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Fig. 2 in Population size, distribution and daylight behaviour of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Penang Island, Malaysia

Fig. 2. Discovery curve showing the accumulation of new individuals identified during the period of study, related to the effort in hours per month when sighting were recorded. LDF = Left dorsal fin; RDF = Right dorsal fin; OBP = regardless of side.

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Fig. 3. A in Population size, distribution and daylight behaviour of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Penang Island, Malaysia

Fig. 3. A, individuals with the widest range of distribution during the time of the study; B, distribution of the sightings with the tide level (m) recorded for each sighting.

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Fig. 5 in Population size, distribution and daylight behaviour of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Penang Island, Malaysia

Fig. 5. The pattern of movement tracked when the Irrawaddy dolphins were feeding. The actual track is that of the boat following the dolphins. Some loops have been tagged as an example of what they look like (see inset). The movement was recorded 400 m from Pantai Kerachut while following a group of dolphins outside the survey path, west Penang.

Fig. 6 in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 6. Male (right) creeps toward female, tapping female's legs I with own legs I, male with extended legs I and extended palps (position 2).

Fig. 11. Male O in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 11. Male O. ichneumon with raised body and slightly flexed up abdomen (ca. 30°), palps in position 1.

Fig. 3 in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 3. Male Orsima ichneumon in resting position: (a) with legs I stretched out, abdomen lowered to substrate and palps slightly extended in position 2; (b) with hunched legs I, palps held in front of the cephalothorax.

Fig. 2 in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 2. (a) Typical forest edge habitat for Orsima ichneumon; (b) Orsima ichneumon are also found on Clerodendrum villosum, a roadside and forest-edge shrub covered in extra-floral nectaries.

Fig. 10. Two male O in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 10. Two male O. ichneumon engaged in rapid extension and retraction of legs I simultaneously. Male (right) is the process of 'rearing' up with legs (a) still held in front of its face (b) above head, at maximum rearing height.

Fig. 1 in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 1. (a) An adult male Orsima ichneumon; (b) an adult female O. ichneumon; (c) a juvenile O. ichneumon.

Fig. 9 in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 9. Mount behaviour and copulation (a) Male uses legs I and II to tap female's legs I and II, female assumes hunched legs and lowers cephalothorax to substrate with abdomen tilted higher than cephalothorax, allowing male to walk over her cephalothorax; (b) Male moves to left or right of female's abdomen; (c) Female's abdomen is rotated 30–60° for male to insert palp and copulation occurs.

Fig. 4 in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 4 Abdomen positions (a) Male O. ichneumon with extended palps (position 2); opened chelicerae (position 1) and flexed up abdomen (ca. 60°) on edge of leaf in response to a female nearby; (b) Female O. ichneumon with arched legs and flexed abdomen; (c) Male O. ichneumon with abdomen bent right of the sagittal plane, palps (position 1) and chelicerae held closed; (d) Male O. ichneumon displaying during male-male interaction, legs I elevated (position 2) with abdomen flexed up and bent to the left of the sagittal plane.

Fig. 8 in Courtship and male-male interaction behaviour of Orsima ichneumon (Simon, 1901), an ant-mimicking jumper spider (Arachnida: Salticidae)

Fig. 8. Leg positions. (a) Male O. ichneumon with lowered body to the substrate and extended legs I almost parallel to substrate, palps in position 2; (b) Male O. ichneumon with legs hunched and abdomen almost parallel to the substrate.

Figure 5 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 5. Box plots of Kimura two-parameter (K2P) distance of 672 bp cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences within and between Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes. Boxes indicate interquartile range (upper line, quartile 3; lower line, quartile 1). Horizontal lines with boxes indicate median and whiskers the minimum and the maximum values. Outliers are shown as individual circles.

Figure 4 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 4. Genetic structure analyses of Camponotus renggeri (yellow) and Camponotus rufipes (red) workers from Mogi- Guaçu (Brazil), using microsatellites. A, model-based assignment of individuals to the most likely number of clusters (K = 2) using STRUCTURE software. B, model-based assignment of individuals to different classes of hybrids or 'pure' species. Each individual is represented by a vertical line and the colours indicate the probability of the individual being assigned to a group in (A), or a hybrid or 'pure species' class in (B). C, scatterplot of the model-free principal coordinates analysis considering the two first principal coordinates (PCo1 and 2).

Figure 2 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 2. Main vegetation physiognomies of the cerrado reserve at Mogi-Guaçu, Brazil. Cerrado sensu stricto consists of a dense scrub of shrubs and trees and a fair amount of herbaceous vegetation, whereas the cerradão is a closed woodland with a reduced ground layer. Nests of Camponotus renggeri (N = 46) were found in cerrado sensu stricto (22%) and cerradão (78%), whereas Camponotus rufipes (N = 40) occurred only in cerrado sensu stricto. Drawing by L. Mota.

Figure 1 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 1. Workers of (A) Camponotus renggeri and (B) Camponotus rufipes. The two species are usually differentiated in the field by nuances in the integument colour (C. renggeri is shiny; C. rufipes is matte), and colour of the legs (yellowish in C. renggeri; reddish in C. rufipes). Photographs courtesy of L. Mota.

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Fig. 8 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 8. Multi-rayed star-like spicules of colonial tunicates Didemnum sp. in food pellets of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959).

Figure 6 in Three ways to distinguish species: using behavioural, ecological, and molecular data to tell apart two closely related ants, Camponotus renggeri and Camponotus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 6. Analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I haplotypes of Camponotus renggeri (yellow) and Camponotus rufipes (red). A, neighbour-joining tree constructed with Kimura two-parameter distances between C. renggeri and C. rufipes with bootstrap support values based on 10 000 replications indicated on each branch. B, median-joining network amongst the obtained haplotypes. Values on the branches represent the numbers of mutational steps distinguishing the haplotypes, represented as circles whose areas are proportional to the number of individuals with that haplotype.

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Fig. 6 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 6. Longitudinal section of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959). A, pharynx and main intestine; B, food pellet remains inside the main intestine. fp, food pellet; mi, main intestine; ph, pharynx.