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FIGURE 9. Scolopsis curite, fresh specimens. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 9. Scolopsis curite, fresh specimens. A: SMF 34242 [KAU14-526], 115 mm SL, Jizan, Saudi Arabia; B: MUFS 33734, 120 mm SL, Oman. Photos by S.V. Bogorodsky (A), Y. Iwatsuki (B).

FIGURE 5 in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 5. Scolopsis japonica, KAUM–I.52620, 111.8 mm SL, Panay I., Philippines. Photo by K. Fujiwara.

FIGURE 8. Scolopsis curite, live individuals. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 8. Scolopsis curite, live individuals. A: south-western Madagascar; B: Alameh, Socotra. Photos by G.R. Allen (A), S.V. Bogorodsky (B).

FIGURE 1. Scolopsis vosmeri, live individuals. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 1. Scolopsis vosmeri, live individuals. A: Brunei; B: Sri Lanka; C: eastern Thailand. Photos by G.R. Allen (A & C), J.E. Randall (B).

FIGURE 7. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 7. A: Scolopsides pomotis Richardson, 1846, based on watercolor painting (Reeves Collection of Chinese fish drawings No. β.15); B: Scolopsis japonica (Bloch) mistakenly identified by Richardson (1846) as Scolopsides inermis Temminck & Schlegel (Reeves Collection of Chinese fish drawings No. 262); C: Scolopsis japonica (Bloch) mistakenly identified by Richardson (1846) as Scolopsides rupelii Cuvier (Reeves Collection of Chinese fish drawings No. 47). Photographs courtesy of Natural History Museum, London.

FIGURE 6. Scolopsis japonica. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 6. Scolopsis japonica. A: Anthias japonicus, Plate 325 from Bloch (1792); B: Neotype of Scolopsis japonica (Bloch), MNHN 0000-6460, 102.4 mm SL, Batavia (= Jakarta), Java, Indonesia, photo by J. Pfliger, MNHN.

FIGURE 2 in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 2. Scolopsis vosmeri: A: juvenile, Brunei; B: subadult, BPBM 18765, paratype of S. igcarensis, 74 mm SL, Sri Lanka; C: adult, BPBM 27195, 155.1 mm SL, Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka. Photos by G.R. Allen (A & B), J.E. Randall (C).

FIGURE 3. Anthias vosmeri Bloch. A in The taxonomic identity of the monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri species complex (Perciformes: Nemipteridae), with comments on molecular phylogenetic relationships within the genus Scolopsis

FIGURE 3. Anthias vosmeri Bloch. A: holotype, ZMB 8729, c.128.9 mm SL; B: Plate 321 from Bloch (1792).

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dryad32/100

Unveiling the evolutionary history of a puzzling antlion genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) based on systematic revision, molecular phylogenetics, and biogeographic inference

The antlion genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 is one of the major lineages of the subfamily Dendroleontinae Banks, 1899 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Asia, but having chaotic background of systematics. Here we present a comprehensive systematic revision and mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis to clarify the identity and to unravel the evolutionary history of this genus. Combining morphological and molecular evidence, we separate the species of Gatzara into two clades, and most of these species are transferred to the genus Nepsalus Navás, 1912 herein restored. The dated phylogeny with ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the common ancestor of Gatzara and Nepsalus might have been widely distributed in East Asia and these two genera might have diverged during the late Miocene. The speciation of most Nepsalus species that are allopatric in distribution might have been driven by a series of vicarience events related to the rise of the Himalayas and the formation of the major islands of East Asia during the late Miocene and Pliocene. A new species, namely N. chikuni sp. n., is described from Tibet. New taxonomic changes include the six new combinations: N. caelestis (Krivokhatsky, 1997) comb. n., N. decorillus (Yang, 1997) comb. n., N. decorosus (Yang, 1988) comb. n., N. indicus (Navás, 1914) comb. n., N. insolitus (Walker, 1860) comb. n., N. jezoensis (Okamoto, 1910) comb. n., and N. petrophilus (Miller & Stange, 1999) comb. n.

