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Baseline soil inorganic and organic property data for Saddle snowfence, 1993.
Soil cores were collected during the construction of the 100+year snowfence on the Niwot Ridge Saddle in the autumn of 1993. Organic matter determinations were made on the samples in January 1994. The samples were also measured for total phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon. These 1993 samples were representative of the baseline (pre-snowfence) soil conditions.
Krummholz island size, soil inorganic, and organic property data for Saddle, S slope of Niwot Ridge, 1994.
Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) tree islands modify the characteristics of surface soils in alpine tundra. Soil C content of the approximate A horizon (top 15 cm) of soil was measured during the summer of 1994 on windward, leeward, upslope and downslope sides, and interiors of tree islands on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. A subset of samples from these sites were also used for CHN analysis and were measured for total phosphorus using persulfate digestions and colorimetric measurements. Results indicate significant (p<.0001) reductions of percent of dry mass represented by C in soil and significant (p<.04) declines in absolute C storage among soils on the windward sides of tree islands as compared to the upslope and downslope controls, and a tendency for reduced C on the leeward sides as well. Surface organic matter (O horizon) accumulations averaging 9.6 +/- 1.02 kg/m^2 are found in the interior of tree islands, but this material, in addition to roots, is not stabilized in the A horizons of soil. The movement of tree islands can therefore be regarded as disturbances to soil building processes in alpine tundra. Timberline forest and adjacent tundra patches of similar aspect and slope were also sampled for comparisons of soil C content. Results indicated similar C storage beneath trees and tundra at this lower elevation. The wind-induced movement of tree islands across the tundra creates enhanced snowpack within the trees and on their leeward sides. Shading and moisture conditions of the soil are altered, leading to C deposition and decomposition dynamics which differ from that of unimpacted tundra surface soils. However, at timberline, adjacent tundra lacks the ability to exhibit the enhanced C storage of alpine tundra at higher elevations. Snowpack within trees and adjacent tundra at timberline may be relatively constant such that biophysical factors affecting soil characteristics are relatively unchanged by plant life-form.
Stable isotope (carbon, nitrogen and sulfur) data for primary producers and consumer organisms in the Plum Island Sound Estuary.
Flora and fauna stable isotope study to help characterize organic matter/primary production sources important to the food web of the Plum Island Sound estuary. Sampling occured during 1993 and 1994.
Biogeochemical rate data and sediment properties of samples used for a controlled flow through experiment testing the effect of nitrate on organic matter decomposition, PIE LTER, Plum Island Sound estuary, Massachusetts.
In this dataset, we used a controlled flow-through reactor (FTR) experiment to test the role of nitrate as an electron acceptor, and its effect on organic matter decomposition and the associated microbial community in salt marsh sediments. Organic matter decomposition significantly increased in response to nitrate, even at sediment depths typically considered resistant to decomposition. The use of isotope tracers suggests this pattern was largely driven by stimulated denitrification. Nitrate addition also significantly altered the microbial community and decreased alpha diversity, selecting for taxa belonging to groups known to reduce nitrate and oxidize more complex forms of organic matter. Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy further supported these results, suggesting that nitrate facilitated decomposition of complex organic matter compounds into more bioavailable forms. Taken together, these results suggest the existence of organic matter pools that only become accessible with nitrate and would otherwise remain stabilized in the sediment. The existence of such pools could have important implications for carbon storage, since greater decomposition rates as N loading increases may result in less overall burial of organic-rich sediment. Given the extent of nitrogen loading along our coastlines, it is imperative that we better understand the resilience of salt marsh systems to nutrient enrichment, especially if we hope to rely on salt marshes, and other blue carbon systems, for long-term carbon storage.
Fiddler crab impacts from observational study 2020-21: Aboveground & diatom biomass, plant height, percent N, burrow & mussel density, belowground biomass, and organic matter
The fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, expanded its range into the Gulf of Maine recently and was first observed in the Plum Island Estuary in 2014. In 2020 and 2021, we investigated the impact of this burrowing crab on benthic microalgal biomass, sediment properties and the above- and belowground biomass of the cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. To accomplish this, we conducted a control-impact study in plots with and without fiddler crabs in three marshes in the PIE-LTER: Sawyer, Clubhead, and Metcalf. In its historical range (i.e., south of Cape Cod), M. pugnax, enhances Spartina aboveground biomass. In contrast, we found that, on average, when fiddler crabs were present, aboveground biomass was 40% lower in the PIE-LTER. We also found that belowground biomass was 30% lower and benthic microalgal biomass was 45% lower when fiddler crabs were present, which is in line with our expectations. Because fiddler crabs reduced the biomass of foundational primary producers in its expanded range, our results imply that M. pugnax can influence other saltmarsh functions such as carbon storage and accretion as they expand north. More broadly, our results suggest that as species expand or shift their range with climate change, not only can they have profound impacts in their new ranges, but that those impacts can be the inverse of what is seen in their historical ranges.
