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FIGURE 11 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 11. Bolitoglossa altamazonica distribution: type-locality (black star): Nauta, Peru (Cope 1874); distribution records from literature (open stars): Brame Jr. & Wake 1963; Wake & Brame Jr. 1966, Wake et al. 1982; Duellman & Salas 1991; Duellman & Mendelson III 1995; Morales & McDiarmid 1996; Icochea et al. 1999; De la Riva et al. 2000; Icochea et al. 2001; Reichle et al. 2001; Doan & Arizábal-Arriaga 2002; Cisneros-Heredia 2003; Schargel & Fuenmayor 2003; Barrio-Amorós 2004; Lynch 2006; Köhler et al. 2006; Souza & Rivera-Gonzales 2006; Lynch 2007; Von May et al. 2009; Acosta-Galvis et al. 2010; Gutiérrez-Lamus et al. 2011; material from Colombia, Acosta-Galvis, personal data, Acosta-Galvis & Gutiérrez-Lamus 2012 (asterisks); municipality of Benjamin Constant, Amazonas state, Brazil (black dot).
FIGURE 10 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 10. Distribution map of Bolitoglossa caldwellae sp. nov. and Bolitoglossa madeira sp. nov. and localities of Bolitoglossa sp. Type-localities: B. caldwellae sp. nov. (13 black dot, 5 km north Porto Walter, Acre), B. madeira sp. nov. (15 black square, Jaci-Paraná, Porto Velho, Rondônia). Other localities: B. caldwellae sp. nov. (open circles: 12 Cruzeiro do Sul, 13 Porto Walter localities, 14 Marechal Thaumaturgo), B. madeira sp. nov. (16 open square). Specimens of Bolitoglossa sp. (1 Colocação Vira Volta, 2 Lago Vai quem quer, 3 BR-319, 4 Carauari, 5 Barreira do Matupiri, 6 Jainú, 7 Canutama, 8 Igarapé Nova Empresa, 9 Boca do Pauini,10 Tarauacá, 11 Lábrea, 17 Rio Branco).
FIGURE 7. A in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 7. A: Box plot showing maximum, mean and minimum of standard length (mm) of Brazilian Amazonian species of Bolitoglossa; asterisks: outliers. B-D: Scatter plot graphs showing relation between standard length (mm) and the total number of teeth in B. caldwellae sp. nov. (circle), B. madeira sp. nov. (square), B. paraensis (cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (triangle): B: Maxillary teeth; C: Vomerine teeth; D: Dentary teeth.
FIGURE 9 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 9. Ventral color patterns (in alcohol) of Bolitoglossa caldwellae sp. nov.; specimens collected in Porto Walter and Sobral region. From left to right: MPEG 12886 (3, 39.2 mm), INPA 4548 (3, 36.2 mm), MPEG 12876 (Ƥ, 30.2 mm), MZUSP 51630 (3, 34.5 mm). Photos: M.J. Sturaro.
FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 8. Distribution map of Bolitoglossa paraensis and Bolitoglossa tapajonica sp. nov. Type-localities: B. paraensis (Santa Isabel do Pará, black cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (Juruti, black triangle). Other localities: B. paraensis (open crosses: 1 Primavera, 2 Bragança, 3 Ilha de Mosqueiro, 4 Santa Bárbara do Pará, 5 Benevides, 6 Belém, 7 Ourém, 8 Barcarena, 9 Mojú, 10 Tailândia); B. tapajonica sp. nov. (open triangles: 11 Juruti localities, 12 Vitória do Xingú, 13 Itaituba localities. Specimen from Serra do Tumucumaque, Amapá indicated with asterisk. Specimens from Canindé, Pará indicated with circle with cross inside.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 6. Shape and coloration pattern (in alcohol) of Brazilian Amazonia Bolitoglossa, from top to bottom: B. paraensis (neotype MPEG 31682) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. tapajonica sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 22176) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right) (a); B. caldwellae sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 12886) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B.madeira sp. nov. (holotype MPEG 18344) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right); B. altamazonica (specimen MPEG 5455) dorsal surface (left) ventral surface (right). Specimens rendered at similar size, but different scales. Scale bars all represent 1 cm. Photos M. J. Sturaro.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 5. Species of Bolitoglossa from Brazilian Amazonia. A: Neotype of B. paraensis (MPEG 31682) in life (total length 72.4 mm). Photo M.J. Sturaro; B: Paratype of B. tapajonica sp. nov. (MPEG 31695) in life (total length 79.3 mm). Photo P.R.V. Peloso; C: Paratype of B. caldwellae sp. nov. (MPEG 12877) in life (standard length 38.7 mm): Municipality of Porto Walter, Acre state. Photo J.P. Caldwell; D: Specimen of B. altamazonica collected west of Benjamin Constant, Amazonas state. Photo M.S. Hoogmoed; E: Holotype of B. madeira sp. nov. (MPEG 18344) in life (total length 114.0 mm): Municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia state. Photo W. Hödl.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 4. Scatter plot graph of scores of the first two axes of the Stepwise Discriminant Function Analysis employed for morphological data of Bolitoglossa caldwellae sp. nov. (circles), Bolitoglossa paraensis (crosses) and Bolitoglossa tapajonica sp. nov. (triangles).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 3. Morphometric measures taken from specimens of Bolitoglossa. See text for explanation of the abbreviations.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia
FIGURE 1. Localities from where specimens of Bolitoglossa were analysed. Type localities: B. altamazonica (black star), B. paraensis (cross), B. peruviana (arrow), Eladinae estheri (black dot). Material analyzed (black diamonds); literature record (circle with cross inside); Acosta-Galvis, personal data (open stars). Details of localities see figures 8 and 10.