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Revised taxonomy of the Arctotis Annual Clade (Arctotideae, Asteraceae) from Southern Africa: integration of molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence

Previous phylogenetic analysis of ITS nrDNA sequence data for Arctotidinae species resolved a highly supported clade containing all but one of the showy annual Arctotis species (informally designated the 'Arctotis Annual Clade'). In the present study, phylogenetic relationships in the Arctotis Annual Clade were investigated by Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses of cpDNA (trnT-trnL-trnF and trnH-psbA) and nrDNA (ITS) sequence data. The cpDNA and nrDNA phylogenies were notably incongruent. Arctotis venusta and a putative unnamed species ('sp. B') were highly supported as monophyletic by both datasets. The monophyly of A. leiocarpa was strongly supported by the ITS dataset, whereas the remaining accessions formed a poorly resolved complex (the 'A. fastuosa complex'). Within the A. fastuosa complex, A. hirsuta was monophyletic with high support in the ITS phylogeny. A statistical parsimony-derived cpDNA haplotype network resolved five broad groups of haplotypes and showed no consistent geographical structure, but species-specific haplotype lineages for A. venusta and sp. B were resolved. Arctotis fastuosa accessions were distributed among four haplotype groups. Incongruence between the datasets and poor resolution within the A. fastuosa complex may reflect reticulate evolution, ancestral polymorphism, and incomplete lineage sorting, in tandem with the low information content of the datasets. The greatest phenotypic diversification in the clade is in cypsela morphology. Comparison of cypsela morphology with the phylogenies suggests a general trend for reduction in the sizes of the cypsela, abaxial wings, and pappus scales, and loss of pubescence during diversification. A revised taxonomy, integrating currently available evidence, accompanied by full descriptive accounts and a key to the taxa are presented. Eight species are recognized, including the nomenclatural novelties Arctotis chrysantha (sp. nov.) and Arctotis namibiensis (sp. nov.). The names Arctotis karasmontana, Venidium fugax, and Venidium macrocephalum are lectotypified.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

FIGURE 9. Some Cordulegaster species. A in The Oracle of Delphi-a molecular phylogenetic approach to Greek Cordulegaster Leach in Brewster, 1815 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae)

FIGURE 9. Some Cordulegaster species. A: C. buchholzi male from Andros, Greece. B: C. buchholzi female from Andros, Greece. C: C. helladica male from Peloponnese, Greece. D: Habitat of C. helladica near Kauteli, Peloponnese. E: C. insignis male from Saklikent, West Turkey. F: C. bidentata male, Westfalia, Germany. G: C. heros male, River Selimoundas, Peloponnese, Greece—note the black bar at the upper ventral frons. H: Habitat of C. heros, River Selimoundas, Peloponnese, Greece. Photographs by Dietmar Ikemeyer (A, B, E, F) and Elias Schneider (C, D, G, H).

FIGURE 8 in The Oracle of Delphi-a molecular phylogenetic approach to Greek Cordulegaster Leach in Brewster, 1815 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae)

FIGURE 8. Overview tree for the COI gene fragment. Construction of the tree was done with StarBeast following the protocol from Barido-Sottani et al. (2018). Posterior probabilities are shown next to the nodes.

FIGURE 7 in The Oracle of Delphi-a molecular phylogenetic approach to Greek Cordulegaster Leach in Brewster, 1815 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae)

FIGURE 7. Map indicating the geographical distribution of investigated specimens of the Clade II in Greece and south-east Europe. For details see Table 1.

FIGURE 4 in The Oracle of Delphi-a molecular phylogenetic approach to Greek Cordulegaster Leach in Brewster, 1815 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae)

FIGURE 4. Overview tree from the COI- and ITS gene fragments combined. Bayesian inference tree using MrBayes 3.2.7a using the best-fit model (HKY+G) identified with JModeltest 2.1.10. Bayesian posterior probabilities values are depicted at the nodes. Included are our isolated sequences (PCR number next to the name) and those retrieved from GenBank (accession numbers next to the name), if specimens identify different taxa in the COI and ITS analysis they are indicated hybrids.

