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493 results for “Flightless”
Fig. 3 in A Flightless New Species ofGraphopsLeconte, 1884 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae) from Utah, USA
Fig. 3. Habitat of Graphops cavani (28 km NNE Hanksville on Hwy. 24, Emery County, Utah).
Figure 3. A–C in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)
Figure 3. A–C: Subgenital plate of male Monticolaria species. A, M. manyara; B, M. kilimandjarica; C, M. meruensis (scale bar represents 2 mm). D–F: dorsal view on apex of mid tibiae with enlarged internal spur of Monticolaria species. D, M. manyara; E, M. kilimandjarica; F, M. meruensis (scale bar represents 1 mm). G–I: subgenital plates of female Monticolaria species. G, M. kilimandjarica; H, M. manyara; I, M. meruensis (scale bar represents 1 mm).
Figure 2 in Biogeography, phylogeny and acoustics of the flightless bush-crickets of the East African genus Monticolaria Sjöstedt, 1909, with the description of a new species (Orthoptera: Phaneropterinae)
Figure 2. Bayesian inference of phylogeny of Monticolaria based on a fragment of the COI-gene. Priors were set to match a GTR + I model. Peronura clavigera was used as outgroup. Numbers above lineages indicate posterior probabilities obtained from the Bayesian inference analysis while numbers below lineages indicate bootstrap values from the maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining (using 1000 replicates), respectively. '*' indicates node support lower than 50%. Sample location is indicated in brackets.
Figure 9 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 9 - Comparison of charadriiform and sphenisciform sterni. A Alca torda (USNM 502382) B Aethia psittacula (NCSM 18514) C Sterna anaethetus (NCSM 17085) D Hydrophasianus chirurgus (USNM 490566) E Eudyptula minor (TMM M-391).
Figure 8 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 8 - Holotype specimen of Mancalla vegrandis (SDSNH 77399). A Right scapula in medial view B Left scapula in lateral view C Partial sternum in ventral view D Partial furcula in posterior view (dashed lines represent missing portion of left ramus) E Left coracoid in posterior view. Anatomical abbreviations: a acromion process ce caudal extremity of scapula cr sternal carina ct coracoidal tubercle fa furcular apophysis ff furcular facet of coracoid gp glenoid process lp latral process of coracoid lt lateral trabeculae of sternum pp procoracoid process st scapulotricipital tubercle.
Figure 6 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 6 - Comparison of sternal facet curvature in charadriiform left coracoids (sternal view; not to scale). A Stercorarius B Mancalla C Alca D Aethia.
Figure 5 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 5 - Line drawings for comparison of Mancallinae proximal humeri in posterior view (not to scale). A Miomancalla wetmorei B Miomancalla howardi C Mancalla californiensis D Mancalla cedrosensis E Mancalla vegrandis F Mancalla lucasi. Anatomical abbreviations: ms mancalline scar pf1 primary pneumotricipital fossa sc supracoracoidal crest vt ventral tubercle.
Figure 4 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 4 - Mancalla referred humeri in anterior view. A Mancalla vegrandis SDSNH 28152 B Mancalla vegrandis SDSNH 42534 C Mancalla vegrandis SDSNH 75051 D Mancalla vegrandis SDSNH 42532 E Mancalla lucasi SDSNH 59049.
Figure 7 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 7 - Holotype specimen of Mancalla vegrandis (SDSNH 77399) A Cervical vertebra (C3?) in dorsal view B Cervical vertebra (C4?) in ventral view C Left humerus in posterior view D Costal rib E Vertebral rib F Pelvis in dorsal view. Anatomical abbreviations: ac acetabulum at antitrochanter ats antitrochanteral sulcus c capitulum of vertebral rib cg capital groove d deltopectoral crest dis dorsal illiac spine dsp dorsal supracondylar process fp flexor process h hypapophysis is iliosynsacral suture pf1 primary pneumotricipital fossa pz postzygapophysis sa sternal articulation of costal rib sc supracoracoidal crest tf tricipital fossae vt ventral tubercle.
Figure 2 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 2 - Map depicting Mancallinae fossil localities. 1 Shiriya, Honshu, Japan 2 Humboldt County, CA, USA 3 Los Angeles, CA, USA 4 Laguna Hills, and Laguna Niguel, CA, USA 5 San Diego, CA, USA 6 Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico.
