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Figure 4 in Life history traits of the exploited Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 4. – Length-weight relationship of Oreochromis niloticus from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR between November 2015 and January 2017 according to sex.

Figure 3 in Life history traits of the exploited Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 3. – Monthly frequency evolution of the translucent and opaque zones at the edge of otoliths from Oreochromis niloticus from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR based on transversal section readings; the number of sampled specimens is given at the top of the figure for each month (N).

Figure 2 in Life history traits of the exploited Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 2. – Transverse section of otolith (sagittae) from a 6+ yearold Oreochromis niloticus from the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR. The section was stained with toluidine blue and viewed using reflected light: the coloured translucent zones are counted along the sulcus axis. Core (C), translucent stainable zone (TZ), opaque zone (OZ), ventral face (V), dorsal face (D), external face (E), and internal face (I).

Figure 1 in Life history traits of the exploited Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus - Cichlidae) in a subtropical reservoir (Lao PDR)

Figure 1. – Map of the Nam Theun 2 Reservoir in Lao PDR at its higher level (538 m a.s.l) and localization of sampling sites (black dots) by experimental gillnet fishing and of villages (black stars) for the monitoring of landing/fishing effort.

Figure 1d from: Liversage K, Byrne M (2018) A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara). Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e29766. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e29766

Figure 1d Photographs from P. parvivipara and P. vivipara habitat, and graph of P. vivipara population trends. - Trends from the largest P. vivipara population at Pitt Water. Each point is the mean of adult densities from numerous sampling events over each 2 year period. During 1976-83 a fixed 1 m2 quadrat was sampled (Prestedge 1998) while a different method was used from 2001-04 involving 25 m transects being sampled across the site (Ecomarine 2014). Other survey types (timed-search) have also found large population declines (see section 2.).

Figure 1b from: Liversage K, Byrne M (2018) A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara). Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e29766. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e29766

Figure 1b Photographs from P. parvivipara and P. vivipara habitat, and graph of P. vivipara population trends. - Photograph of a boulder underside in P. parvivipara habitat with extensive encrustation of oyster shells that includes invasive Pacific oysters (bar = 5 cm).

Figure 1a from: Liversage K, Byrne M (2018) A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara). Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e29766. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e29766

Figure 1a Photographs from P. parvivipara and P. vivipara habitat, and graph of P. vivipara population trends. - Photograph taken during surveys of Liversage (2015) showing P. parvivipara giving birth, with the bright orange juvenile emerging from parent's dorsal side (bar = 1 cm).

Figure 1c from: Liversage K, Byrne M (2018) A note on life-history traits and conservation concerns for viviparous Australian seastars (Parvulastra parvivipara and P. vivipara). Research Ideas and Outcomes 4: e29766. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.4.e29766

Figure 1c Photographs from P. parvivipara and P. vivipara habitat, and graph of P. vivipara population trends. - Photograph of P. vivipara during 1992 at Pit Water. Populations have become reduced in subsequent years which may be associated with increased siltation and overgrowth from encrusting species (bar = 5 cm).

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Fig. 2. Plots A-B in Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change

Fig. 2. Plots A-B. Hypothetical thermal curves of the free-living stages of two parasite populations with different thermal adaptation histories and similar thermal optimum (highest point in the curve). The blue curve represents a population adapted to a highly variable environment and the orange curve a population adapted to a less variable environment. The dashed black line is a hypothetical current mean temperature in the environment and the dashed grey line represents an increased mean temperature as a consequence of climate change. In plot A, the historical temperature sits close to the thermal optimum in both populations, and an increase in temperature results in a decrease in parasite performance, which is greater for the parasite adapted to the less variable environment. In plot B, the historical temperature is well below the thermal optimum of both parasites, and an increase in temperature results in improved performance for both parasites. In both scenarios, an increase in mean temperature causes a much higher relative change in performance in the population from the less variable environment as indicated in the difference in size among the shade areas. Plot C shows the hypothetical temperature and thermal development ranges for the free-living stages of parasites inhabiting three different latitudes. The temperature range increases with latitude but the development range of parasites does not because, although the thermal range in high latitudes is wider, a large portion of this range occurs <0 ◦C. While parasites from high latitudes might be highly resistant to freezing temperatures, they are also more vulnerable to high temperatures. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Adaptations, life-history traits and ecological mechanisms of parasites to survive extremes and environmental unpredictability in the face of climate change

Fig. 1. Schematic of two types of life cycles of parasitic nematodes highlighting stage-specific interactions with the environment and hosts, and adaptations to cope with extreme environmental conditions: A) direct life cycle and B) specific indirect life cycle of protostrongylid parasites. In red are indicated the developmental stages of the parasite. The performance (e.g., survival rate, development rate) of developmental stages in the orange area is directly influenced by changes in environmental conditions. Developmental stages in light blue area are indirectly influenced by environmental conditions experienced by the definitive or intermediate hosts. The effect of the environment on the L3 of protostrongylids can be direct or indirect depending if the L3 migrates out of the intermediate host (direct) or if the L3 remains in the intermediate host (indirect). In the inner triangles, examples of stage-specific adaptations to cope with extremes are indicated. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

Fig. 15 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 15. Cicadella viridis eggs in common rush.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

Fig. 14 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 14. Aphrophora salicina eggs in a willow twig.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Ontogenetic timing as a condition-dependent life history trait: high-condition males develop quickly, peak early and age fast

