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3,947 results for “Requirements”
Data from: Despite high levels of expression in thymic epithelial cells, miR-181a1 and miR-181b1 are not required for thymic development
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be key modulators of post-transcriptional gene silencing in many cellular processes. In previous studies designed to understand the role of miRNAs in thymic development, we globally deleted miRNA exclusively in thymic epithelial cells (TECs), which are critical in thymic selection. This resulted in the loss of stromal cells that instruct T cell lineage commitment and affect thymocyte positive selection, required for mature T cell development. Since murine miR-181 is expressed in the thymus and miR-181 deficiency disrupts thymocyte development, we first quantified and thereby demonstrated that miR181a1 and miR181b1 are expressed in purified TECs. By generating mice with TEC targeted loss of miR-181a1 and miR-181b1 expression, we observed that neither TEC cellularity nor thymocyte number nor differentiation was adversely affected. Thus, disrupted thymopoiesis in miR-181 deficient mice was not due to miR-181 loss of expression in TECs. Importantly, in mice with restricted TEC deficiency of miR-181a1 and miR-181b1, there were similar numbers of mature T cells in the periphery in regards to frequencies, differentiation, and function as compared to controls. Moreover miR-181a1 and miR-181b1 were not required for maintenance of thymus integrity over time, as thymic involution was not accelerated in gene-targeted mice. Taken together our data indicate that miR-181a1 and miR-181b1 are dispensable for TEC differentiation, their control of thymocyte development and mature T cell export to and homeostasis within the periphery.
Distribution. Solomon Is (Bougainville and Choiseul). Presence on Santa Isabel I requires confirmation. in Pteropodidae
Distribution. Solomon Is (Bougainville and Choiseul). Presence on Santa Isabel I requires confirmation.
Distribution. Known with certainty from Costa Rica, Panama, NW Ecuador, and Suriname, as determined by genetic analyses. Morphologically identified specimens from Colombia and Peru require propervalidation. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Known with certainty from Costa Rica, Panama, NW Ecuador, and Suriname, as determined by genetic analyses. Morphologically identified specimens from Colombia and Peru require propervalidation.
Distribution. NW DR Congo and NE Republic of the Congo, in lowland forests of the Congo Basin on both sides of the lower and middle Congo (c.16" E to 26°-27° E); S of the Congo Riverits distribution extends E to the Lomami River system (c.3° N to 6° 30° S); it has also been recorded on twoislands in the Sangha River. Its presence in NE Angola requires confirmation. in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. NW DR Congo and NE Republic of the Congo, in lowland forests of the Congo Basin on both sides of the lower and middle Congo (c.16" E to 26°-27° E); S of the Congo Riverits distribution extends E to the Lomami River system (c.3° N to 6° 30° S); it has also been recorded on twoislands in the Sangha River. Its presence in NE Angola requires confirmation.
Data from: Closely related parasitic plants have similar host requirements and related effects on hosts
<p>The performance of root hemiparasites depends strongly on host species identity, but it remains unknown whether there exist general patterns in the quality of species as hosts for hemiparasites and in their sensitivity to parasitism. In a comparative approach, the model root-hemiparasites <i>Rhinanthus minor</i> and <i>R. alectorolophus</i> were grown with 25 host species (grasses, forbs and legumes) at two nutrient levels. Hosts grown without parasites served as a control. Host species identity strongly influenced parasite biomass and other traits and both parasites grew better with legumes and grasses than with forbs. The biomass of <i>R. alectorolophus</i> was much higher than that of <i>R. minor</i> with all host plants and <i>R. alectorolophus</i> responded much more strongly to higher nutrient availability than <i>R. minor</i>. The performance of the two species of <i>Rhinanthus</i> with individual hosts was strongly correlated, and it was also correlated with that of <i>R. alectorolophus</i> and the related <i>Odontites vulgaris</i> in previous experiments with many of the same hosts, but only weakly with that of the less closely related <i>Melampyrum arvense</i>. The negative effect of <i>R. minor</i> on host biomass was less strong than that of <i>R. alectorolophus, </i>but<i> </i>stronger relative to its own biomass, suggesting that it is more parasitic. The impact of the two parasites on individual hosts did not depend on nutrient level and was correlated. Several legumes and grasses were tolerant of parasitism. While <i>R. minor </i>slightly reduced mean overall productivity,<i> R. alectorolophus</i> increased it with several species, indicating that the loss of host biomass was more than compensated by that of the parasite. The results show that closely related parasites have similar host requirements and correlated negative effects on individuals hosts, but that there are also specific interactions between pairs of parasitic plants and their hosts.</p>
Distribution. Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, S Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and possibly SW China and C Laos (distributional limits require clarification). in Muridae
Distribution. Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, S Vietnam, Sumatra, Java, Bali, and possibly SW China and C Laos (distributional limits require clarification).
