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Fig. 1 in Ordovician polychaeturid polychaetes: Taxonomy, distribution and palaeoecology

Fig. 1. Elements of jaw apparatuses of Ordovician polychaeturid polychaete Pteropelta gladiata Eisenack, 1939. A–I. Left MI, all in dorsal view. A. GIT 592−34, sample OM97−5, Väike−Pakri Cliff, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. B. GIT 592−35, sample OM97−20, Väike−Pakri Cliff, Estonia, Uhaku Stage, Darriwilian. C. GIT 592−36, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. D. GIT 433−24, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. E. GIT 592−37, sample OM97−116, Väike−Pakri Island, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. F. GIT 592−38, sample OM−205, Vaemla F−364 borehole, 140 m, Estonia, Keila Stage, Sandbian. G. GIT 592−39, sample M96−81, Orjaku borehole, 112.5 m, Estonia, Rakvere Stage, Katian. H. GIT 592−40, sample M96−1, Laeva 18 borehole, 187.45 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. I. LO 10476, sample 04E1−3, Stormyr−2 borehole, 213.65 m, Sweden, Pirgu Stage, Katian. J–Q. Right MI, all in dorsal view. J. GIT 433−25, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian, magnified (J1) and reduced to the same scale as O, to show size variation (J2). K. GIT 592−41, sample OM03−51, Viru Mine, Estonia, Kukruse Stage, Sandbian. L. GIT 592−42, sample OM−205, Vaemla F−364 borehole, 140 m, Estonia, Keila Stage, Sandbian. M. GIT 592−43, sample M96−49, Orjaku borehole, 47.62 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. N. GIT 592−44, sample M96−49, Orjaku borehole, 47.62 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. O. GIT 592−45, sample D−102/22, Lelle D−102 borehole, 141.42 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. P. GIT 592−46, sample D−102/49, Lelle D−102 borehole, 146.18 m, Estonia, Vormsi Stage, Katian. Q. LO 10477, sample 04E1−3, Stormyr−2 borehole, 213.65 m, Sweden, Pirgu Stage, Katian. R. Left MI, ventral view, GIT 592−47, sample OM97−5, Väike−Pakri Cliff, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. S. Left MI, left lateral view, GIT 592−48, sample M96−81, Orjaku borehole, 112.5 m, Estonia, Rakvere Stage, Katian. T. Right MI, right lateral view, GIT 592−49, sample M96−81, Orjaku borehole, 112.5 m, Estonia, Rakvere Stage, Katian. U. Apparatus, GIT 592−50, sample M−4711, Suhkrumägi outcrop, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. V. Apparatus, GIT 592−51, sample M−4430, Orjaku borehole, 135.6 m, Estonia, Keila Stage, Sandbian/Katian. W. Basal plate, GIT 592−52, sample M−4711, Suhkrumägi outcrop, Estonia, Kunda Stage, Darriwilian. X. Carriers, GIT 315−34, sample M96−77, Orjaku borehole, 63.8 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. Y. Carriers, GIT 592−53, sample M96−49, Orjaku borehole, 47.62 m, Estonia, Pirgu Stage, Katian. SEM micrographs, scale bars 100 µm.

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Fig. 2. Oepikellid ostracods from Palaeozoic erratic boulders. A in Sexual dimorphism and pore systems in Ordovician ostracodes

Fig. 2. Oepikellid ostracods from Palaeozoic erratic boulders. A. Holotype of the type species of the oepikellid ostracod Levisulculus, Levisulculus lineatus Jaanusson, 1957 (UM T89), female left valve, length (L) 0.89 mm. B. Holotype of Primitia extraria Öpik, 1937 (TUG 1120−1; Kukruse Stage, Estonia), tecnomorphic right valve, L 0.88 mm. C. Holotype of Primitia troedssoni Thorslund, 1940 (UM T10), tecnomorphic right valve, L 0.79 mm. D. Holotype of Primitia granulosa Thorslund, 1940 (UM T11), tecnomorphic right valve, L 0.86 mm (Jaanusson 1957: pl. 8: 12, Öpik 1937: pl. 10: 19, Thorslund 1940: pl. 1: 16, 13). E–H. Primitia elongata obliqua Steusloff, 1895: type series, all tecnomorphic valves embedded in rock. Geschiebe (glacial erratic boulder) from Neubrandenburg. E. Lectotype GG 114−27, left valve, L 1.16 mm (without velum). F. GG 114−26, right valve, L 1.07 mm. G. GG 114−28, right valve, L 0.99 mm (without velum). H. GG 114−29, right valve, L 0.82 mm. I. Primitia canaliculata Steusloff, 1895, holotype GG 114−25, steinkern of a juvenile right valve embedded in rock, L 0.70 mm, same erratic boulder.

