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684 results for “Phylogenetic placement”
Data from: INSTRAL: discordance-aware phylogenetic placement using quartet scores
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Data from: Molecular phylogenetics of Gobioidei and phylogenetic placement of European gobies
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Data from: Aeschynomene chicocesariana, a striking new unifoliolate legume species from Brazilian Chapada Diamantina and its phylogenetic placement in the dalbergioid clade
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Fig. 6 in Rediscovery of Andrea's keelback, Hebius andreae (Ziegler & Le, 2006): First country record for Laos and phylogenetic placement
Fig. 6. Bayesian phylogram based on all data combined and a single model. Numbers above and under branches are MP/ML bootstrap values and combined/partitioned Bayesian posterior probabilities (>50%), respectively. Hyphen and asterisk denote <50% and 100% values, respectively.
Fig. 4 in Rediscovery of Andrea's keelback, Hebius andreae (Ziegler & Le, 2006): First country record for Laos and phylogenetic placement
Fig. 4. Line drawing and colour painting of the right head side of Hebius andreae (VNUF R.2017.25) from Laos. Drawing T. Ziegler, painting C. Niggemann.
Fig. 3 in Rediscovery of Andrea's keelback, Hebius andreae (Ziegler & Le, 2006): First country record for Laos and phylogenetic placement
Fig. 3. Head views of the juvenile male of Hebius andreae (VNUF R.2017.25) from Laos in preservative. Photos T. Ziegler.
Figure 2 from: Medeiros H, de Carvalho Lopes J, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Forzza RC (2020) A new species of Thinouia (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae) from the Amazon and its phylogenetic placement. PhytoKeys 165: 115-126. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.57341
Figure 2 Thinouia cazumbensisA fruiting branch B detail of leaf, abaxial view C racemiform inflorescence with a pair of basal tendrils D detail of inflorescence (cincinnus) E flower with removed petals showing a 5-lobed nectary disc F detail of fruit G infructescence (A–G) from H. Medeiros 3401 (RB). Photos by H. Medeiros.
Figure 1 from: Medeiros H, de Carvalho Lopes J, Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Forzza RC (2020) A new species of Thinouia (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae) from the Amazon and its phylogenetic placement. PhytoKeys 165: 115-126. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.57341
Figure 1 A bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis of the combined, two-marker dataset for Paulliniodae and outgroups B relationships of Thinouia and the congeneric Allosanthus [(=Thinouia trifoliata (Radlk.) Acev.-Rodr. & Ferrucci], including the newly-described Thinouia cazumbensis sp. nov. Bayesian posterior probability values are indicated above the branches.
Data from: A critical appraisal of the placement of Xiphosura (Chelicerata) with account of known sources of phylogenetic error
Horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura) are traditionally regarded as sister to the clade of terrestrial chelicerates (Arachnida). This hypothesis has been challenged by recent phylogenomic analyses, but the non-monophyly of Arachnida has consistently been disregarded as artifactual. We reevaluated the placement of Xiphosura among chelicerates using the most complete phylogenetic dataset to date, expanding outgroup sampling and including data from whole genome sequencing projects. In spite of uncertainty in theplacement of some arachnid clades, all analyses show Xiphosura consistently nested within Arachnida as the sister group to Ricinulei (hooded tick spiders). It is apparent that the radiation of Arachnids is an old one and occurred over a brief period of time, resulting in several consecutive short internodes, and thus is a potential case for the confounding effects of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). We simulated coalescent gene trees to explore the effects of increasing levels of ILS on the placement of horseshoe crabs. In addition, common sources of systematic error were evaluated, as well as the effects of fast evolving partitions and the dynamics of problematic long branch orders. Our results indicated that the placement of horseshoe crabs can not be explained by missing data, compositional biases, saturation, or incomplete lineage sorting. Interrogation of the phylogenetic signal showed that the majority of loci favor the derived placement of Xiphosura over a monophyletic Arachnida. Our analyses support the inference that horseshoe crabs represent a group of aquatic arachnids comparable to aquatic mites, breaking a long standing paradigm in chelicerate evolution and altering previous interpretations of the ancestral transition to the terrestrial habitat. Future studies testing chelicerate relationships should approach the task with a sampling strategy where the monophyly of Arachnida is not held as the premise.
Data from: Internal cranial anatomy of Early Triassic species of †Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: †Saurichthyiformes): implications for the phylogenetic placement of †saurichthyiforms
Background: †Saurichthyiformes was a successful group of latest Permian-Middle Jurassic predatory actinopterygian fishes and constituted important and widely-distributed components of Triassic marine and freshwater faunas. Their systematic affinities have long been debated, with †saurichthyiforms often being aligned with chondrosteans, a group today comprising sturgeons and paddlefishes. However, their character-rich endocranial anatomy has not been investigated in detail since the first half of the 20th century. Since that time, major advances have occurred in terms of our understanding of early actinopterygian anatomy, as well as techniques for extracting morphological data from fossils. Results: We used µCT to study the internal cranial anatomy of two of the stratigraphically oldest representatives of †Saurichthys, from the Early Triassic of East Greenland and Nepal. Our work revealed numerous previously unknown characters (e.g., cryptic oticooccipital fissure; intramural diverticula of braincase; nasobasal canals; lateral cranial canal; fused dermohyal), and permitted the reevalution of features relating to the structure of cranial fossae, basicranial circulation and opercular anatomy of the genus. Critically, we reinterpret the former †saurichthyiform opercle as an expanded subopercle. For comparison, we also produced the first digital models of a braincase and endocast of a sturgeon (A. brevirostrum). New information from these taxa was included in a broad phylogenetic analysis of Actinopterygii. †Saurichthyiforms are resolved as close relatives of †Birgeria, forming a clade that constitutes the immediate sister group of crown actinopterygians. However, these and other divergences near the actinopterygian crown node are weakly supported. Conclusions: Our phylogeny disagrees with the historically prevalent hypothesis favoring the chondrostean affinities of †saurichthyiforms. Previously-proposed synapomorphies uniting the two clades, such as the closure of the oticooccipital fissure, the posterior extension of the parasphenoid, and the absence of an opercular process are widespread amongst actinopterygians. Others, like those relating to basicranial circulation, are found to be based on erroneous interpretations. Our work renders the †saurichthyiform character complex adequately understood, and permits detailed comparisons with other early crown actinopterygians. Our phylogenetic scheme highlights outstanding questions concerning the affinity of many crown actinopterygians, such as the Paleozoic-early Mesozoic deep-bodied forms, which are largely caused by lack of endoskeletal data.
