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Fig. 1 in Black-spotted pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus as a new host for the renal coccidian genus Hyaloklossia (Alveolata: Apicomplexa)
Fig. 1. Light microscopy of Hyaloklossia oocysts in the kidney of Pelophylax nigromaculatus. A. Immature oocyst showing the sporont with granular cytoplasm that does not fill the space inside the oocyst completely. B. An immature oocyst showing the sporoblast with very thin wall. C. An immature oocyst (left) and mature sporocyst (right). D. A mature oocyst with two sporocysts. Arrowhead and arrows indicate oocyst wall and sporocyst residuum, respectively. Scale bar = 5 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Using X-ray computed tomography analysis tools to compare the skeletal element morphology of fossil and modern frog (Anura) species
FIGURE 3. Morphological bone-to-bone comparison between the 'nominal' male (CP001) and 'actual' female (CP002) Xenopus laevis. The differences are colour-coded and show female (CP002) variance relative to the nominal bone of the male (CP001) which is depicted in the figure.
FIGURE 4 in Using X-ray computed tomography analysis tools to compare the skeletal element morphology of fossil and modern frog (Anura) species
FIGURE 4. Morphological bone-to-bone comparison between the 'nominal' Xenopus laevis (CP001) with the 'actual' fossil Xenopus sp. (ZM 71336)
FIGURE 2 in Using X-ray computed tomography analysis tools to compare the skeletal element morphology of fossil and modern frog (Anura) species
FIGURE 2. Bone cortex thickness analysis on a male Xenopus laevis (CP001) (A) and a fossil Xenopus sp. (ZM 71336) (B) depicted side by side in slice view from top view (1) and side view (3) and in a 3D colour-coded analysis (2 and 3).
FIGURE 1. A in Using X-ray computed tomography analysis tools to compare the skeletal element morphology of fossil and modern frog (Anura) species
FIGURE 1. A complete Breviceps montanus (Catalogue number ZR-050053) CT scan with segmentation of humerus and femur demonstrated.
FIGURE 1. Eopelobates aff. E in Two pelobatid frogs from the late Miocene of Caucasus (Russia)
FIGURE 1. Eopelobates aff. E. bayeri from Volchaya Balka locality, Russia (late Miocene, early Turolian). 1-2, frontoparietal (GIN 1143-200) in dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views; 3-4, frontoparietal (GIN 1143-201) in dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views; 5-6, right maxilla (GIN 1143-202) in labial (5) and lingual (6) views; 7-8, right maxilla (GIN 1143-203) in labial (7) and lingual (8) views; and 9-10,?left maxilla (GIN 1143-204) in labial (9) and lingual (10) views. Scales equal 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Two pelobatid frogs from the late Miocene of Caucasus (Russia)
FIGURE 4. Occurrences of Eopelobates from the Paleogene (circles) and Neogene (squares) of Europe. Co-occurrences with Pelobates are indicated by open symbols. 1, Prémontré in France (Eopelobates aff. E. hinschei), MP 10, early Eocene (Duffaud, 2000); 2, Messel in Germany (E. wagneri), MP 11, middle Eocene (Wuttke, 2012); 3, Geiseltal in Germany (E. hinschei), MP 13, middle Eocene (Estes, 1970); 4, Hordle Cliff in UK (Eopelobates cf. E. hinschei), late Eocene (Milner et al., 1982); 5, Headon Hill in UK (cf. Eopelobates), late Eocene (Rage and Ford, 1980); 6, Quercy in France (cf. Eopelobates), late Eocene (Crochet et al., 1981); 7, Hoogbutsel, Hoeleden, and Boutersem TGV in Belgium (E. bayeri), MP 21, early Oligocene (Smith, 2003); 8, Sieblos in Germany (Eopelobates sp.), early Oligocene (Gaudant, 1985); 9, Rott in Germany (E. anthracinus), MP 30, late Oligocene (Parker, 1929); 10, Bechlejovice in Czech Republic (E. bayeri), late Oligocene (Špinar, 1952, 1972); 11, Oberleichtersbach in Germany (Eopelobates sp.), MP 30, late Oligocene (Böhme, 2008); 12, Dolnice in Czech Republic (Eopelobates sp.), MN 4, early Miocene (Hodrová, 1987b); 13, Sandelzhausen in Germany (Eopelobates sp.), MN 5, early Miocene (Böhme, 2010); 14, Devínska Nová Ves in Slovakia (E. bayeri), middle Miocene (Hodrová, 1988); 15, Suchomasty in Czech Republic (Eopelobates sp.), MN 10, late Miocene (Hodrová, 1987a); 16, Volchaya Balka in Russia (Eopelobates aff. E. bayeri), MN 11, late Miocene (this paper); 17, Osztramos 1 in Hungary (Eopelobates sp.), MN 14, Pliocene (Venczel, 2001); 18,?Ivanovce in Slovakia (?Eopelobates cf. bayeri), MN 15, Pliocene (Hodrová, 1981); 19,?Węże 1 in Poland (Eopelobates sp.), MN 15, Pliocene (Młynarski, 1961, 1962; Sanchíz and Mlynarski, 1979); and 20,?Rębielice Królewskie 1 in Poland (Eopelobates sp.), MN16, Pliocene (Sanchíz and Mlynarski, 1979). Data on taxonomic composition of Eopelobates are based mainly on Roček et al. (2014). The unconfirmed occurrences are denoted by a question-mark.