Fig. 4 in The Aperture and Its Closure in an Ordovician Conulariid

Fig. 4. Closure with triangular terminal ends in a topotype of Conularia brongniarti Archiac and Verneuil, 1842 from the Devonian of Néhou (Manche, France), FSL−EM 17501, in apertural (A) and lateral (B) views.

Fig. 1 in The Aperture and Its Closure in an Ordovician Conulariid

Fig. 1. Topotype of the conulariid scyphozoan Metaconularia? anomala (Barrande, 1867) from the Drabov quartzites of Bohemia, NM−PM2− L25097. The specimen is a steinkern with a plicated apertural closure. Arrows point to accessory lines which may be muscle tracks.

Fig. 2 in The Aperture and Its Closure in an Ordovician Conulariid

Fig. 2. Apertural ends in Metaconularia? anomala with a plicated type of closure as figured by Bouček (1939: fig. 4c).

Fig. 3 in The Aperture and Its Closure in an Ordovician Conulariid

Fig. 3. Types of closures in conulariid scyphozoans. A. Plicated type closure in Metaconularia? anomala (Barrande, 1867) from the Drabov quartzites of Bohemia, NM−PM2−L25097. B. Triangular lappet type of closure in Metaconularia aspersa (Lindström, 1884) from the Lower Ludlow of Church Hill, Herefordshire, England, NHM−L−G5373. C. Lobate lappet type of closure in Paraconularia quadrisulcata (Sowerby, 1821) from the Carboniferous of Carluke, Lanarkshire, Scotland, NHM−L 46784. All are accompanied by sketches (based on Moore and Harrington 1956) showing different stages in the closure.

Fig. 6 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 6. Bivariate plots of 51 measured specimens of Leoniorthis robusta. Solid rhombi represent specimens from Putilovo mud mound, open squares represent specimens from Popovka River, triangles represent specimens from Suhkrumägi road cut.

Fig. 5 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 5. Leoniorthis robusta gen. et. sp. nov. A–F. Specimens from Putilovo mud mound. G–J. Specimens from Popovka River. A. Holotype, PMU In 110, dorsal exterior (A1) and interior (A2). B. PMU In 111, ventral exterior. C. PMU In 145, ventral interior. D. PMU In 144, ventral interior. E. PMU In 120, dorsal interior (E1); enlargement of cardinal region (E2). F. PMU In 153, oblique view of hingeline and dorsal valve of conjoined specimen. G. PMU In 121, dorsal exterior. H. PMU In 122, dorsal interior. I. PMU In 125, ventral exterior. J. PMU In 123, ventral interior. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 2. The standard section in Putilovo Quarry compared with the mud mound section (after Tolmacheva, Fedorov, and Egerquist in press). Levels with occurrences of Neumania paucicostata are marked with squares; levels with Leoniorthis robusta are marked with circles.

Fig. 4 in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 4. Neumania paucicostata sp. nov. Specimens from Putilovo Quarry. A. Holotype PMU In 108; ventral valve interior (A1), enlargement of the spondylium showing the muscle attachment area (A2). B. PMU In 113, oblique internal view of ventral valve showing the U−shaped spondylium. Note that this specimen does not possess rounded muscle scars as in the holotype. C. PMU In 112, enlargement of spondylium on broken ventral valve, slightly oblique view showing theroughmuscleattachmentarea. D.PMUIn109,ventralviewofconjoinedspecimen. E.ExteriorofspecimenPMUIn228indifferentviews. F.PMUIn107, dorsal interior and exterior. G. PMU In 224; oblique posterior view of cardinalia (G1), dorsal valve interior (G2). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Neumania paucicostata. A. Dorsal valve interior showing the anteriorlylobedmusclescars,drawnfromspecimenPMUIn107. B in New brachiopods from the Lower-Middle Ordovician (Billingen-Volkhov stages) of the East Baltic

Fig. 3. Neumania paucicostata. A. Dorsal valve interior showing the anteriorlylobedmusclescars,drawnfromspecimenPMUIn107. B.Lateralview of ventral valve drawn from specimen PMU In 108 (holotype).