FIGURE 2. Overview tree for the COI gene fragment. Bayesian inference tree using MrBayes 3.2.7a in The Oracle of Delphi-a molecular phylogenetic approach to Greek Cordulegaster Leach in Brewster, 1815 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae)

FIGURE 2. Overview tree for the COI gene fragment. Bayesian inference tree using MrBayes 3.2.7a using the best-fit model (GTR+I+G) identified with JModeltest 2.1.10. Bayesian posterior probabilities values are depicted at the nodes. Included are our own sequences (PCR number next to the name) and those retrieved from GenBank (accession numbers next to the name), if specimens identify different taxa in the COI and ITS analysis they are considered hybrids. Haplotype analysis (TCS-network made in PopART 1.7) is shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

FIGURE 3. Overview tree from the ITS gene fragment. Bayesian inference tree using MrBayes 3.2.7a in The Oracle of Delphi-a molecular phylogenetic approach to Greek Cordulegaster Leach in Brewster, 1815 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae)

FIGURE 3. Overview tree from the ITS gene fragment. Bayesian inference tree using MrBayes 3.2.7a using the best-fit model (HKY+G) identified with JModeltest 2.1.10. Bayesian posterior probabilities values are depicted at the nodes. Included are our isolated sequences (PCR number next to the name) and those retrieved from GenBank (accession numbers next to the name), if specimens identify different taxa in the COI and ITS analysis they are indicated hybrids.

FIGURE 4 in Molecular phylogenetics of Sorocea (Moraceae)

FIGURE 4. Ancestral state reconstruction of the selected morphological characters states in Sorocea based on one of the strict consensus of 2794 most parsimonious trees from combined molecular data. Transitions appear as filled boxes on the branches, character code shown below the boxes. Descriptions of characters and characters states are provided in the figure and appendix 2.

FIGURE 5. Morphological characters for Sorocea species. A in Molecular phylogenetics of Sorocea (Moraceae)

FIGURE 5. Morphological characters for Sorocea species. A. Leaves of S. bonplandii (Santos 140). B. Leaf of S. uaupensis (Pederneiras 698). C. Abaxial surface of the leaf of S. pubivena (Pederneiras 736). D. Pistillate flower of S. muriculata (Medeiros 684). E. Pistillate flower of S. uaupensis (Pederneiras 697). F. Pistillate flower of S. klotzschiana (Pederneiras 744). G. Pistillate flower of S. guilleminiana (Santos 128). H. Fruit of S. muriculata (Medeiros 684). I. Fruit of S. uaupensis (Pederneiras 697). Photos: L. Mattos.

FIGURE 1. Morphological characters for Sorocea. A in Molecular phylogenetics of Sorocea (Moraceae)

FIGURE 1. Morphological characters for Sorocea. A. Presence of the milky latex in S. bonplandii (Santos 140, SP). B. Leaves of S. bonplandii (Santos 140, SP). C. Staminate inflorescence of S. bonplandii (Santos 140, SP). D. Pistillate inflorescences of S. guilleminiana (Santos 128, SP). E. Development of pistillate inflorescences of S. hilarii (Borges 294, SP). F. Fruits of S. bonplandii (Santos 140, SP). Photos: L.C. Pederneiras, S. Romaniuc-Neto and A. Santos.

FIGURE 3. Bayesian 50 in Molecular phylogenetics of Sorocea (Moraceae)

FIGURE 3. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus phylogenetic tree for Sorocea based on combined molecular data (ITS 4-5, trnL-F and FA16180b). The numbers above the branches indicate support (maximum parsimony bootstrap, maximum likelihood bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability). The initials of the collector's name and number are next to each species name.