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FIG. 11 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 11. — Lepidocyrtus labyrinthi Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, head chaetotaxy; B, organite and accessory sensillum on Ant IV; C, sensory organ of antennal segment III; D, prelabral chaetae (PR) and labral chaetae (rows 'p', 'm' and 'a'); E, maxillary palp and outer maxillary lobe; F, labial papilla 'E'; G, area postlabial; H, apical part of tibiotarsus, claw and empodium of leg 3; I, tip of furcula, mucro and mucronal spine. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, ciliated Mc; ○, mes or small/doubtful Mc, size proportional to reality. Scale bars: A, 0.05 mm; D, 0.005 mm; E-I, 0.02 mm.
FIG. 7 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 7. — Pachyotoma penalarensis Baquero & Jordana n. sp., body chaetotaxy, left – only sensillar chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 0.05 mm.
FIG. 4 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 4. — Places where new species have been collected more abundantly: A, C, E, G, photos of the sampled biotopes; B, D, F, H, exact installation point and brief card of the SSDs (location and collecting species of Entomobryomorpha Börner, 1913, excluding Orchesella Templeton, 1835). Species authorships: see Index of species.
FIG. 6 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 6. — Pachyotoma penalarensis Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, head chaetotaxy; B, antenna, with detail of organite (C); D, maxillary palp; E, tibiotarsus, claw and empodium of leg 3; F, furcula, left – anterior side, right – posterior side; G, tenaculum. Scale bars: A, B, E, F, 0.02 mm; D, G, 0.01 mm.
FIG. 1. — A in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 1. — A, basic orography of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park; B, location of the subterranean sampling devices (SSD) in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park; C, collection sites of the species collected with the SSDs; D, relative abundance of Entomobryomorpha Börner, 1913 species (excluding Orchesella Templeton, 1835); E, relative abundance by SSDs; F, species richness by SSD. Abbreviations: exx, specimens; spp, species. Species authorships: see Index of species.
FIG. 9 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 9. — Entomobrya guadarramensis Jordana & Baquero n. sp.: A, head chaetotaxy; B, maxillary palp and outer maxillary lobe; C, sensory organ of antennal segment III; D, Th II dorsal macrochaetotaxy; E, Abd I-III dorsal macrochaetotaxy; F, Abd IV-V dorsal macrochaetotaxy; G, chaetae from central area of Abd II; H, trochanteral organ; I, claw and empodium; J, tip of furcula showing the nonringed area of dens, mucro and mucronal spine. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●: Mc; ○, mes; ▲, sensilla. Scale bars: A, D-F, 0.05 mm; B, H-I, 0.02 mm; C, G, J, 0.01 mm.
FIG. 3 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 3. — Places where new species have been collected more abundantly: A, C, E, G, photos of the sampled biotopes; B, D, F, H, exact installation point and brief card of the SSDs (location and collecting species of Entomobryomorpha Börner, 1913, excluding Orchesella Templeton, 1835). Species authorships: see Index of species.
FIG. 8 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 8. — Habitus and color patterns of some species: A, Entomobrya guadarramensis Jordana & Baquero n. sp.; B, Entomobrya ledesmai Jordana & Baquero n. sp.; C, D, Lepidocyrtus labyrinthi Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; E, Lepidocyrtus purgatori Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; F, Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; G, Pseudosinella valverdei Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; H, Pseudosinella gonzaloi Baquero & Jordana n. sp. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.
FIG. 10 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 10. — Entomobrya ledesmai Jordana & Baquero n. sp.: A, head chaetotaxy; B, sensory organ of antennal segment III; C, labral papillae; D, Th II dorsal macrochaetotaxy; E, Abd I-III dorsal macrochaetotaxy; F, Abd IV dorsal macrochaetotaxy; G, chaetae from central area of Abd II; H, tibiotarsus of leg 3; I, trochanteral organ. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes; ▲, sensilla. Scale bars: A, D-F, 0.05 mm; H-I, 0.02 mm; B, C, G, 0.01 mm.
FIG. 5 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 5. — Folsomia trisetata Jordana & Ardanaz, 1981: A, antenna with detail of two sensilla; B, head chaetotaxy; C, body chaetotaxy (the arrow on segment IV-VI points to a sensillum on posterior side); D, furcula: manubrium and dens, anterior view; E, ♂ genital plate; F, body sensillar pattern. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, 0.02 mm; C, 0.05 mm.
FIG. 2 in Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain)
FIG. 2. — Diversity, abundance and percentage of Collembola (42 745 specimens) collected in the MSS of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park: A, values by orders and families; B, Entomobryidae Schäffer, 1896 species values (excluding Orchesella Templeton, 1835); C, Isotomidae Schäffer, 1896 species values. Species authorships: see Index of species.