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
Distribution. Recorded as living animal from the vicinity of Lake Habbema (3225 m) and an area close to Mt Trikora, WC New Guinea. Late Quaternary subfossils reported (as Hydromys habbema) from Kelangurr Cave and from alluvial terrace of West Baliem River, at 280-2950 m,Papua Province. Tentative record of habbema from a fissure deposit at 3450 m on Mt Jaya requires confirmation. in Muridae
Distribution. Recorded as living animal from the vicinity of Lake Habbema (3225 m) and an area close to Mt Trikora, WC New Guinea. Late Quaternary subfossils reported (as Hydromys habbema) from Kelangurr Cave and from alluvial terrace of West Baliem River, at 280-2950 m,Papua Province. Tentative record of habbema from a fissure deposit at 3450 m on Mt Jaya requires confirmation.
Online Appendix of "Crowd-based Requirements Elicitation via Pull Feedback: Method and Case Studies"
<p>The online appendix contains the data sets used in the paper Crowd-based Requirements Elicitation via Pull Feedback: Method and Case Studies, by Jelle Wouters, Abel Menkveld, Sjaak Brinkkemper and Fabiano Dalpiaz. It consists of three data sets, a process-deliverable diagram, a file that contains charts, and two Jupyter (Python) notebook scripts. In this readme, we briefly explain how files should be read and interpreted.</p> <p><strong>Dataset-Tournify.xlsx</strong></p> <p>This file contains all data of the Tournify case. The following tabs are present:</p> <ul> <li> <p>Raw data: contains the raw data collected from the Tournify CrowdRE platform.</p> </li> <li> <p>Automatically translated data: The readability and vagueness measures were calculated using English text. Most of the ideas collected were in Dutch, so the raw data was translated into English using a Google Translator API.</p> </li> <li> <p>Readability scores: Consists of the Flesch and ARI readability scores, calculated using the Python scripts (see below). </p> </li> <li> <p>Vague hits: Consists of all the vague words found in the Tournify ideas. We identified those using a Python script. Using numbers we identified whether the hit was a True Positive (TP) or was a false positive, and in which category the false positive lied. </p> </li> <li> <p>Tagging-50-FD & Tagging-50-JW: These tabs contain the tagging of the ideas on qualities of the QUS-framework and the ISO/IEC 25010. Two researchers did this independently from another.</p> </li> <li> <p>Compare-50: This sheet consists of all ideas for which a disparity exists between the two fields. When a disagreement exists, the field is colored green. By text in the field, we indicated what the final decision was. </p> </li> <li> <p>Result-50: This tab combines the results and shows the final decision after deliberation between the two authors.</p> </li> <li> <p>Tagging-195-FB, Tagging-195-JW, Compare-195, Result-195: Same as above, but for the other 195 ideas in the case (we split this data set in two to try out the modus operandi first).</p> </li> <li> <p>Result-total: Combines the Result-50 and the Result-195 sheet. Colored cells indicate that we marked the idea to be considered to present verbatim in the paper. </p> </li> <li> <p>Kappa-scores: Calculates the Kappa-scores that are presented in the paper.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset-SSys.xlsx and Dataset-VSys.xlsx</strong></p> <p><strong>This file contains all data for respectively the S-Sys and V-Sys cases. The following tabs are present:</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p>Raw data: consists of the raw data collected in the CrowdRE platform of the case. As can be seen, some data is ‘not published’ (but was analyzed in the study and read by both researchers and therefore just redacted in the online appendix), and some data is ‘classified’ (and therefore not analyzed by both researchers as one researcher was not allowed to review the data). The classified ideas should be considered as non-existent in the rest of the data set. </p> </li> <li> <p>Automatically translated data, readability scores: These files are compiled in the same way as in the Tournify case.</p> </li> <li> <p>Vagueness: This file is compiled in the same way as in the Tournify case, although we do provide a small explanation that describes a part of the idea to show why a true or false positive was indicated.</p> </li> <li> <p>Tagging: The tagging of the QUS-framework and ISO/IEC 25010 was done here. As we did this in person, the small discussion held when discrepancies occurred is not presented in the file. The colored cells indicate ideas we considered for verbatim publication in the paper. The colors indicate why we want to publish a certain idea (for example, because it has all QUS-violations).</p> </li> <li> <p>Kappa-scores: This shows the kappa scores and the discrepancies between the individual tagging. This is indicated in colors. </p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Graphs_readability.aspx</strong></p> <p>This file was used to construct the graphs as presented in figures six and seven in the paper. For this, the readability scores of the three data sets were combined in one tab (one for Flesch and one for ARI) and used in a boxplot.</p> <p><strong>CREUS-pdd.drawio</strong></p> <p>This is the source file for the PDD presented in the paper.