Figure 3 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 3 - Holotype specimen of Mancalla lucasi (SDSNH 25237). A Fragment of anterior sternum in anterior view B Carinal apex of sternum in right lateral view C Right humerus in anterior view D Left humerus in proximal view E Left humerus in distal view F Left humerus in posterior view G Left scapula in lateral view H Right scapula in medial view I Left femur in anterior view. Anatomical abbreviations: a acromion process bc bicipital crest c caput ca carinal apex ce caudal extremity of scapula cg capital groove cs coracoidal sulcus ct coracoidal tubercle d deltopectoral crest dc dorsal condyle dsp dorsal supracondylar dst dorsal supracondylar tubercle fh femoral head fp flexor process gp glenoid process hs humerotricipital sulcus le lateral epicondyle pf1 primary pneumotricipital fossa ps pectoralis scar sc supracoracoidal crest si sulcus intercondylaris sr sternal rostrum ss scapulotricipital sulcus st scapulotricipital tubercle tc trochanteric crest tls transverse ligament sulcus vc ventral condyle vst ventral supracondylar tubercle vt ventral tubercle.
Figure 17 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 17 - Comparison of charadriiform and sphenisciform carpometacarpi. A Anous minutus (USNM 622415) B Cerorhinca monocerata (USNM 620641) C Pinguinus impennis (USNM 623465) D Mancalla cedrosensis (LACM 15373) E Eudyptula minor (TMM M-931). Anatomical abbreviations: aII:1 articulation of digit II phalanx 1 ct carpal trochlea ep extensor process mc1 first metacarpal mc2 second metacarpal mc3 third metacarpal.
Figure 15 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 15 - Results of secondary phylogenetic analysis of Mancallinae inter-relationships (2 MPT's; TL: 15,971; CI O.38; RI O.51; RCI 0.19). Bootstrap values (>50%) are displayed above nodes, and Bremer support values are displayed below nodes.
Figure 16 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 16 - Wing elements of flightless and volant auks depicting decreased range of motion and shortening of distal wing elements. Elements not to scale and degree of flexion estimated based on manual articulation of specimens: A Mancalla (composite LACM 154560) B Pinguinus impennis (composite USNM 346387) C Alca torda (NCSM 20502). Anatomical abbreviations: c carpometacarpus h humerus r radius u ulna.
Figure 14 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 14 - Results of primary phylogenetic analysis including the Mancallinae SST (2 MPT's; TL: 15,974; CI O.38; RI O.50; RCI 0.19). Bootstrap values (>50%) are displayed above nodes, and Bremer support values are displayed below nodes.
Figure 13 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 13 - Skull of Mancallinae (SDSNH 25236). A Dorsal view of skull B Dorsal view of mandible C Left lateral view of skull D Left lateral view of mandible E Ventral view of skull F Ventral view of mandible (sketches by Michael Emerson).
Figure 12 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 12 - Referred left humerus of Miomancalla howardi (SDSNH 24584; dark outlined areas represent reconstructed areas obscured by repair). A posterior view B dorsal view C anterior view D ventral view E proximal view F distal view. Anatomical abbreviations: bs brachialis scar c caput cg capital groove d deltopectoral crest dc dorsal condyle dsp dorsal supracondylar process dst dorsal supracondylar tubercles fp flexor process hs humerotricipital sulcus pf1 primary pneumotricipital fossa ps pectoralis scar sc supracoracoidal crest ss scapulotricipital sulcus tc tricipital crest tf tricipital fossae tls transverse ligament sulcus vc ventral condyle vst ventral supracondylar tubercle vc ventral condyle vst ventral supracondylar tubercle vt ventral tubercle.
Figure 11 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 11 - Photograph A and line drawing B of the skull of Miomancalla howardi compared with the skull of Pinguinus impennis (C; not to scale; USNM 346387). Cross-hatched lines on the premaxilla represent abrasion and dotted lines represent approximate reconstruction of incomplete elements. Anatomical abbreviations: a articular cmf caudal mandibular fenestrae en external nares f frontal j jugal l lacrimal m mandible n nasal pm premaxilla nfh nasofrontal hinge o orbit rmf rostral mandibular fenestra sq squamosal; ? unidentified bone fragment.
Figure 10 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 10 - Holotype specimen of Miomancalla howardi (SDSNH 68312). A Photograph with contrast digitally adjusted to better display bone against similarly colored matrix B Line drawing of holotype specimen showing position of preserved elements with bones in light grey and matrix in dark grey.
Figure 1 from: Smith N (2011) Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae). ZooKeys 91: 1-116. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.91.709
Figure 1 - Comparison of alcid humeri in posterior view. Previously recognized Mancallinae holotype humeri along with examples of Pinguinus impennis and volant Alca torda humeri for comparison (dotted lines represent reconstructed parts of humeri). A Holotype specimen of Mancalla californiensis (USNM 4976) B Holotype humerus of Mancalla cedrosensis (LACM 15373) C Holotype specimen of Miomancalla wetmorei (LACM 42653) D Pinguinus impennis (USNM 623465) E Alca torda (NCSM 20058). Anatomical abbreviations: cg capital groove d deltopectoral crest dsp dorsal supracondylar process fp flexor process pf1 primary pneumotricipital fossa sc supracoracoidal crest.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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