Within-population variation in ageing remains poorly understood. In males, condition-dependent investment in secondary sexual traits may incur costs which limit ability to invest in somatic maintenance. Moreover, males often express morphological and behavioural secondary sexual traits simultaneously, but the relative effects on ageing of investment in these traits remain unclear. We investigated the condition-dependence of male life history in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. Using a fully factorial design, we manipulated male early-life condition by varying nutrient content of the larval diet and, subsequently, manipulated opportunity for adult males to interact with rival males. We found that high-condition males developed more quickly and reached their reproductive peak earlier in life, but also experienced faster reproductive ageing and died sooner than low-condition males. By contrast, interactions with rival males reduced male lifespan but did not affect male reproductive ageing. High condition in early life is therefore associated with rapid ageing in T. angusticollis males, even in the absence of damaging male-male interactions. Our results show that abundant resources during the juvenile phase are used to expedite growth and development and enhance early-life reproductive performance at the expense of late-life performance and survival, demonstrating a clear link between male condition and ageing.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Ecological adaptation drives wood frog population divergence in life history traits

Phenotypic variation among populations is thought to be generated from spatial heterogeneity in environments that exert selection pressures that overcome the effects of gene flow and genetic drift. Here, we tested for evidence of isolation by distance or by ecology (i.e., ecological adaptation) to generate variation in early life history traits and phenotypic plasticity among 13 wood frog populations spanning 1200 km and 7° latitude. We conducted a common garden experiment and related trait variation to an ecological gradient derived from an ecological niche model (ENM) validated to account for population density variation. Shorter larval periods, smaller body weight and relative leg lengths were exhibited by populations with colder mean annual temperatures, greater precipitation, and less seasonality in precipitation, and higher population density (high suitability ENM values). After accounting for neutral genetic variation, the QST–FST analysis supported ecological selection as the key process generating population divergence. Further, the relationship between ecology and traits was dependent upon larval density. Specifically, high suitability/high-density populations in the northern part of the range were better at coping with greater conspecific competition, evidenced by greater post-metamorphic survival and no difference in body weight when reared under stressful conditions of high larval density. Our results support that both climate and competition selection pressures drive clinal variation in larval and metamorphic traits in this species. Range-wide studies like this one are essential for accurate predictions of population's responses to ongoing ecological change.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2009View details →

Figure 1 in Interspecific differences in early life-history traits in crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies, Caudata, Salamandridae) from the Balkan Peninsula

Figure 1. Larval growth rate of four Triturus species.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Data from: Macronutrient intake and simulated infection threat independently affect life history traits of male decorated crickets

Nutritional geometry has advanced our understanding of how macronutrients (e.g., proteins and carbohydrates) influence the expression of life history traits and their corresponding trade-offs. For example, recent work has revealed that reproduction and immune function in male decorated crickets are optimized at very different protein:carbohydrate (P:C) dietary ratios. However, it is unclear how an individual's macronutrient intake interacts with its perceived infection status to determine investment in reproduction or other key life history traits. Here, we employed a fully factorial design in which calling effort and immune function were quantified for male crickets fed either diets previously demonstrated to maximize calling effort (P:C = 1:8) or immune function (P:C = 5:1), and then administered a treatment from a spectrum of increasing infection cue intensity using heat-killed bacteria. Both diet and a simulated infection threat independently influenced the survival, immunity, and reproductive effort of males. If they called, males increased calling effort at the low infection cue dose, consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis, but interpretation of responses at the higher threat levels was hampered by the differential mortality of males across infection cue and diet treatments. A high protein, low carbohydrate diet severely reduced the health, survival, and overall fitness of male crickets. There was, however, no evidence of an interaction between diet and infection cue dose on calling effort, suggesting that the threshold for terminal investment was not contingent on diet as investigated here.

opennotspecifiedApr 2021View details →

Figure 1 in No rest for the weary: restricted resting behaviour of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at a deep-neritic foraging area influences expression of life history traits

Figure 1. Generalised profiles for the six dive types as defined by Seminoff et al. (2006).

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Dataset for: Spatial and environmental effects on Coho Salmon life-history trait variation

Adult size, egg mass, fecundity and mass of gonads are affected by trade-offs between reproductive investment and environmental conditions shaping the evolution of life-history traits among populations for widely distributed species. Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch have a large geographic distribution and different environmental conditions are experienced by populations throughout their range. We examined the effect of environmental variables on female size, egg size, fecundity, and reproductive investment of populations of Coho Salmon from across British Columbia using an information theoretic approach. Female size increased with latitude and decreased with migration distance from the ocean to spawning locations. Egg size decreased with average intragravel temperature during incubation, migration distance, in larger rivers, but increased in rivers that were lake headed. Fecundity increased with latitude, warmer temperature during the spawning period, and river size, but decreased in rivers that were lake headed compared to rivers with tributary sources. Gonadal somatic index increased with latitude and decreased with migration distance. Latitude of spawning grounds, migratory distance and temperatures experienced by a population, but also hydrologic features – river size and headwater source – are influential in shaping patterns of reproductive investment, particularly egg size. The lack of an effect of latitude on egg size suggest that local optima for egg size may drive the positive relationship between egg number and latitude – a pattern that is partially off-set by larger female size and gonadal somatic index with latitude.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2014View details →

Figure 6 from: Briones-Fourzán P (2014) Differences in life-history and ecological traits between co-occurring Panulirus spiny lobsters (Decapoda, Palinuridae). In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 289-311. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6669

Figure 6 - Diet of Panulirus argus and Panulirus guttatus from Puerto Morelos, Mexico. For each food item the index of relative importance (IRI) is estimated as IRI = (% frequency × % weight)/100. (Data from Colinas-Sánchez and Briones-Fourzán 1990).