Fig.9. A–F in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.9. A–F. Nalivkinia (Pronalivkinia) zvontsovi sp.nov.; A–E, from sample 5190, F, from sample 2523. A. NMW 98.30G.54, holotype, lateral (A1), anterior (A2), ventral (A3), and dorsal (A4) views of conjoined valves, × 3. B. NMW 98.30G.53, lateral (B1), anterior (B2), ventral (B3), and dorsal (B4) views of conjoined valves, × 2.5. C. NMW 98.30G.55, lateral (C1), anterior (C2), dorsal (C3), and ventral (C4) views of conjoined valves, × 2. D. NMW 98.30G.57, lateral view of incomplete shell showing spiralia, × 3.7. E. NMW 98.30G.56, anterior (E1), dorsal (E2), ventral (E3), and lateral (E4) views of conjoined valves, × 1.7. F. NMW 98.30G.58, lateral view of incomplete shell showing spiralia, × 2.25. G. Sulcatospira prima Popov, Nikitin, and Sokiran; sample 5190; NMW 98.30G.49, lateral (G1), anterior (G2), ventral (G3), and dorsal (G4) views of conjoined valves, × 4.

Fig.8 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.8.Transverse serial sections of conjoined valves and reconstruction of brachial supports of Nalivkinia (Pronalivkinia) zvontsovi sp.nov.Dorsal valve uppermost.

Fig.7 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.7.Transverse serial sections of conjoined valves of Sulcatospira prima Popov, Nikitin, and Sokiran.Distance in mm is measured from the posterior tip of the ventral beak. Dorsal valve uppermost.

Fig.6 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.6.Transverse serial sections of conjoined valves of Rhynchotrema seletensis sp.nov.Distance in mm is measured from the posterior tip of the ventral beak. Dorsal valve uppermost.

Fig.5. A–F in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.5. A–F. Rhynchotrema seletensis sp.nov. A, C, F, sample 2523; B, D, E, sample 550a. A. NMW 98.30G.40, ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), anterior (A3), and lateral (A4) views of conjoined valves, × 2.25. B. NMW 98.30G.43, ventral internal mould (B1) and latex cast (B2), × 3. C. NMW 98.30G.41, holotype, ventral (C1), dorsal (C2), lateral (C3), and anterior (C4) views of conjoined valves, × 2.25. D. NMW 98.30G.45, latex cast of dorsal interior, × 2.5. E.NMW 98.30G.42, latex cast of dorsal valve interior (E1) and dorsal internal mould (E2), × 2.25. F. NMW 98.30G.44, anterior (F1), ventral (F2), dorsal (F3), and lateral (F4) views of conjoined valves, × 3. G. Dinorthis taukensis sp. nov.; NMW 98.30G.37, holotype, sample 2523; dorsal (G1), ventral (G2), lateral (G3), anterior (G4), and posterior (G5) views of conjoined valves, × 2.25. H. Glyptomena kaskolica sp. nov.; NMW 98.30G.12, holotype, sample 550a; latex cast of ventral interior showing muscle field, × 2.25.

Fig.2 in Late Ordovician brachiopods from the Selety river basin, north Central Kazakhstan

Fig.2.Generalised successions in selected sections of the Tauken Formation showing stratigraphic position of the Kaskol beds and brachiopod sampl es.

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Fig. 2 in Pellets independent of or associated with Bohemian Ordovician body fossils

Fig. 2. The Ordovician stratigraphy in the Prague Basin with shaded stratigraphic levels of occurrences of pellets.

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Fig. 1 in Pellets independent of or associated with Bohemian Ordovician body fossils

Fig. 1. Map showing the sample localities and position of localities. Šárka Formation: 1, Osek; 2, Díly; 3, Borek; 4, Těškov; 5, Praha−Šárka; 6, Popovice near Brandýs nad Labem. Dobrotivá Formation: 7, Svatá Dobrotivá; 8, Praha−Šárka (pole u vily). Zahořany Formation: 9, Dubeč. Bohdalec Formation: 10, Nová Ves. Králův Dvůr Formation: 11, Králův Dvůr, 12; Lejškov.