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FIGURE 8 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 8. Number of species by hydrographic basin, Rio Grande do Sul State. RU = rio Uruguay and rio Negro, LP = Laguna dos Patos system, TR = rio Tramandaí and rio Mampituba. Species that occur concomitantly in the rio Uruguay and Laguna dos Patos (RU+LP), Laguna dos Patos and rio Tramandaí (LP+TR) or in all three drainages are counted separately.

FIGURE 11 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 11. Density of fish lots per square kilometer for each Brazilian state catalogued in fish collections available at speciesLink database. Graph represents data for the three richest families in the Neotropics (Characidae, Loricariidae, and Cichlidae).

FIGURE 1 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 1. Rio Grande do Sul State (limited by a light gray background in detail and green in the map of South America), showing the drainages of the rio Uruguay (black), rio Negro (light brown), Laguna dos Patos (blue), arroio Chuí (light green), rio Tramandaí (green), rio Mampituba (red), and rio Araranguá (purple). These drainages are grouped in the following ecoregions according to Abell et al. (2008): upper rio Uruguay ecoregion (1—upper portion of rio Uruguay limited by the Salto do Yucumã water fall at 27 o 08'34"S 53 o 53'10"W, represented by a black vertical bar); lower rio Uruguay ecoregion (2—middle and 3—lower portions of rio Uruguay and the rio Negro); Laguna dos Patos ecoregion (4—rio Jacuí, 5—Laguna dos Patos, 6— lagoa Mirim, and arroio Chuí); and Tramandaí-Mampituba ecoregion (rio Tramandaí, rio Mampituba and rio Araranguá).

FIGURE 3 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 3. Relative number of freshwater fish species per order in the Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

FIGURE 10 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 10. Relative frequency of fish species from Rio Grande do Sul State per class of body size (standard length in mm).

FIGURE 7. Hyphessobrycon aff. griemi, UFRGS 17529, 24.3 in Inventory of the freshwater fishes from a densely collected area in South America — a case study of the current knowledge of Neotropical fish diversity

FIGURE 7. Hyphessobrycon aff. griemi, UFRGS 17529, 24.3 mm SL, tributary stream of the rio das Pacas, rio Mampituba basin; new record for the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

FIGURE 22 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURE 22. Tree resulting from Bayesian inference analysis of 28 S rDNA data. Nodal support is given as bootstrap / posterior probabilities. Branch length scale bar indicate number of substitutions per site. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. sp. in bold.

FIGURES 1 – 7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURES 1 – 7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru, line drawings. (1) Scolex, dorsal view. (2) Terminal genitalia, ventral. (3) Gravid proglottid, ventral; note ventral uterine openings. (4) Pregravid proglottid, ventral; the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (5, 6) Eggs. (7) Cross section at level of the cirrus-sac. (1, 2, 4 – 7 = holotype – MHNG-PLAT 63132; 3 = paratype – IPCAS C- 733). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; doc – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; oo – oocapt; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; upo – uterine pore-like opening; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.

FIGURES 17 – 21 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURES 17 – 21. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces of Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica (17 – 19), and Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru (20, 21).

FIGURES 8 – 16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURES 8 – 16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica, line drawings. (8) Scolex, dorsal view (paratype 3 – CNHE No. 10044). (9) Frontal sections of scolex, showing the anterior circular musculature of suckers (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (10) Frontal sections of the scolex, showing an apical sucker (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (11, 12) Cross sections at level of the cirrus-sac and ovary, respectively (holotype – IPCAS C- 734). (13) Pregravid proglottid, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085); the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (14, 15) Eggs (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (16) Terminal genitalia, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vd – vitelline duct; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.

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Data and code for: A sensory ecology of fear: Eye size predicts moonlight avoidance responses in Neotropical electric fishes

<p>Data in support of: Eye size predicts moonlight avoidance responses in Neotropical electric fishes</p>

FIGURE 22 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURE 22. Tree resulting from Bayesian inference analysis of 28S rDNA data. Nodal support is given as bootstrap/posterior probabilities. Branch length scale bar indicate number of substitutions per site. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. sp. in bold.

FIGURES 17–21 in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURES 17–21. Scanning electron micrographs of the scoleces of Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica (17–19), and Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru (20, 21).