</p> <p><strong>Python scripts</strong></p> <p>Two Jupyter notebooks that "S-Sys V-Sys.ipynb" and "Tournify.ipynb" that we used to calculate the readability scores and to identify the vague words. As the data sets were structured a bit differently, the scripts are a bit different between the three cases. In the Tournify case, the script and the output are both present in the Jupyter notebook. For the S-Sys and V-Sys cases, we do include the script but omit the output due to confidentiality.</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong></p> <p>The data sets are included in our paper to allow readers to explore the data themselves. Please contact the corresponding author if you wish to use the data set for other reasons to obtain an explicit permission, since these user stories should be analyzed with proper domain knowledge in order to draw meaningful conclusions.</p>
The minimum land area requiring conservation attention to safeguard biodiversity
<p><span>Ambitious conservation efforts are needed to stop the global biodiversity crisis. Here, we estimate the minimum land area to secure important biodiversity areas, ecologically intact areas, and optimal locations for representation of species ranges and ecoregions. We discover that at least 64 million km<sup>2</sup> (44% of terrestrial area) would require conservation attention (ranging from protected areas to land-use policies) to meet this goal. Over 1.8 billion people live on these lands, so responses that promote autonomy, self-determination, equity, and sustainable management for safeguarding biodiversity are essential. Spatially explicit land-use scenarios suggest that 1.3 million km<sup>2</sup> of this land is at risk of being converted to intensive human land-uses by 2030, which requires immediate attention. However, there is a seven-fold difference between the amount of habitat converted under optimistic and pessimistic land-use scenarios, highlighting an opportunity to avert this crisis. Appropriate targets in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, to encourage conservation of the identified land, would contribute substantially to safeguarding biodiversity.</span></p>
Supplementary materials of the paper entitled: "Generating Natural Language Requirements via Adversarial Examples in Deep Learning"
<p>Supplementary materials of the paper entitled: "Generating Natural Language Requirements via Adversarial Examples in Deep Learning"</p> <p>File A: Datasets (.txt)</p> <p> A1: Webex</p> <p> A2: Zoom</p> <p> A3: Teams</p> <p> A4: Word</p> <p> A5: PowerPoint</p> <p> A6: Excel</p> <p> </p> <p>File B: Python Code (Both ours and baseline)</p> <p> B1: adversarial_samples.ipynb</p> <p> B2: Baseline.ipynb</p> <p> </p> <p>FIle C: Result Tables (.xlsx)</p> <p> C1: Table of perturbed outputs in Webex </p> <p> C2: Table of perturbed outputs in Zoom</p> <p> C3: Table of perturbed outputs in Teams</p> <p> C4: Table of perturbed outputs in Word</p> <p> C5: Table of perturbed outputs in PowerPoint</p> <p> C6: Table of perturbed outputs in Excel (Excel)</p> <p> </p> <p>File D: Trend of Adversarial Shifts (Graphs)</p> <p> D1: Adversarial shifts of office suit (LSTM)</p> <p> D2: Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit (LSTM)</p> <p> D3: Non-Adversarial shifts of office suit (LSTM)</p> <p> D4: Non-Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit(LSTM)</p> <p> D5: Adversarial shifts of office suit (GRU)</p> <p> D6: Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit (GRU)</p> <p> D7: Non-Adversarial shifts of office suit (GRU)</p> <p> D8: Non-Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit(GRU)</p> <p> D9: Adversarial shifts of office suit (Bi-LSTM)</p> <p> D10: Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit (Bi-LSTM)</p> <p> D11: Non-Adversarial shifts of office suit (Bi-LSTM)</p> <p> D12: Non-Adversarial shifts of video conferencing suit(Bi-LSTM)</p> <p> </p> <p>File E: Adversarial Examples (.pdf)</p> <p> E1: Adversarial vs original in Webex</p> <p> E2: Adversarial vs original in Zoom</p> <p> E3: Adversarial vs original in Teams</p> <p> E4: Adversarial vs original in Word</p> <p> E5: Adversarial vs original in PowerPoint</p> <p> E6: Adversarial vs original in Excel</p> <p> </p> <p>File F: Questionnaire</p> <p> </p>
Essential amino acid requirements of granivorous and omnivorous songbirds and the provision of natural foods
<p>Wild birds must consume certain amounts of protein and an appropriate balance of amino acids while inhabiting environments where foods often differ in the quantity and quality of available protein. The requirements for amino acids are well documented for domestic bird species but are largely unknown for wild birds, which makes it impossible to reliably assess the nutritional adequacy of foods eaten by wild birds. We measured the maintenance requirements for three essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, and arginine) in two species of songbird, the omnivorous Hermit Thrush (<i>Catharus guttatus</i>) and granivorous White-throated Sparrow (<i>Zonotrichia albicollis</i>). Hermit Thrushes and White-throated Sparrows had similar requirements for lysine (20.02 and 19.95 mg/day, respectively) and methionine (12.3 and 10.85 mg/day, respectively), whereas thrushes had lower requirements