Data from: Phylogenetic placement of the unusual jumping spider Depreissia Lessert, and a new synapomorphy uniting Hisponinae and Salticinae (Araneae, Salticidae)
The relationships of the unusual salticid spider Depreissia from central Africa and Borneo have been difficult to resolve, obscured by its highly modified ant-like body. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene 28S strongly supports its placement outside the major clade Salticinae and within the clade of cocalodines, spartaeines and lapsiines, with weaker support for a relationship with the cocalodines in particular. Excluding the genus from the Salticinae is supported also by the presence of a median apophysis on the male palp, and by the lack of a cymbial apical groove cradling the tip of embolus, which is newly presented here as a synapomorphy of Hisponinae plus Salticinae.
FIGURE 1 in New olenelline trilobites from the Northwest Territories, Canada, and the phylogenetic placement of Judomia absita Fritz, 1973
FIGURE 1. Map of the Sekwi Formation, from Dilliard et al. (2010).
FIGURE 45 in The spiny theridiid genus Meotipa Simon, 1895 in India, with description of a strange new species with translucent abdomen and a phylogenetic analysis about the genus placement (Araneae, Theridiidae)
FIGURE 45. Distribution of specimen records of Meotipa sahyadri n. sp. and Meotipa picturata.
Fig. 11 in A new tarantula (Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) genus endemic from Peru with a novel genitalic morphology among theraphosinae and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 11. Distribution map of Chinchaysuyu gen. nov. in Peru.
FIGURE S1 in Rediscovery of Pimpinella crispulifolia (Apiaceae) after one century, and its new phylogenetic placement in Sium
FIGURE S1
Cohen and Schenk (2021) Data from: Investigating phylogenetic placement and species-level relationships in a recent radiation of Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae) from the Mojave Desert
<p>Understanding species level relationships is a central goal in systematic botany; however complexes of closely related and morphologically similar species often pose considerable challenges to that goal. The North American west is home to many notable genera that notoriously have difficult species complexes (e.g., <i>Astragalus</i>, <i>Eriogonum</i>, <i>Penstemon</i>). <i>Mentzelia </i>section <i>Bartonia </i>(Loasaceae)<i> </i>is a recently evolved and diverse clade that occurs across the North American west. Phylogenetic studies have resolved many relationships, but the relationships within a species complex of perennial, subshrub species that occurs in the Mojave Desert, Great Basin, and Colorado Plateau remains elusive. This arid-adapted clade, which is referred to as the Mojave clade, has significant conservation implications, due to three narrowly endemic species: <i>Mentzelia polita</i> and <i>Mentzelia tiehmii </i>are state listed, and <i>Mentzelia leucophylla</i> is federally listed. Species relationships within the Mojave clade are not fully understood. Populations of <i>Mentzelia oreophila </i>from California and Nevada, for example, are not monophyletic. We generated restriction site associated DNA sequence data (RADSeq) to address evolutionary relationships in the Mojave clade. Our results corroborated previous studies in continued recognition of <i>Mentzelia polita</i>, <i>Mentzelia leucophylla</i>, and<i> Mentzelia tiehmii</i>; however, <i>Mentzelia oreophila </i>was recovered in three clades that includes a California clade, a Nevada clade, and one with <i>Mentzelia puberula</i>. Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization might have generated conflicting phylogenetic signal between <i>Mentzelia oreophila </i>and <i>Mentzelia puberula</i>. Increasing population level sampling will aid in species delimitation and further help to understand how gene flow and/or hybridization is influencing population level dynamics in the Mojave Desert.</p>
Fig 2 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 2. Photographs of live Carrhotus spp. A–B. Carrhotus albosetosus sp. nov., female from Pillikutuwa. C–D. C. viduus, male from Mandaitivu. E–F. C. taprobanicus, female from Gomaraya.
Fig 5 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 5. Photographs of live Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B, E–F, I. Males. C–D, G–H. Females. A–H from Mandaitivu, I from Hiyare.
Fig. 7. Cottus microstomus Heckel, 1837 in A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 7. Cottus microstomus Heckel, 1837 (ZIN 56723), SL 78.4 mm, Siesartis River, Neman/Nemunas River basin (Lithuania).
Fig. 6 in A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 6. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the freshwater species of Cottidae reconstructed using mtDNA control region sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities (on the top side) and bootstrap values from a ML analysis (on the down side) are shown. Results of species delimitation with bPTP support values are presented.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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