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534 results for “stable isotopes”
Quantifying temporal variation in dietary niche to reveal drivers of past population declines; stable isotope, harvest trends, and land use
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Data from: Metabolism and foraging strategies of mid-latitude mesozooplankton during cyanobacterial blooms as revealed by fatty acids, amino acids and their stable carbon isotopes
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Data from: Assessing stable isotope dynamics of diapausing Calanus finmarchicus and C. hyperboreus during the overwintering period: a laboratory experiment
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Data from: Differences in nitrogen cycling between tropical dry forests with contrasting precipitation revealed by stable isotopes of nitrogen in plants and soils
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Interspecific and intra-shell stable isotope variation among the Red Sea giant clams
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Ratio of 18O to 16O Stable Isotopes in Tree Stem Cores at HJA, HFR, NWT, CWT, LUQ, and Barro Colorado Island
Patterns of biodiversity, such as the increase toward the tropics and the peaked curve during ecological succession, are fundamental phenomena for ecology. Such patterns have multiple, interacting causes, but temperature emerges as a dominant factor across organisms from microbes to trees and mammals, and across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments. However, there is little consensus on the underlying mechanisms, even as global temperatures increase and the need to predict their effects becomes more pressing. The purpose of this project is to generate and test theory for how temperature impacts biodiversity through its effect on biochemical processes and metabolic rate. A combination of standardized surveys in the field and controlled experiments in the field and laboratory measure diversity of three taxa -- trees, invertebrates, and microbes -- and key biogeochemical processes of decomposition in seven forests distributed along a geographic gradient of increasing temperature from cold temperate to warm tropical. The most abundant tree species (by basal area) were sampled at each experimental site (HJA, HFR, NWT, CWT, LUQ, and Barro Colorado Island) for ratio of stable isotopes of 18 Oxygen to 16 Oxygen in parts per million from ground and homogenized tree stem cores as part of a macrosystems biodiversity and latitude project supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement DEB#1065836. .
Stable carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotopes in tree rings from temperate forests within long-term monitoring network in the UK
<p>Supporting dataset for the paper "Climate and atmospheric deposition effects on forest water‑use efficiency and nitrogen availability across Britain" by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports DOI is 10.1038/s41598-020-67562-w (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-67562-w</a>)</p> <p>The dataset includes carbon, oxygen and nitrogen stable isotope composition measured in tree rings for four species at twelve forests across climate and atmospheric deposition gradients in Britain. Data were used to i) investigate spatial and temporal (over 30‑years) changes in tree intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE, i.e., the ratio between CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation - A, and stomatal conductance- g<sub>s</sub>); ii) assess the possible species-specific physiological mechanisms (changes in A and/or g<sub>s</sub>) evaluate whether sites receiving high Ndep experience increase in ecosystem N availability and N saturation (using tree-ring nitrogen isotope composition as a proxy); iv) elucidate drivers of spatial and temporal changes in the isotope-derived physiological and ecological processes (i.e., relative contribution of climate vs. changes in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and nitrogen and sulfur deposition). </p> <p>The following files are available:</p> <ul> <li>CSV file including: a) Site names; b) Species; c) Latitude; d) Longitude; e) Investigated years (1980-2010); f) Measured isotope-related parameters and tree ring nitrogen %. Isotope-related parameters included in the dataset are: 1) delta13C, 2) carbon isotope discrimination (Delta13C), 3) intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) and the ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ci/ca), delta18O, estimated delta18O in precipitation (delta18OP) according to Barbour et al. 2001 (see Method in Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports), oxygen isotope discrimination above the source water (Delta18O), delta15N. </li> <li>PDF file reporting the equations used to calculate the isotope-derived parameters, which can also be found in the paper by Guerrieri et al. 2020 Scientific Reports (accepted)</li> </ul>
Supplementary material 3 from: Hill KGW, Nielson KE, Tyler JJ, McInerney FA, Doubleday ZA, Frankham GJ, Johnson RN, Gillanders BM, Delean S, Cassey P (2020) Pet or pest? Stable isotope methods for determining the provenance of an invasive alien species. NeoBiota 59: 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.59.53671
Figure S1. Results from a carbon decision tree
Supplementary material 4 from: Hill KGW, Nielson KE, Tyler JJ, McInerney FA, Doubleday ZA, Frankham GJ, Johnson RN, Gillanders BM, Delean S, Cassey P (2020) Pet or pest? Stable isotope methods for determining the provenance of an invasive alien species. NeoBiota 59: 21-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.59.53671
Table S4.1. Determining confidence in status assignment
Ionic and water stable isotope composition of different Mendoza River basin (Argentina) water sources