FIGURE 13. A in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 13. A pair and half of egg sacs (A) and exterior of a breeding site (B) of O. kinneburi sp. nov. found in Mt. Kurokasa, Tokushima Prefecture. Arrows on (A) and (B) indicate the whiptail structure and the opening of underground stream, respectively. A larva of O. kinneburi immediately after hatching on 11 December 2012 (C). Scale bars in A and C indicate 10 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 10. Relationships between SVL and relative length of tail (RTAL) in larvae of the four species of Onychodactylus; shaded inverse triangles: O. kinneburi sp. nov., RTAL=0.48 SVL+74.56, r² = 0.4306; open circles: O. japonicus, RTAL=0.59 SVL+72.36, r² = 0.7341; shaded squares: O. nipponoborealis, RTAL=0.66 SVL+66.04, r²=0.6126; closed triangles: O. tsukubaensis, RTAL = 0.19 SVL+74.91, r²=0.1045.
FIGURE 9 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 9. Comparison of dark marking on chest between two species of Onychodactylus. The male holotype from Shikoku (A: KUHE43194) and a male from Chugoku Mountains (B: KUHE42851) of O. kinneburi sp. nov. A male topotype specimen from Hakone-machi (C: KUHE46612) and a male from Chugoku Mountains (D: KUHE40195) of O. japonicus. Specimens of B and D were collected from nearly same localities. Arrows indicate dark marking on chest.
FIGURE 11 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 11. An ML tree based on 1141 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (left) and a neighbor-joining tree based on 14 allozyme loci (right), modified from Yoshikawa et al. (2008) and (2010a), respectively. Values at nodes indicate supports of 2000 and 1000 bootstrap replicates, respectively.
FIGURE 8 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 8. Dorsal views of two Onychodactylus species sympatric in Chugoku Mountains (A-F) and a male topotypic specimen of O. japonicus from Hakone-machi, Kanagawa Pref. (G: KUHE46612). Males (A-B: KUHE40196 and 42851, respectively) and a female (C: KUHE42853) of O. kinneburi sp. nov. Males (D-E: KUHE41726 and 42852, respectively) and a female (F: KUHE40197) of O. japonicus. Scale bar indicates 20 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 6. Cloacae and tail-tips of the male holotype of O. kinneburi sp. nov. (A and C, respectively: KUHE 43194) and a female paratype (B and D, respectively: KUHE 43192) in breeding season (in preservation). Scale bars on cloacae and tails indicate 2 mm and 10 mm, respectively.
FIGURE 5 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 5. Palmar (A) and tarsal (B) black tubercles and asperities seen on limbs of the male holotype (KUHE 43194) of O. kinneburi sp. nov. (in preservation). Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 12. An ML tree based on 615 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Values at nodes indicate supports of 1000 bootstrap replicates. Numbers in parenthesis indicate locality numbers shown in Appendix 2.
FIGURE 4 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 4. Open mouth of holotype of O. kinneburi sp. nov. (KUHE 43194) showing the shape of vomerine tooth series. Scale bar indicates 1 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Description of a New Salamander of the Genus Onychodactylus from Shikoku and Western Honshu, Japan (Amphibia, Caudata, Hynobiidae)
FIGURE 7. Dorsal views of premetamorphic (A–C), growing (D–F), and hatchling (G, H) larvae of O. kinneburi sp. nov. Scale bar indicates 10 mm.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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