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1,491 results for “sperm”
Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Sexually selected traits may also be subject to non-sexual selection. If optimal trait values depend on environmental conditions, then "narrow sense" (i.e., non-sexual) natural selection can lead to local adaptation, with fitness in a certain environment being highest among individuals selected under that environment. Such adaptation can in turn drive ecological speciation via sexual selection. To date, most research on the effect of narrow-sense natural selection on sexually selected traits has focused on precopulatory measures like mating success. However, postcopulatory traits, such as sperm function, can also be under nonsexual selection, and have the potential to contribute to population divergence between different environments. Here, we investigate the effects of narrow-sense natural selection on male postcopulatory success in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>. We chose two extreme environments, low oxygen (10%, hypoxic) or high CO<sub>2</sub> (5%, hypercapnic) to detect small effects. We measured the sperm defensive (P1) and offensive (P2) capabilities of selected and control males in the corresponding selection environment and under control conditions. Overall, selection under hypoxia decreased both P1 and P2, while selection under hypercapnia had no effect. Surprisingly, P1 for both selected and control males was higher under both ambi-ent hypoxia and ambient hypercapnia, compared to control conditions, while P2 was lower under hypoxia. We found limited evidence for local adaptation: the positive environmental effect of hypoxia on P1 was greater in hypoxia-selected males than in controls. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of postcopulatory traits in response to non-sexual and sexual selection.</p>
Density-dependent patterns of multivariate selection on sperm motility and morphology in a broadcast spawning mussel
<p>Sperm cells exhibit extraordinary phenotypic variation, both among taxa and within individual species, yet our understanding of the adaptive value of sperm trait variation across multiple contexts is incomplete. For species without the opportunity to choose mating partners, such as sessile broadcast spawning invertebrates, fertilisation depends on gamete interactions, which in turn can be strongly influenced by local environmental conditions that alter the concentration of sperm and eggs. However, the way in which such environmental factors impact phenotypic selection on functional gamete traits remains unclear in most systems. Here, we analyse patterns of linear and nonlinear multivariate selection under experimentally altered local sperm densities (densities within the capture zone of eggs) on a range of functionally important sperm traits in the broadcast spawning marine mussel, <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>. Specifically, we assay components of sperm motility and morphology across two fertilisation environments that simulate either sperm limitation (when there are too few sperm to fertilise all available eggs), or sperm saturation (when there are many more sperm than required for fertilisation, and the risk of polyspermy and embryonic failure is heightened). Our findings reveal that the strength, form, and targets of selection on sperm depend on the prevailing fertilisation environment. In particular, our analyses revealed multiple significant axes of nonlinear selection on sperm motility traits under sperm limitation, but only significant negative directional selection on flagellum length under sperm saturation. These findings highlight the importance of local sperm densities in driving the adaptation of sperm phenotypes, particularly those related to sperm motility, in broadcast spawning invertebrates.</p>
Data of sperm competition experiments between Lampetra planeri and L. fluviatilis
<p>The following data come from a study on the effects of sperm competition and cryptic female choice as putative postmating barriers in two lamprey ecotypes (<em>Lampetra planeri</em> and <em>L. fluviatilis</em>) with a partial reproductive isolation. We measured sperm traits in both ecotypes and designed sperm competition experiments to test the occurrence of cryptic female choice. Sperm competition experiments either at equal semen volume or equal sperm number were realized to investigate the role of sperm velocity on fertilization success.</p>
Figure 2 in Sperm quality, secondary sexual characters and parasitism in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.)
Figure 2. Correlation between sperm longevity and spermatozoal velocity (r = 0.547, P = 0.019). The line is from linear regression (y = 0.43x + 28.7).
Figure 1 in Sperm quality, secondary sexual characters and parasitism in roach (Rutilus rutilus L.)
Figure 1. Mean and SE of sperm longevity and spermatozoal velocity among Rutilus rutilus males with different degrees of ornamentation: (0) no breeding tubercles or very few or very small tubercles, smooth skin; (1) breeding tubercles clearly found, slightly or moderately rough skin; (2) many large tubercles, rough skin. Male groups which differed statistically from each other are denoted with different letters.