<p>Samples obtained in a high temporal resolution from different water sources of the upper Mendoza River basin (Argentinean Central Andes). Ionic and water stable isotopes compositions are expressed and electric conductivity, pH and mean catchments altitudes. Decimal positions are expressed with comma.</p>
Stable isotope signatures of soil nitrogen on an environmental-geomorphic gradient within the Congo Basin
<p>Stable isotope signatures of soil N of three different forest types within the Congo Basin. </p>
Using stable isotopes to estimate migratory connectivity for a patchily distributed, wetland-associated Neotropical migrant
<p>Estimates of migratory connectivity are needed for full annual cycle population models of migratory bird species experiencing rapid declines in abundance. One technique to determine migratory connectivity is through stable isotope analysis. This low-resolution method may be influenced by how data are calibrated between isotopes measured in precipitation and those measured in feathers, and can be informed by incorporating relative abundance into the assignment model. eBird abundance maps are a new tool combining citizen science data into a predictive species distribution model. In the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea), a wetland-associated songbird with a patchy breeding distribution, we sought to use stable-hydrogen isotope analysis informed by a species-specific calibration equation and eBird abundance data to determine the strength of migratory connectivity. We developed a species-specific calibration equation using known-origin samples from the breeding grounds and found that stable-hydrogen isotope values measured in precipitation explained 50% of the variation in stable-hydrogen isotope values among feathers. We found that the assignment model incorporating eBird abundance data correctly identified the true origins of 66% of individuals, and that the average assignment area (as a measure of precision) was 64% of the breeding distribution. These results represented a 7% increase in precision and a 3% decrease in accuracy when compared to a model that was not informed by abundance. Based on these models, wintering populations from 6 countries represented a mix of likely breeding origins, suggesting low migratory connectivity for Prothonotary Warblers. We found evidence that wintering latitude was related to likely breeding origin, with individuals at western wintering locations more likely to have southern breeding origins, but this relationship was weak. These results corroborate studies using archival light-level geolocators and high-resolution genetic markers, which also demonstrated weak migratory connectivity in this species. For patchily distributed species, eBird abundance data may not provide a useful increase in precision and accuracy for isotope assignments.</p>
Chromium reduction and associated stable isotope fractionation restricted to anoxic shelf waters in the Peruvian Oxygen Minimum Zone
<p>Full research data accompanying the publication</p>
Dataset of the hydrometrics and stable isotopes of water in Schwingbach Environmental Observatory, Germany
<p>Dataset includes the following variables for Aug-Dec 2018 and Apr-Oct 2019 :</p> <ul> <li>Precipitation</li> <li>Air temperature</li> <li>soil moisture at 5, 30 and 70 cm depths</li> <li>stable isotopes of stream water</li> <li>stable isotopes of precipitation</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Widespread variation in stable isotope trophic position estimates: patterns, causes, and potential consequences
<p>Stable isotope analysis is one of the most widely used techniques to estimate trophic position and provides fundamental insight into the structure and management of ecological communities. To account for the effects of geographic variation in isotope levels, trophic position is typically estimated relative to an isotope "baseline" (i.e., material representing geographic variation) using a methodology such as a formula or statistical analysis. There is, however, remarkable variation in the baselines and methodologies used to estimate trophic position from stable isotopes. The consequences of this lack of standardization are unknown but could result in biased or erroneous conclusions. We conducted a literature review to quantify the variation in baselines and methodologies used to estimate trophic position from stable isotopes. Next, we assessed the consequences of this variation on individual species estimates and food web structure by extracting published trophic positions and applying various baselines and methodologies to existing datasets. We identified ten baselines and eight methodologies, the use of which varied by ecosystem studied. Moreover, we found that different baselines and methodologies yield significantly different trophic position estimates for individual species, as well as different conclusions about food web structure. Authors should avoid biological interpretations of absolute, stand-alone trophic positions (as these are prone to a number of biases). We recommend pairing stable isotope analysis with other techniques for more robust conclusions. Increased sample size may mitigate some of the variation caused by different baselines and methodologies; however, an alarmingly large proportion of studies collected only one sample in at least one trophic group (41% of all reviewed studies). Authors should collect a minimum of five samples per trophic group (but ten for best-practices) from as many trophic groups as possible to increase statistical power and redundancy in comparisons. When sample size is unavoidably constrained, we recommend using compound-specific isotope analysis with a taxon-specific trophic discrimination factor, because it may be more accurate and require fewer samples to maintain appropriate statistical power. Implementing our recommendations will increase the robustness and accuracy of conclusions based on stable isotopes, resulting in better management decisions and a more accurate understanding of ecological communities.</p>