FIGURE 2. Eopelobates aff. E in Two pelobatid frogs from the late Miocene of Caucasus (Russia)
FIGURE 2. Eopelobates aff. E. bayeri from Volchaya Balka locality, Russia (late Miocene, early Turolian). 1-3, presacral vertebra (GIN 1143-212) in dorsal (1), ventral (2), and lateral (3) views; 4-5, presacral vertebra (GIN 1143-213) in dorsal (4) and lateral (5) views; 6-8, sacral vertebra (GIN 1143-221) in dorsal (6), ventral (7), and anterior (8) views; and 9-11, left ilium (GIN 1143-222) in lateral (9) and medial (10) views, and outline of the junctura ilioischiadica in caudal view (11). Scales equal 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Two pelobatid frogs from the late Miocene of Caucasus (Russia)
FIGURE 3. Pelobates sp. (1-11) and Pelobatidae indet. (12-15) from Volchaya Balka and Gaverdovsky localities, Russia (late Miocene, early Turolian). 1-2, frontoparietal (GIN 1143-223) in dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views; 3-4, left maxilla (GIN 1143-225) in labial (3) and lingual (4) views; 5-6, right maxilla (GIN 1143-226) in labial (5) and lingual (6) views; 7-9, presacral vertebra (GIN 1143-231) in dorsal (7), ventral (8), and lateral (9) views; 10-11, sacral vertebra (GIN 1144-201) in dorsal (10) and ventral (11) views; 12-13, premaxilla (GIN 1144-202) in lingual (12) and labial (13) views; and 14-15, left scapula (GIN 1143-233) in dorsal (14) and ventral (15) views. Scales equal 1 mm.
Fig. 6 in New frogs from the latest Cretaceous of Hateg Basin, Romania.
Fig. 6. Paralatoniatransylvanica gen. et sp. nov. (E, F), andAnura indet. (A, B, C, D, G). A, B. Fragmentary atlases, FGGUB v. 453 (A) andFGGUB v. 454 (B) in anterior (A1, B1) andventral (A 2, B2) views. C, D. Fragmentary urostyles, FGGUB v. 441 (C), andFGGUB v. 440 (D) in dorsal (C, D1), andlat − eral (D2) views. E, F. Fragmentary scapulae, FGGUB v. 442 (E) andFGGUB v. 443 (F) in lateral views. G. Fragmentary left humerus, FGGUB v. 445 in ventral (G1) and dorsal (G2) views. A1, B1, dorsal is up; A2, B2, C, D1, anterior is up; D2, anterior is right; G, proximal is up. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 5 in New frogs from the latest Cretaceous of Hateg Basin, Romania.
Fig. 5. Fragmentary anuran maxillae in lingual view. A. Partial left maxilla of Anura indet., FGGUB v. 435. B–D. Partial right maxillae of Paralatonia transylvanica, FGGUB v. 447 (B), FGGUB v. 448 (C), andFGGUB v. 446 (D). Scale bars 1 mm. A, anterior is right; B,C, D, anterior is left.
Fig. 3 in New frogs from the latest Cretaceous of Hateg Basin, Romania.
Fig. 3. Fragmentary ilia of Paralatoniatransylvanica gen. et sp. nov. (A, C, D, E), and Latoniagigantea (B). A. Left ilium, holotype, FGGUB v. 455 in left lateral (A1), posterior (A2), andmedial (A 3) views. B. Left ilium, HNHM. No. V.99.2, in left lateral view. C. FGGUB v. 410 in right lateral (C1) andanterior (C2) views. D. FGGUB v. 439 in right lateral view. E. FGGUB v. 452 in right lateral view. Scale bar 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in New frogs from the latest Cretaceous of Hateg Basin, Romania.
Fig. 4. Prearticulars of Hatzegobatrachus grigorescui gen. et sp. nov. (A, B), recent Bombinabombina (C), and Paralatoniatransylvanica gen. et sp. nov. (D, E). A. Right prearticular, FGGUB v. 451 in dorsolabial (A1) and labial (A2) views. B. Left prearticular, FGGUB v. 437 in dorsolabial view. C. Right prearticular, MTC uncataloguedin dorsolabial view. D. Left prearticular, FGGUB v. 450 in dorsolabial (D1) andlabial (D 2) views. E. Right prearticular, FGGUB v. 449 in dorsolabial (E1) andlabial (E 2) views. Scale bars 1 mm. Anterior is up.
Fig. 2 in New frogs from the latest Cretaceous of Hateg Basin, Romania.