Six genome assemblies of Drosophila species for: Identification and genetic analysis of a pervasive "needle-eye" sperm phenotype in Drosophila sterile hybrid males
<p>Interspecies hybrid sterility has been extensively studied, especially in the genus <em>Drosophila</em>. Hybrid sterility is more often found in the heterogametic (XX or ZW) sex, a trend called Haldane's rule. Although this phenomenon is pervasive, identification of a common genetic mechanism remains elusive, with modest support found for a range of potential theories. Here, we identify a single precise morphological phenotype, which we call "needle-eye sperm," that is associated with hybrid sterility in three separate species pairs that span the <em>Drosophila</em> genus. The nature of the phenotype indicates a common point of meiotic failure in sterile hybrid males. We used ten generations of backcross selection paired with whole-genome pooled sequencing to genetically map the regions underlying the needle-eye sperm phenotype. Surprisingly, the sterility phenotype was present in ~50% of males even after ten generations of backcrossing, yet the genetic map showed multiple regions associated with sterility, indicating multiple regions may have the capacity to be sufficient to induce sterility in the F1. Due to the common phenotype among sterile male hybrids and the strong effect of individual loci, further exploration of the genes uncovered here may identify a universal mechanism for the evolution of hybrid sterility. </p>
Data from: Male responses to sperm competition risk associated with increased macronutrient intake and reduced lifespan
<p>Increased expenditure on the ejaculate is a taxonomically widespread male response to sperm competition. Increased ejaculate expenditure is assumed to come at a cost to future reproduction, otherwise males should always invest maximally. However, the life-history costs of strategic ejaculation are not well documented. Macronutrient intake is known to affect the trade-off between reproduction and lifespan. Intakes of protein and carbohydrate that maximise reproduction are often differ from those that maximise lifespan. Here, we asked whether strategic expenditure on the ejaculate by male crickets, <em>Teleogryllus oceanicus</em>, is mediated by macronutrient intake, and whether it comes at a cost of reduced lifespan. Males were exposed to rival song throughout their lifespan or were held in a silent non-competitive environment. Males exposed to song had a higher intake of both protein and carbohydrate, they reached adulthood sooner, produced ejaculates of higher quality, and died sooner than males living in a silent environment. Our findings provide a rare example of both the mechanisms and life-history costs associated with strategic ejaculation.</p>
FIGURES 11–12. Asindulum coxale, male terminalia including sperm pump. 11. Ventral. 12 in The Nearctic species of Asindulum Latreille and Macrorrhyncha Winnertz (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
FIGURES 11–12. Asindulum coxale, male terminalia including sperm pump. 11. Ventral. 12. Lateral. Scale = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: da, dorsal apodeme; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; t9, tergite 9 (t9 damaged in this specimen); va, ventral apodeme.
FIGURES 60–61. Asindulum nigrum, male terminalia including sperm pump. 60. Lateral. 61 in The Nearctic species of Asindulum Latreille and Macrorrhyncha Winnertz (Diptera: Keroplatidae)
FIGURES 60–61. Asindulum nigrum, male terminalia including sperm pump. 60. Lateral. 61. Ventral. Scale = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: da, dorsal apodeme; ea, ejaculatory apodeme; gc, gonocoxite; t9, tergite 9; va, ventral apodeme.
FIG. 1 in Addendum to the redescription of Eurhopalothrix reichenspergeri (Santschi, 1923) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): larval morphology, cytogenetic and sperm morphometry data
FIG. 1. Larval external morphology, spermatozoa, and karyotype of Eurhopalothrix reichenspergeri. A. Larva after the meconium elimination (left) and young larva with the meconium, zoom indicating type II hairs (right). B. Larva after the meconium elimination head zoomed. C. Spermatozoon stained with Giemsa, the arrow indicates the transition between nucleus (n) and flagellum (f). D. Nucleus stained with DAPI fluorochrome. E–G. Giemsa staining of female (E) and male (G) karyotypes and FISH with 18S rDNA probe (red blocks). Abbreviations: a. acrosome; ant. antennae; clp. clypeus; f. flagellum; lbplp. labial palp; md. mandible; mx. maxillae; mxplp. maxillary palp; n. nucleus; m. metacentric; sm. submetacentric.
Geometry of obstructed pathway regulates upstream navigational pattern of sperm population
<p>Raw data for figures in a manuscript.</p>
Calcium Ionophore Solution Can Increase Fertilization Rate in Patients During Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) Who Have Poor Ovarian Reserve?
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02045914. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Sperms Activation by Direct Electrical Shocks on Testis in Infertile Males
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04173052. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Effects of Semaglutide vs Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Functional Hypogonadism and Sperm Quality in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06489457. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Intralipid Therapy for Women 35-40 Years With Positive Natural Killer Cells Undergoing Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01916798. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Evaluation of the Effects of Semen Incubation With ANDROSITOL®DGN on Sperm Motility and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04291495. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
Hydrosalpinx Management Before Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03854292. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 10.
Sperm Retrieval Rates in Non-obstructive Azoospermic Men Subjected to Gonadotropin Therapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05110391. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Study to Assess the Patterns of Use of REKOVELLE® in Naïve Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilisation or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Procedures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03393780. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 10. Publications: 1.
Relationship Between Nitric Oxide (NO) in Follicular Fluid and Sperm Fertilization Ability
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03307655. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 51.
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