Lipid content and stable isotopes of zooplankton during five winters around the northern Antarctic Peninsula
<p>The Southern Ocean zooplankton community is diverse, yet most species are understudied, especially with respect to their overwinter feeding ecologies. This dataset describes body condition and trophic biomarker data (lipid content and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen) from 19 zooplankton species collected over five consecutive winters (August and September 2012 – 2016) around the northern Antarctic Peninsula. To complement these data and provide context for interpretation, we report environmental data (percent sea-ice cover, sea-ice type, water temperature, salinity, and integrated chlorophyll-a (to 100 m)) as well as species abundance data at each sampling location. For most species, these are the first winter measurements or time series of body condition, trophic position, and abundance in relation to environmental variables around the northern Antarctic Peninsula. </p>
Data from: Structure and functioning of intertidal food webs along an avian flyway: a comparative approach using stable isotopes
Food webs and trophic dynamics of coastal systems have been the focus of intense research throughout the world, as they prove to be critical in understanding ecosystem processes and functions. However, very few studies have undertaken a quantitative comparison of entire food webs from a key consumer perspective across a broad geographical area, limiting relevant comparisons among systems with distinct biotic and abiotic components. We investigate the structure and functioning of food webs in four tidal ecosystems of international importance for migratory shorebirds along the East Atlantic Flyway: Tejo estuary in Portugal, Sidi Moussa in Morocco, Banc d'Arguin in Mauritania and Bijagós archipelago in Guinea-Bissau. Basal food sources, shorebirds and their prey (benthic invertebrates) were sampled in all areas, and Bayesian stable isotope mixing models and community-wide metrics were used in a comparative analysis among areas. Significant differences among study areas were found in the structure of food webs, as well as in the relative importance of basal resource pools supporting each food web. Overall, the food web of Banc d'Arguin was characterized by lower trophic diversity and higher functional redundancy than the other sites. This result might be explained by the low number of trophic pathways of organic matter transfer in this seagrass-dominated system which, as a fossil estuary, lacks inputs from both freshwater and nutrient-rich offshore oceanic waters. Structure of shorebird communities was consistent with the main organizational patterns found for each food web, highlighting the less diverse character of the community of Banc d'Arguin. At Banc d'Arguin and Bijagós archipelago, which displayed the smallest and largest isotopic niche widths in bird assemblage, respectively, mean niche overlap among species was low, suggesting high interspecific partitioning in resource use. Tropical systems typically offer comparatively lower harvestable prey biomass for shorebirds and might thus strengthen interspecific competition, leading to low niche overlap among species. Our study reveals relevant differences in the structure of food webs and shorebird communities in coastal areas along an avian flyway. While differences in trophic redundancy of food webs point to distinct levels of ecosystem resilience, contrasts in the organization of shorebird communities highlight the plasticity in the foraging behaviour of species inhabiting areas with distinct environmental conditions.
Data from: The stable isotope ecology of mycalesine butterflies: implications for plant-insect co-evolution
One of the most dramatic examples of biome shifts in the geological record is the rapid replacement of C3 vegetation by C4 grasses in (sub-) tropical regions during the Late Miocene–Pliocene. Climate-driven biome shifts of this magnitude are expected to have a major impact on diversification and ecological speciation, especially in grazing taxa. Mycalesine butterflies are excellent candidates to explore the evolutionary impact of these C3/C4 shifts on insect grazer communities. Mycalesine butterflies feed on grasses as larvae, have radiated spectacularly and occur in almost all extant habitats across the Old World tropics. However, at present, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the larval ecology of these butterflies and this hampers investigations of co-evolutionary patterns among the geographically parallel radiations of mycalesine butterflies and the remarkable evolutionary history of their host plants. By conducting several experiments under defined environmental conditions, we demonstrate that the feeding history of mycalesine larvae on C3 and C4 grasses can be traced by analysing δ13C in the organic material of the adult exoskeleton, while values of δ18O in the adult reflect atmospheric humidity during larval development. To show the power of these isotopic proxies for ecological studies, we analysed the isotopic composition of organic material obtained from adult butterflies sampled in two extensive longitudinal surveys. We observed strong associations among the larval ecology, habitat preferences of the adult butterflies and patterns of seasonality, such that mycalesine species that inhabit open environments are more opportunistic in their host plant choice but utilize C3 grasses more frequently during the dry season. Crucially, the ability to process the less palatable C4 grasses appears to be phylogenetically clustered within mycalesine species, suggesting that novel feeding adaptations may have evolved in response to the ecological dominance of C4 grasses in open savanna habitats.