for arginine (18.07 mg/day) compared to sparrows (34.5 mg/day). Consistent with previous studies, most birds fed diets with inadequate essential amino acid concentrations reduced food intake and fecal output, lost body mass, and had lower, but not negative nitrogen balance. However, we provide the first evidence that songbirds overcompensate when they consume diets very deficient in lysine. Available data on amino acid concentrations in natural foods suggests that most insects contain relatively high concentrations of all essential amino acids, seeds likely satisfy requirements of lysine and arginine but not methionine for Hermit Thrushes and White-throated Sparrows, whereas fruits generally contain inadequate amounts of all essential amino acids. Therefore, birds that eat mostly fruit may consume enough protein but likely must eat other types of foods to satisfy their essential amino acid requirements.</p>
ReSpaN - Spanish Dataset for non-functional requirements classification
<p>The ReSpaN (Spanish Dataset for non-functional requirements classification) dataset is conformed by requirements collected from final degree projects from one University. Manual labeling was performed by 7 annotators in such a way that each requirement had at least three labels. The labels were the categories and subcategories of the ISO/IEC 25010 quality model. The definitions of each category and subcategory are available at https://iso25000.com/index.php/normas-iso-25000/iso-25010, in both Spanish and English. The label ’No agreement’ was used for requirements with no majority in the labeling process. The final classification of each requirement is based on unanimity or majority. This dataset was created following the FAIR principles. </p> <p>Cited as:</p> <p>Maria-Isabel Limaylla-Lunarejo, Nelly Condori-Fernandez, and Miguel R. Luaces. 2023. Towards a FAIR Dataset for non-functional requirements. In Proceedings of the 38th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC '23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1414–1421. https://doi.org/10.1145/3555776.3578611</p>
Fig. 1 in Distribution and habitat requirements of red wood ants in Switzerland: Implications for conservation
Fig. 1. Distribution of mounds of red wood ants (Formica rufa group) in Switzerland, based on a systematic survey of forest plots. Each triangle denotes a plot in which one or more mounds were recorded. a) All F. rufa group species. b) F. lugubris. c) F. paralugubris. d) F. aquilonia. e) F. rufa. f) F. polyctena. Solid line: border between Swiss Plateau and Alps. Dashed line: border between Jura Mountains and Swiss Plateau.
Linguistic Models for Requirement Quality Analysis: NeuroNER model
<p>Juyeon Kang and Jungyeul Park (in preparation). Linguistic Models for Requirement Quality Analysis. Will be submitted to Requirements Engineering (Springer). November 2017. </p> <p>It requires NeuroNER, available at http://neuroner.com</p> <p>See also Kang J, Park J. Generating a Linguistic Model for Requirement Quality Analysis. In: <em>Proceedings of the 30th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation: Posters (PACLIC 30)</em>. Seoul, Korea; 2016:439-447. http://aclweb.org/anthology/Y/Y16/Y16-3016.pdf</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset belonging to SNF project: Use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling to simulate dosing requirements of long-acting intramuscular antiretroviral drugs in special populations and to manage drug-drug interactions
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Appendix 5: Supplementary data for Chapter 4 in the thesis: 'Quantifying the natural resource requirements of terrestrial ecosystems for managing biodiversity alongside human development'
<p>Appendix 5: Supplementary data for Chapter 4 in the thesis: 'Quantifying the natural resource requirements of terrestrial ecosystems for managing biodiversity alongside human development' by Adam R. Mason, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London</p>
Appendix 4: Supplementary data for Chapter 3 in the thesis: 'Quantifying the natural resource requirements of terrestrial ecosystems for the management of biodiversity alongside human development'
<p>Appendix 4: Supplementary data for Chapter 3 in the thesis: 'Quantifying the natural resource requirements of terrestrial ecosystems for managing biodiversity alongside human development' by Adam R. Mason, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London</p>
Appendix 6: Supplementary data for Chapter 5 in the thesis: 'Quantifying the natural resource requirements of terrestrial ecosystems for managing biodiversity alongside human development'
<p>Appendix 6: Supplementary data for Chapter 5 in the thesis: 'Quantifying the natural resource requirements of terrestrial ecosystems for managing biodiversity alongside human development' by Adam R. Mason, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London</p>
Figure 2 in The current state of DNA barcoding of macroalgae in the Mediterranean Sea: presently lacking but urgently required
Figure 2: Rhodophyta data by country from Taxonomy page on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). Source: http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_Home
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.