FIGURES 1–7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURES 1–7. Cichlidocestus gillesi n. g., n. sp. from Cichlasoma amazonarum, Peru, line drawings. (1) Scolex, dorsal view. (2) Terminal genitalia, ventral. (3) Gravid proglottid, ventral; note ventral uterine openings. (4) Pregravid proglottid, ventral; the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (5, 6) Eggs. (7) Cross section at level of the cirrus-sac. (1, 2, 4–7 = holotype – MHNG-PLAT 63132; 3 = paratype – IPCAS C-733). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; doc – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; oo – oocapt; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; upo – uterine pore-like opening; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.

FIGURES 8–16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n in A New Genus And Two New Species Of Proteocephalidean Tapeworms (Cestoda) From Cichlid Fish (Perciformes: Cichlidae) In The Neotropics

FIGURES 8–16. Cichlidocestus janikae n. g., n. sp. from Hypsophrys nicaraguensis, Costa Rica, line drawings. (8) Scolex, dorsal view (paratype 3 – CNHE No. 10044). (9) Frontal sections of scolex, showing the anterior circular musculature of suckers (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (10) Frontal sections of the scolex, showing an apical sucker (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (11, 12) Cross sections at level of the cirrus-sac and ovary, respectively (holotype – IPCAS C-734). (13) Pregravid proglottid, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085); the uterus is not drawn and the ventral osmoregulatory canals are not all figured. (14, 15) Eggs (paratype 4 – MHNG-PLAT 94086). (16) Terminal genitalia, ventral (holotype – MHNG-PLAT 94085). Abbreviations: as – apical sucker; cc – chromophilic cells lining uterine diverticula; ci – cirrus; cm – circular musculature; cs – cirrus-sac; du – diverticula of uterus; eh – embryonic hooks; em – bilayered embryophore; gc – gland cells; ilm – internal longitudinal musculature; isv – internal seminal vesicle; mg – Mehlis' gland; oe – outer envelope; on – oncosphere; ov – ovary; pc – prostatic cells; sc – subtegumental cells; sd – sperm duct; sr – seminal receptacle; st – subtegumental muscle fibers; su – sucker; te – testes; tg – tegument; ut – uterus; vc – vaginal canal; vd – vitelline duct; vf – vitelline follicles; voc – ventral osmoregulatory canal; vs – vaginal sphincter.

FIGURES 30–33 in Towards a robust systematic baseline of Neotropical fish tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae): amended diagnoses of two genera from the redtail catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

FIGURES 30–33. LINe DRAWINgS Of Zygobothrium megacephalum DIeSINg, 1850 fROM Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. 30. PRegRAVID PROgLOTTID, VeNTRAL VIeW (MHNG-PLAT-21854). NOTe: THe UTeRUS IS OMITTeD. 31. GRAVID PROgLOTTID, VeNTRAL VIeW (MHNG-PLAT-85239). 32, 33. CROSS-SeCTIONS AT THe LeVeL Of THe ANTeRIOR AND POSTeRIOR PARTS Of PROgLOTTID, ReSPeCTIVeLY (MHNG-PLAT-18316). Abbreviations: CC—CHROMOPHILIC CeLLS; DO—DORSAL OSMORegULATORY CANAL; DU—DIVeRTICULA Of UTeRUS; LM—INTeRNAL LONgITUDINAL MUSCULATURe; OO—OVARIAN OUTgROWTHS; OV—OVARY; ST—SUbTegUMeNTAL MUSCLe fIbeRS; SU— SUbTegUMeNTAL CeLLS; Te—TeSTeS; Tg—TegUMeNT; UT—UTeRUS; VI—VITeLLINe fOLLICLeS; VO—VeNTRAL OSMORegULATORY CANAL.

FIGURES 10–12 in Towards a robust systematic baseline of Neotropical fish tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae): amended diagnoses of two genera from the redtail catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

FIGURES 10–12. LINe DRAWINgS Of Ephedrocephalus microcephalus DIeSINg, 1850 fROM Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. 10. SCOLeX, DORSOVeNTRAL VIeW (MHNG-PLAT-22371) 11. SCOLeX, SAgITTAL SeCTION (MHNG-PLAT-28296). 12. GRAVID PROgLOTTID, VeNTRAL VIeW (MHNG-PLAT-22009). NOTe: THe TeSTeS ARe OMITTeD. Abbreviations: CC—CHROMOPHILIC CeLLS; DO—DORSAL OSMORegULATORY CANALS; gC—gLANDULAR CeLLS; LM—INTeRNAL LONgITUDINAL MUSCULATURe; Me—MeTASCOLeX; OC—OSMORegULATORY CANALS; VO—VeNTRAL OSMORegULATORY CANALS.