Societies in balance: Monumentality and feasting activities among southern Naga communities, Northeast India (Data repository)
<p>The files provide supplementary information for the paper "Societies in balance: Monumentality and feasting activities among southern Naga communities, Northeast India".</p> <p>In accordance with the content and research questions of the article, this repository includes information on the megalithic monuments, as well as transcripts of the interviews conducted in the village of Rünguzu (Nagaland, India). Therefore, both the quantitative, and the qualitative results presented in the article could be reconstructed and reproduced on the basis of this repository.</p> <p>Information concerning the megalithic monuments of all the villages included in the analyses of the article are given in .csv format. The files include details of the monument type, the orientation of the monuments, the metric measures of the monuments, as well as the social affiliation of the monument builders (if available). These data are the basis for the comparative analyses of the megalithic monuments of the different villages, as well as the detailed analyses of the village Rünguzu. All box plots and bar charts presented in the article are completely based on the data made available here.</p> <p>Secondly, this repository includes transcripts of the interviews which were conducted in the village of Rünguzu. The qualitative descriptions of the village structure itself, the feasting activities, as well as the details of megalithic building activities are based on these interviews. Additionally, social anthropological literature and studies were vital as additional sources of information. The transcripts are, apart from the interviewers, completely anonymised in accordance to ethical standards in the publication of interviews.</p>
Net community production, nutrients, and hydrographic parameters in the South China Sea in October 2014 and June 2015
<p>Net community production (NCP) corresponds to the difference between photosynthesis and respiration and can be estimated based on the dissolved oxygen to argon ratio (O<sub>2</sub>/Ar) in the mixed layer. NCP is also an important proxy for the biological pump in the ocean. In order to figure out the influencing factors on NCP in the northern slope region of the South China Sea (SCS), we conducted high-resolution underway measurements of O<sub>2</sub>/Ar and hydrographic parameters using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and multi-parameter water quality logger (RBR Maestro) in the northern slope region of the SCS in October 2014 and June 2015, assisted by nutrients measurements. NCP in the mixed layer was estimated using the biological supersaturation of O<sub>2</sub>/Ar, Δ (O<sub>2</sub>/Ar), and gas transfer velocity (k). All the underway data were compiled into the 5-min interval. Surface water samples for the nutrients analysis were collected from Niskin bottles mounted on the conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) rosette at sampling stations, the nutrients were then photometrically determined by an auto-analyzer. The mixed layer depth (MLD) and the euphotic depth (Z<sub>eu</sub>) were calculated at stations where CTD casts were made based on potential density and chlorophyll fluorescence profile, respectively.</p>
Data from: Genetic diversity in widespread species is not congruent with species richness in alpine plant communities
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at the conservation of all three levels of biodiversity, i.e. ecosystems, species and genes. Genetic diversity represents evolutionary potential and is important for ecosystem functioning. Unfortunately, genetic diversity in natural populations is hardly considered in conservation strategies because it is difficult to measure and has been hypothesized to co-vary with species richness. This means that species richness is taken as a surrogate of genetic diversity in conservation planning, though their relationship has not been properly evaluated. We tested whether the genetic and species levels of biodiversity co-vary, using a large-scale and multi-species approach. We chose the high-mountain flora of the Alps and the Carpathians as study systems and demonstrate that species richness and genetic diversity are not correlated. Species richness thus cannot act as a surrogate for genetic diversity. Our results have important consequences for implementing the CBD when designing conservation strategies.
Data from: Resource addition drives taxonomic divergence and phylogenetic convergence of plant communities
1. Anthropogenic environmental changes are known to affect the Earth's ecosystems. However, how these changes influence assembly trajectories of the impacted communities remains a largely open question. 2. In this study, we investigated the effect of elevated nitrogen (N) deposition and increased precipitation on plant taxonomic and phylogenetic β-diversity in a 9-year field experiment in the temperate semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. 3. We found that both N and water addition significantly increased taxonomic β-diversity, whereas N, not water, addition significantly increased phylogenetic β-diversity. After the differences in local species diversity were controlled using null models, the standard effect size of taxonomic β-diversity still increased with both N and water addition, while water, not N, addition, significantly reduced the standard effect size of phylogenetic β-diversity. The increased phylogenetic convergence observed in the water addition treatment was associated with the colonization of different, but phylogenetically closely related, species into different replicate plots of the treatment. Species colonization in this treatment was found to be trait-based, with leaf nitrogen concentration being the key functional trait. 4. Synthesis. Our analyses demonstrate that anthropogenic environmental changes may affect the assembly trajectories of plant communities at both taxonomic and phylogenetic scales. Our results also suggest that while stochastic processes may cause communities to diverge in species composition, deterministic process could still drive communities to converge in phylogenetic community structure.
Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
<p>• Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4000 km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history.</p> <p>• We used dispersal-related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth-corner analysis together with RLQ ordination.</p> <p>• A median of 36% species in the communities were anemochorous (wind-dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory-herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialised seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments.</p> <p>• While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence of barochory and the herb growth form, traits that are common among Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Milder temperatures, found at lower latitudes/elevations, were associated with endozoochorous, shrub species mostly from the Ericaceae family. Anemochorous species were found all along the temperature gradient, possibly due to the success of anemochorous Compositae species in alpine regions. We also found that trait state dominance was more associated with the climatic conditions of the summit than with community phylogenetic structure. Although the evolutionary history of the tropical Andean flora has also shaped dispersal strategies, our results suggest that the environment had a more predominant role.</p> <p>• Synthesis: We showed that dispersal related traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in the Andes. Global warming may weaken this key filter at tropical alpine summits, potentially altering community dispersal strategies in this region and thus, plant community structure and composition.</p>
Surveying the communities of users of MATLAB and similar languages (Responses)
<p>This upload includes responses gathered from a survey applied to the users of MATLAB and its clone languages. It covers the participants' programming experience, how they interact with these languages, the importance they give to the reusability of their programs, object-oriented programming and how satisfied they are with these languages.</p>
Dataset - Spatio-temporal modeling of the crowding conditions and metabolic variability in microbial communities
<p><strong>Dataset simulated for the manuscript "Spatio-temporal modeling of the crowding conditions and metabolic variability in microbial communities" by Angeles-Martinez and Hatzimanikatis.</strong></p>
A questionnaire of community networks
<p>The result of a questionnaire on community networks, as studied in https://zenodo.org/record/7450</p>
Shifts in Phytoplankton Community Structure Across Oceanic Boundaries
<p>The two datasets "EnvironmentalData.csv" and "PSD_TransitionZone.csv" provide information about the environmental conditions and the distribution of phytoplankton populations in the North Pacific Ocean. </p> <p>Specifically, the "EnvironmentalData.csv" dataset contains measurements of various environmental parameters, including salinity, temperature, nutrient concentrations, and light availability. These measurements were used to characterize the physical and chemical conditions of the different regions sampled during the study, including the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) and the surrounding regions. The dataset include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>cruise</strong>: The identifier for the research cruise.</li> <li><strong>lat</strong>: Latitude.</li> <li><strong>lon</strong>: Longitude.</li> <li><strong>date</strong>: Date and time of the observation.</li> <li><strong>salinity</strong>: Salinity of the water (PSU).</li> <li><strong>temp</strong>: Water temperature (ºC).</li> <li><strong>par</strong>: Photosynthetically Active Radiation (µmol photons m-2 s-1).</li> <li><strong>SiO4</strong>: Silicate concentration (µM).</li> <li><strong>NO3_NO2</strong>: Nitrate and nitrite concentration (µM).</li> <li><strong>PO4</strong>: Phosphate concentration (µM).</li> <li><strong>MLD</strong>: Mixed layer depth (m).</li> <li><strong>light</strong>: Daily averaged PAR (µmol photons m-2 s-1).</li> </ul> <p>The "PSD_TransitionZone.csv" dataset contains information about the abundance, size, and biomass of different phytoplankton populations, including Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes, and nanoeukaryotes. These data were collected using <a href="https://seaflow.netlify.app/">SeaFlow - a custom-built flow cytometer</a>, and were used to investigate how the distribution and composition of phytoplankton communities change in relation to environmental gradients. The dataset include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>cruise</strong>: The identifier for the research cruise.</li> <li><strong>date</strong>: Date and time of the observation.</li> <li><strong>pop</strong>: Population type.</li> <li><strong>lat</strong>: Latitude.</li> <li><strong>lon</strong>: Longitude.</li> <li><strong>n_per_uL</strong>: Number of cells per microliter (10^6 cells µL-1).</li> <li><strong>c_per_uL</strong>: Carbon per microliter (pgC µL-1).</li> <li><strong>qc</strong>: Carbon quotas (pgC/cell).</li> <li><strong>diam</strong>: Diameter (µm).</li> </ul> <p>The R script "analysis.R" perfoms the analysis of the environmental and phytoplankton data in the North Pacific Ocean. The script performs the following steps:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Data Preprocessing</strong>: Cleans and prepares the data for analysis, including handling missing values and converting date/time formats.</li> <li><strong>Diel Trend Extraction</strong>: Extracts diel (day-night) trends from the phytoplankton data using a custom function that decomposes time series data into seasonal, trend, and residual components.</li> <li><strong>Data Merging</strong>: Merges the environmental and phytoplankton data into a single dataset for analysis.</li> <li><strong>Growth Rate Calculation</strong>: Calculates the cellular growth rate of different phytoplankton populations based on changes in their carbon quotas during daylight hours.</li> <li><strong>North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) Boundary Definition</strong>: Defines the boundaries of the NPSG based on changes in salinity along the cruise tracks.</li> <li><strong>Binning and Summarization</strong>: Bins the data over distance from the NPSG boundaries and calculates mean and standard deviation for various parameters within each bin.</li> <li><strong>Figure Generation</strong>: Generates several figures, including: <ul> <li>A map showing the cruise tracks and the location of the NPSG.</li> <li>Plots showing the change in environmental parameters (salinity, temperature, nutrients) across the NPSG boundaries.</li> <li>Plots showing the change in phytoplankton biomass, abundance, and growth rate across the NPSG boundaries.</li> <li>A correlation plot showing the relationship between phytoplankton growth, biomass, and environmental parameters.</li> </ul> </li> </ol>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.