SBC LTER: Beach: Distribution of terrestrial organic material in intertidal and nearshore marine sediment due to debris flow response efforts
These data describe the distribution and processing of terrestrial organic material observed in the Santa Barbara Channel (Goleta Bay) during the spring of 2018. Specifically, beach, slough, and marine sediments were sampled during and after the debris disposal event that took place between January and February 2018 following the Thomas Fire and the subsequent Montecito Debris Flow. Data are contained in one table, including organic carbon, carbon isotope, lignin phenol, and pyrogenic carbon measurements analyzed from sediment cores collected at different depths and locations in the nearshore region.
Mesocosm (Marsh Organ) experiment at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge, MD, 2012
This experiment examines the effects of tidal inundation on the growth of salt marsh vegetation. We measured the response of plants to disturbance across a gradient in inundation times by transplanting tussocks of Schoenoplectus americanus into mesocosms of different elevation. The mesocosms were arranged into structures commonly described as �marsh organs�. Here we utilize two marsh organs each containing 54 mesocosms constructed of 6-inch diameter (0.0182, m2) polyvinyl chloride pipe, arranged into nine rows containing six pipes of identical elevation. We conducted the experiment in a large brackish marsh on the Atlantic Coast of North America. The study site is adjacent to the Blackwater River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, USA) (Blackwater, 38.40�N, 76.07�W). Changes in water level are primarily driven by meteorological events, with mean astronomical tides of <0.25 m. Long-term porewater salinities average 10 p.p.t. within the marsh soil, and intertidal vegetation is dominated by Schoenoplectus americanus and Spartina patens.
Shear Stress, Biomass, Bulk Density, Organic Matter on the Bank of the York River, VA 2018
This dataset includes data used to assess marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise by quantifying marsh erodibility along a salinity gradient in the York River in southeastern Virginia. We measured the erodibility of marshes along a salinity gradient in the York River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia, USA). We chose five marshes along the York River salinity gradient for this study. Salinity decreases upriver from 18 ppt at the Goodwin Islands to 0 ppt at the Pamunkey Indian Reservation. Within these overall sites, we chose sampling locations along tidal creeks 5-10 m wide, with marsh widths beyond 20 meters and consistent elevations across all study sites. We collected samples from both the tidal channel marsh edge and from the marsh interior. Edge sites were located between the tidal channel and any levee (1 m from edge), while interior sites were located at a measured distance of 10-12 m away from the edge site. All field work was done in July-August 2018, except for the collection of cores for belowground biomass at the Sweet Hall Marsh and Pamunkey Indian Reservation marsh edge sites (September 2018) and elevation profiles of the Pamunkey Indian Reservation (March 2020). Data tables are: 1) shear strength, 2) aboveground biomass, 3) belowground biomass, 4) LOI (loss on ignition), 5) kinematic GPS data along the transects and 6) averages for each station of variables in tables 1, 3 and 4.
Fig. 3 in Organization of fish assemblages in blackwater Atlantic Forest streams
Fig. 3. RDA ordination biplot of the first and second RDA axes based on fish density (ind.m-2) of 31 blackwater mesohabitats. Vector lines in bold type indicate the relationship of the environmental variables to the ordination axis; the line's length is proportional to its relative significance. For species codes, see Tab. 3.
Fig. 2 in Organization of fish assemblages in blackwater Atlantic Forest streams
Fig. 2. Rarefaction curves calculated for each mesohabitat category (sand, leaf-litter and trunks), considering a total of 31 mesohabitats sampled in 13 blackwater streams of the alluvial plain of the Serra do Mar in the State of São Paulo. EstimateS 9.1 was used to plot species rarefaction curve (100 runs).
Dataset: Bacterioplankton metabolism of phytoplankton lysates across a cyclone-anticyclone eddy dipole impacts the cycling of semi-labile organic matter in the photic zone
<p>This dataset contains both field data and the results of dilution batch-culture bioassay experiments characterizing bacterioplankton usage of ambient and added dissolved organic matter across a cyclone to anticyclone spatial transect in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Field data include total organic carbon, total nitrogen, bacterioplankton cell abundances, ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene concentrations, and 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Experimental data include time-resolved changes in total organic carbon, nitrogen species, and bacterioplankton cell abundances.</p>
Figure 5 in Does your preservative preserve? A comparison of the efficacy of some pitfall trap solutions in preserving the internal reproductive organs of dung beetles
Figure 5. Pitfall trap with protective caging and cover placed on-top of a manually constructed soil mound so as to prevent interference from mammals and dilution and/or overspilling from precipitation and surface runoff.
Figure 2. L in Does your preservative preserve? A comparison of the efficacy of some pitfall trap solutions in preserving the internal reproductive organs of dung beetles
Figure 2. L. militaris (female) after 28 days of submergence in 4% PBF showing the well preserved ovary and oocytes.