FIGURES 13–18 in Towards a robust systematic baseline of Neotropical fish tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae): amended diagnoses of two genera from the redtail catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

FIGURES 13–18. LINe DRAWINgS Of Ephedrocephalus microcephalus DIeSINg, 1850 fROM Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. 13. PRegRAVID PROgLOTTID, DORSAL VIeW (MHNG-PLAT-22009). NOTe: ONLY THe LATeRALMOST VITeLLINe fOLLICLeS IN THe ANTIPORAL AND POSTPORAL SIDeS ARe RePReSeNTeD, bUT THeY OCCUPY THe eNTIRe VeNTRAL SURfACe. 14–16. CROSS-SeCTIONS AT LeVeL Of MIDDLe PART Of PROgLOTTID, CIRRUS-SAC AND OVARY, ReSPeCTIVeLY (MHNG-PLAT-21910). 17. TeRMINAL geNITALIA, DORSAL VIeW (MHNG-PLAT- 22009). 18. EggS IN DISTILLeD WATeR (MHNG-PLAT-21851). Abbreviations: CC—CHROMOPHILIC CeLLS; CI—CIRRUS; CS—CIRRUS-SAC; DO—DORSAL OSMORegULATORY CANAL; eD—ejACULATORY DUCT; eM—eMbRYOPHORe; gA—geNITAL ATRIUM; LM—INTeRNAL LONgITUDINAL MUSCULATURe; LN—LONgITUDINAL NeRVe; Mg—MeHLIS' gLAND; OD—OVIDUCT; ON—ONCOSPHeRe; OV—OVARY; ST—SUbTegUMeNTAL MUSCLe fIbeRS; SU—SUbTegUMeNTAL CeLLS; Te—TeSTeS; Tg—TegUMeNT; UT—UTeRUS; V—VACUOLe; VA—VAS DefeReNS; VC—VAgINAL CANAL; VI—VITeLLINe fOLLICLeS; VO—VeNTRAL OSMORegULATORY CANAL; VS—VAgINAL SPHINCTeR.

FIGURE 29 in Towards a robust systematic baseline of Neotropical fish tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae): amended diagnoses of two genera from the redtail catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

FIGURE 29. LINe DRAWINg Of Zygobothrium megacephalum DIeSINg, 1850 fROM Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. SAgITTAL SeCTION Of THe SCOLeX, SHOWINg THe POWeRfUL CIRCULAR MUSCULATURe IN THe ANTeRIOR PART Of SUCKeRS, USeD AS A SPHINCTeR fOR THe HOLDfAST SYSTeM (MHNG-PLAT-21847). Abbreviations: CM—CIRCULAR MUSCULATURe; LM—INTeRNAL LONgITUDINAL MUSCULATURe; OC—OSMORegULATORY CANAL.

FIGURES 19–28 in Towards a robust systematic baseline of Neotropical fish tapeworms (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae): amended diagnoses of two genera from the redtail catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus

FIGURES 19–28. SCANNINg eLeCTRON MICROgRAPHS Of Zygobothrium megacephalum DIeSINg, 1850 (MHNG-PLAT-85239) fROM Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. 19. SCOLeX, ANTeRO-DORSOVeNTRAL VIeW. 20. SCOLeX, APICAL VIeW. 21. SCOLeX, LATeRAL VIeW. 22. DeTAIL Of THe SURfACe Of A MATURe PROgLOTTID. NOTe: THe LACINIATION PATTeRN ON THe PROgLOTTID SURfACeS. 23–28. MICROTRICHeS ON THe APeX Of THe SCOLeX, bRIDge-LIKe TISSUe, eXTeRNAL RIM Of SUCKeRS, beTWeeN SUCKeRS, STRObILA AND SURfACe Of LACINIATION, ReSPeCTIVeLY. NOTe: SMALL bLACK NUMbeRS CORReSPOND TO THe fIgUReS SHOWINg HIgHeR MAgNIfICATION IMAgeS Of THeSe SURfACeS.