Data from: Fog as a source of nitrogen for redwood trees: evidence from fluxes and stable isotopes
A defining feature of the redwood forest in coastal California is the presence of fog in the summer months, a time when there is typically little rainfall. Our goal was to determine the role of summer fog in canopy transformation of nitrogen, nitrogen uptake by trees and photosynthesis within a coastal redwood forest ecosystem. We measured horizontal and vertical inputs of nitrogen, the isotopic composition of nitrogen in a variety of atmospheric sources (summer fog, winter rain and throughfall throughout the year), nitrogen pools (soil solution) and plant tissue (roots and foliage), as well as rates of photosynthesis and nitrogen uptake by trees. Throughfall nitrogen fluxes were greater at the forest edge compared to the interior both within the canopy (sampled 10 m above-ground) and onto the forest floor (sampled 1 m above-ground; P < 0.05). Similarly, soil solution inline image and total inorganic nitrogen were greater at the forest edge compared to the interior (P = 0.0014 and 0.009, respectively). Whereas natural abundance δ15NO3 values were not significantly different between winter rain (measured as bulk precipitation) and summer fog water (average δ15N = −1.2 ± 0.680/00), δ15NH4 values were significantly greater in fog water (11.4 ± 2.70/00) compared to rain (1.2 ± 0.90/00). We found no difference in δ15N in roots from forest edge trees compared to interior trees. In contrast, nitrogen concentrations and δ15N in foliage from forest edge trees were significantly greater compared to interior trees (P < 0.0001), suggesting that the leaves of forest edge trees may be obtaining a greater proportion of their nitrogen from fog compared to those of the interior trees. Natural abundance 13C of leaf sugars and rates of photosynthesis were significantly higher at the forest edge compared to the interior during the fog season (P < 0.05), but not different between locations in the rain season (P > 0.05). Nitrification in the forest floor, rather than the canopy, is the primary source of inline image in these soils throughout the year. Synthesis. Summer fog provides nitrogen directly and indirectly to redwood trees, especially those at the forest edge, and affects the physiologic function of redwood trees.
Temporal and spatial variability of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular hydrogen: observations at six EUROHYDROS stations
<p>These are the H2 mixing ratio and deuterium content data used in: <br /> Batenburg, A. M., Walter, S., Pieterse, G., Levin, I., Schmidt, M., Jordan, A., Hammer, S., Yver, C., and Röckmann, T.: Temporal and spatial variability of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular hydrogen: observations at six EUROHYDROS stations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6985-6999, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6985-2011, 2011,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/6985/2011/acp-11-6985-2011.html<br /> <br /> Please cite this ACP article when using these data in a publication, and kindly notify the first author (annekebatenburg'at'gmail.com).<br /> <br /> In the CSV files:<br /> - Mixing ratios are reduction gas analyzer results obtained at UHEI-IUP, MPI-BGC and LSCE.<br /> - dD(H2) data are obtained from analysis with the GC-IRMS system at the IMAU-APCG lab of Utrecht University. The estimated standard deviation/error in a single measurement is 4.5 permil, based on measurements of a laboratory working tank.<br /> - Outlier selection was based on visual inspection of the time series.<br /> - The "biased" or "downshifted" flag indicates dD measurements performed in a period where the dD results seemed to have a positive bias of approximately 9.5 permil. These samples were shown in the time series figure with the 9.5 permil subtracted, but excluded from the following quantitative analyses.<br /> - The last column indicates the number of succesfull repeat measurements of dD.<br /> <br /> More information can be found in the published, open-access article. Please do not hesitate to contact annekebatenburg'at'gmail.com if you have any questions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.