Figure 3 in Does your preservative preserve? A comparison of the efficacy of some pitfall trap solutions in preserving the internal reproductive organs of dung beetles
Figure 3. Evaporation rates of the eight preservatives in the riparian vine thicket environment. Water is also shown for comparison. The dotted line represents the critical volume. PG = propylene glycol, w vinegar = white vinegar.
Figure 4 in Does your preservative preserve? A comparison of the efficacy of some pitfall trap solutions in preserving the internal reproductive organs of dung beetles
Figure 4. Evaporation rates of the eight preservatives in the low open woodland environment. Water is also shown for comparison. The dotted line represents the critical volume. PG = propylene glycol, w vinegar = white vinegar.
Figures 451-459. Internal organs. 451 in Morphology of Baridinae and related groups (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Figures 451-459. Internal organs. 451, Trigonocolus curvipes (proventriculus). 452-453, Pycnogeraeus striatirostris. 452, proventriculus; 453, mesenteron and proctodeum. 454-459, Acythopeus sp. 454, divisions of gut (ventral view); 455, lateral view (left side); 456, dorsal view; 457, lateral view (right side); 458, ganglia; 459, stomodeum.
Modular organization of the murine locomotor pattern in the presence and absence of sensory feedback from muscle spindles
<p>In this study, we made use of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to extract muscle synergies from electromyographic (EMG) data. We implemented the NMF algorithm in R version 3.5.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, R Core Team, Vienna, Austria), a programming language available in a free software environment. However, even if the software does not require a paid license, often researchers are either not confident with or prefer not to spend time writing the code required to perform NMF. We make available, as we recently did with human data (Santuz <em>et al.</em>, 2018), an example open access data set of EMG and muscle synergy data for murine walking and swimming. The data presented in this supplementary information part is available in three formats: 1) the raw EMG of two example trials (one recorded during walking and the other during swimming in a wild type animal, six muscles), unprocessed together with the touchdown and lift-off timings of the recorded limb for walking and the cycle timings for swimming; 2) the filtered and time-normalized EMG and 3) the muscle synergies extracted via NMF. Moreover, we provide the R code for obtaining the results described in the previous three points. We do not report any metadata, since trials are relative to a single representative animal. The R code is profusely commented.</p>
London Dispersion Governs the Interaction Mechanism of Small Polar and Non-Polar Molecules in Metal-Organic Frameworks
<p>Raw data set relating to publication.</p>
The relationship between the leadership of business organizations to manage conflicts within their organizations and with other entities
<p>Descripition of the dataset:</p> <p>The questionnaire was made to the leaders of the companies was made in July 2019, consisting of 10 questions where the subject under study is addressed. <br> The questionnaire was personally conducted to 390 leaders of Madrid, consisting of 10 questions ranging from demographic variables, leadership style in conflict management and methods used for conflict resolution.<br> The database has been subsequently anonymised, so that each respondent cannot be identified.</p> <p>Dataset relations:</p> <p>Paper: What are the determinants in conflict management and leadership employed? An analysis of the determinants for the Spanish case</p> <p>Abstract:The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the leadership of business organizations to manage conflicts within their organizations and with other entities. <br> For this reason, an exhaustive review of the literature on leadership decision-making and conflict management has been carried out, focusing on sociodemographic variables that have the greatest influence. <br> In addition, a study of conflict management has been carried out in the community of Madrid. The purpose of the study was to identify the most decisive sociodemographic variables that explain how leaders manage conflicts in the most important business nucleus in Spain. <br> The statistical study was based on information collected on demographic variables and leadership styles in conflict management through a survey carried out in July 2019 of 394 leaders of Madrid organizations.</p>
Video S3 - Organic Pellet Application to Carrington Island Spawning Site
<p><strong>Video S3.</strong> Suppression of invasive lake trout by treatment of spawning sites with organic pellets to kill embryos in an IPM approach. Because only a few weeks are available to safely work on Yellowstone Lake following the peak of lake trout spawning each autumn, we expanded the embryo suppression research to include a comprehensive treatment of a spawning site with organic pellets by helicopter (with long line and seeder/spreader) to better understand the logistical constraints that may be faced when attempting large-scale, multi-site applications in the future. Dr. Christopher Guy of the USGS Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit describes the Carrington Island spawning site. During an October 2019 experimental treatment, all of the rocky substrate at this spawning site (0.5 ha) was treated with 18,000 kg of organic (soy and wheat gluten) pellets in less than one day. The pellets induce organic decomposition and decline in dissolved oxygen concentration, which is lethal to lake trout embryos, curtailing recruitment from the site. Relative to the expansive lake areas intensively gillnetted over a 22-week season (> 60 km of gill nets set daily), lake trout embryo suppression targets relatively small sites during a period of 2–3 weeks in autumn where the majority of a future year class is concentrated. Broad-scale application of pellets in autumn may reduce lake trout recruitment and enhance population suppression as part of an IPM approach targeting multiple lake trout life stages because the area of the 14 verified spawning sites is only 11.4 ha (0.03% of lake surface area).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.