Fig. 2. Ilium of Hatzegobatrachus grigorescui gen. et sp. nov. (A), andrecent Bombina bombina (B). A. Holotype left ilium, FGGUB v. 433 in lateral (A1), medial (A2), andposterior (A 3) views. B. Left ilium in recent B. bombina in posterior (B1) and lateral (B2) views. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 1 in New frogs from the latest Cretaceous of Hateg Basin, Romania.
Fig. 1. Frog remains from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) of Haţeg Basin, Romania. A. Hatzegobatrachus grigorescui gen. et sp. nov., holotype left ilium, FGGUB v. 433, left lateral view. B. Paralatonia transylvanica gen. et sp. nov., holotype left ilium, FGGUB v. 455, left lateral view. C. Anura indet., fragmentary sacral vertebra, FGGUB v. 438, dorsal view. Scale bars 0.5 mm. A, B, anterior is left; C, anterior is up. All SEM micrographs.
Fig. 1 in Patterns of larval development in Cretaceous pipid frogs
Fig. 1. Larval development in the Early Cretaceous pipid Thoraciliacus rostriceps from Makhtesh Ramon, Israel. A. The earliest recorded larva, with rudimentary ribs and not−yet fused neural arches; stage NF 59, dorsal aspect (HUJZ−Th01). B. Same developmental stage (HUJZ−FL3b). C. Stage NF 60, ventral view (HUJZ−Th03); note the anterior tip of the parasphenoid exceeding beyond the both frontoparietals. The photo taken by Zeiss Stemi 2000C stereomicroscope (C1). The photo taken by means of the image analysing software "Image Pro Plus" (C2). D. Stage NF 60, dorsal view (HUJZ−Th02). The photo taken by Zeiss Stemi 2000C stereomicroscope (D1). The photo taken by means of the image analysing software "Image Pro Plus" (D2). E. Stage NF 61, ventral view (HUJZ−Th04). Rudiments of ilia and femora are marked by arrows. F. Estimated stage NF 63, according to ossified tips of toes, probably ventral aspect (HUJZ−Th11). G. Postmetamorphic stage with the ilio−sacral articulation, ventral aspect (HUJZ−F301). H. Postmetamorphic stage, ventral aspect (HUJZF235); note fusion of sacral and praesacral diapophyses. I. Adult, ventral aspect (HUJZ−F93; holotype, cf. also Trueb 1999). Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 5 in Patterns of larval development in Cretaceous pipid frogs
Fig. 5. Comparison of the relative sequence of some developmental events of the skull in the Cretaceous Shomronella, Oligocene Palaeobatrachus, and Recent Xenopus, with the Paleozoic Apateon (Temnospondyli: Branchiosauridae), primitive recent caudates Ranodon and Salamandrella (Cryptobranchoidea: Hynobiidae), and neotenic caudate Ambystoma (Ambystomatidae). Bones that are retained in the anurans are in bold. Because of differences in definition of metamorphosis among various authors, and because of different definition of developmental stages in the Paleozoic amphibians, caudates and anurans, comparison in terms of exactly corresponding anatomical stages is not possible. The most objective for staging in the amphibians is formation of the mouth, beginning of metamorphosis (associated with reduction of gills in caudates, development of the limbs in anurans), and the end of metamorphosis (loss of tail in the anurans). Data on Apateon from Schoch (1998), on the caudates from Lebedkina (2004), and on Palaeobatrachus from Roček (2003b).
Fig. 2 in Patterns of larval development in Cretaceous pipid frogs
Fig. 2. Larval development of the Early Cretaceous pipid Shomronella jordanica from the Shomron region, Israel. A. The earliest recorded larva, stage approximately NF 47–50, probably dorsal aspect (HUJZ−13150). Displaced eyeball marked by arrow. Note complete parasphenoid. The photo taken by Zeiss Stemi 2000C stereomicroscope (A1). The photo taken by means of the image analysing software "Image Pro Plus" (A2). B. Moderately older stage, approximately NF 51–54, dorsal view (HUJZ−13062). Displaced eyeball marked by arrow. C. Approximately same stage as the previous, dorsal view (HUJZ−13190). Rudimentary frontoparietals. D. Approximately same stage as the previous, dorsal view (HUJZ−13132). Scale bars 5 mm.
Figure 5 in Husbandry, captive breeding, larval development and stages of the Malayan horned frog Megophrys nasuta (Schlegel, 1858) (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae)
Figure 5. Megophrys nasuta larvae in stages 18 to 22; blue color is caused by the blue cellular material at the aquarium ground / background while taking photographs. Photos: R. Bach, T. Ziegler, D. Karbe.
Figure 2 in Husbandry, captive breeding, larval development and stages of the Malayan horned frog Megophrys nasuta (Schlegel, 1858) (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae)
Figure 2. Megophrys nasuta at the amphibian breeding unit at the Cologne Zoo a) calling male, b) couple in ampleXus during egg deposition, c) embryos, and d) hatched larvae with yolk sacs. Photos: D. Karbe, A. Heidrich, T. Ziegler.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.