare, France, St.-Coulomb: (C) Ventrite VIII. (F) Spermatheca. (H) Gonocoxite of ovipositor. (J-K) Sclerotized bursal atrium (dorso-ventral and lateral view) A. spathiferum sp. nov.: (I) Dissected female genitalia. Abbreviations: te = tergite VIII; ve = ventrite VIII; ov = ovipositor; in = intesticals; bu = strongly sclerotized bursal atrium; sp = spermatheca. A. caucasicum: (N-O) Sclerotized bursal atrium. Caulomorphus lederi: (P-Q) Sclerotized bursal atrium. ►
Fig. 9. Myrmeleon tenuipennis Rambur, 1842. A. Female genitalia, lateral view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Male genitalia, lateral view. D. Same, ventral view. E in Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species
Fig. 9. Myrmeleon tenuipennis Rambur, 1842. A. Female genitalia, lateral view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Male genitalia, lateral view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Complex of gonocoxites 9 + gonocoxites 11, dorsal view. F. Same, ventral view. G. Same, lateral view. A–B: ♀ (CAUPK000011); C–G: ♂ (CAUPK000010). Abbreviations: ag8 = anterior gonocoxites 8; ect = ectoproct; gst11 = gonostylus 11; gx9 = gonocoxites 9; gx11 = gonocoxites 11; pg8 = posterior gonocoxites 8; pp = pregenital plate; S = sternites; T = tergites. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 19. Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker, 1885. A. Female genitalia, lateral view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Male genitalia, lateral view. D. Same, ventral view. E in Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Myrmeleontini Latreille (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Myrmeleontinae) from Pakistan, with description of a new species
Fig. 19. Myrmeleon trivialis Gerstaecker, 1885. A. Female genitalia, lateral view. B. Same, ventral view. C. Male genitalia, lateral view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Complex of gonocoxites 9 + gonocoxites 11, dorsal view. F. Same, ventral view. G. Same, lateral view. A–B: ♀ (CAUPK000026); C–G: ♂ (CAUPK000025). Abbreviations: ag8 = anterior gonocoxites 8; ect = ectoproct; gst11 = gonostylus 11; gx9 = gonocoxites 9; gx11 = gonocoxites 11; pg8 = posterior gonocoxites 8; pp = pregenital plate; S = sternites; T = tergites. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Intratumoural heterogeneity and immune modulation in lung adenocarcinoma of female smokers and never smokers
<p>Count matrix and associated meta data for single nucleus transcriptomics of healthy and tumour lung tissue from lung adenocarcinoma patients. Cohort includes young and elderly, female and male, smokers and never smokers.</p>
Fig. 17. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, live females demonstrating common dorsal coloration morphs. A in Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904
Fig. 17. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876, live females demonstrating common dorsal coloration morphs. A. Sandy morph, Midreshet Ben-Gurion. B. Dark brown morph, Mt. Gilboa. C. Light brown with dark brown median bands, Mt. Hermon. D. Light brown morph, Modi'in. Photos by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 11. Lycosa female epigyne, line drawings. A–B in Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904
Fig. 11. Lycosa female epigyne, line drawings. A–B. Lycosa sp. (HUJ INV-AR20573). A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C–D. Lycosa hyraculus sp. nov., paratype (HUJ INV-AR20817). C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. E–F. Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (HUJ INV-AR20709). E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Drawings by I. Armiach Steinpress.
Fig. 6. Right antennae, dorsal view. A–K. Males. L–U. Females. A, L in A revision of Discodon tricolor (Guérin-Méneville) and its mimics from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)
Fig. 6. Right antennae, dorsal view. A–K. Males. L–U. Females. A, L. Discodon tricolor (GuérinMéneville, 1832). B, M. Discodon neoteutonum sp. nov. C, N. Discodon vanini sp. nov. D, O. Discodon obscurior Pic, 1906 stat. nov. E, P. Discodon lineaticorne sp. nov. F, Q. Discodon aurimaculatum sp. nov. G, R. Discodon marginicolle sp. nov. H, S. Discodon tenuecostatum sp. nov. I, T. Discodon tamoio sp. nov. J, U. Discodon viridimontanum sp. nov. K. Discodon crassipes Wittmer, 1952. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.