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opennotspecifiedNov 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Fish aggregations and reproductive behaviour on mesophotic coral ecosystems of a southwestern Atlantic Oceanic archipelago

Figure 2. Aggregation with dozens terminal phase individuals of the parrotfish Sparisoma amplum in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southwestern Atlantic. Photos by P.H.C. Pereira.

opennotspecifiedNov 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Fish aggregations and reproductive behaviour on mesophotic coral ecosystems of a southwestern Atlantic Oceanic archipelago

Figure 1. The marbled grouper Dermatolepis inermis in lower mesophotic reefs of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (A), and the aggregation site with six fish in the field of view (B), including individuals with the tuxedo colour pattern (C), and yellow fin margins and white belly (D). Photo by L. A. Rocha (A) and frames from videos recorded by J. B. Teixeira (B – D).

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Deep reefs are not refugium for shallow-water fish communities in the southwestern Atlantic

1. The deep reef refugia hypothesis (DRRH) predicts that deep reef ecosystems may act as refugium for the biota of disturbed shallow waters. Because deep reefs are amongst the most understudied habitats on Earth, formal tests of the DRRH remain scarce. If the DRRH is valid at the community level, the diversity of species, functions and lineages of fish communities of shallow reefs should be encapsulated in deep reefs. 2. We tested the DRRH by assessing the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of 22 Brazilian fish communities between 2 and 62m depth. We partitioned the gamma diversity of shallow (<30m) and deep reefs (>30m) into independent alpha and beta components, accounted for species' abundance, and assessed if beta patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover or nestedness. 3. We recorded 3821 fishes belonging to 85 species and 36 families. Contrary to DRRH expectations, only 48% of the species occurred in both shallow and deep reefs. Alpha diversity of rare species was higher in deep reefs as expected, but alpha diversity of typical and dominant species did not vary with depth. Alpha functional diversity was higher in deep reefs only for rare and typical species, but not for dominant species. Alpha phylogenetic diversity was consistently higher in deep reefs, supporting DRRH expectations. 4. Profiles of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity indicated that deep reefs were not more heterogeneous than shallow reefs, contradicting expectations of biotic homogenization near sea surface. Furthermore, pairwise beta diversity analyses revealed that the patterns were mostly driven by spatial turnover rather than nestedness at any depth. 5. Conclusions: Although some results support the DRRH, most indicate that the shallow-water reef fish diversity are not fully encapsulated in deep reefs. Every reef contributes significantly to the regional diversity and must be managed and protected accordingly.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

FIGURE 4 in Thesea pyrrha sp. nov., a new shallow-water octocoral (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from southwestern Atlantic, and implications on the systematics of the genus

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic reconstruction with Maximum likelihood (left) and Bayesian Inference (right) of the families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae based on the concatenated dataset (mtMutS + COI+ 28S), including (purple) Thesea pyrrha sp. nov.

FIGURE 2 in Thesea pyrrha sp. nov., a new shallow-water octocoral (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from southwestern Atlantic, and implications on the systematics of the genus

FIGURE 2. Sclerites of Thesea pyrrha sp. nov. (USNM 73349, holotype). A, B: Double-faced sclerites of the outer coenenchymal layer; C: spindles of the calyces; D: spindles-like sclerites of the outer coenenchymal layer; E: spindles of the inner coenenchymal layer; F: polypar sclerites.

FIGURE 3. Images A and B in Thesea pyrrha sp. nov., a new shallow-water octocoral (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from southwestern Atlantic, and implications on the systematics of the genus

FIGURE 3. Images A and B shows Thesea pyrrha sp. nov. in situ. All photographed in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Photos: Edson Faria Júnior.

FIGURE 1 in Thesea pyrrha sp. nov., a new shallow-water octocoral (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from southwestern Atlantic, and implications on the systematics of the genus

FIGURE 1. Thesea pyrrha sp. nov. (USNM 73349, holotype). A: colony in stereo view; B: Large two-faced sclerite in stereo view; C, D: details of the calyces in stereo view.

FIGURE 5. Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899. A. Alternating hydrocladia given off from cladia-bearing branch. B in Rediscovery and redescription of Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 5. Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899. A. Alternating hydrocladia given off from cladia-bearing branch. B. Lateral view of a cladial internode with its hydrotheca and associated nematothecae. C. The same in frontal view. D. Whorl of ramuli. Scale bars: A−E 200 µm.

FIGURE 4. Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899. A in Rediscovery and redescription of Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 4. Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899. A. Phylactocarp given off (distally) from a cladia-bearing branch. B. Apical view of a portion of phylactocarp showing two stacked whorls of three nematothecate (arrows) ramuli forming six longitudinal rows. C. Detail of the gonosome with its bifurcated ramuli and gonothecae. D. Distal portions of ramuli provided with hydrothecae, open tips and nematothecae (arrow). E. Gonotheca arising from the base of a ramulus. F. Distal portion of the gonosome, showing the insertion of gonothecae. G. Detached gonotheca, filled with an ovoid, dark-colored mass of tissue. Scale bars: A= 0,5 cm; B = 100 µm; C−G = 200 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Rediscovery and redescription of Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 1. Map with collection locations of C. chazaliei in the western Atlantic Ocean. A. Record of C. chazaliei from Potiguar Basin, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (present study). B. Records of C. chazaliei along the western coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

FIGURE 3. Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899. A in Rediscovery and redescription of Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean

FIGURE 3. Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899. A. Distal portion of a cladia-bearing branch. B. Proximal-most cladial internode, showing its hydrotheca set in its middle part. C. Regular cladial internode with its hydrotheca (and associated nematothecae) placed proximally. D. Mesial inferior nematotheca and internal perisarcal rings below the hydrotheca (arrow). E. Internal perisarcal ring near the hydrothecal rim (arrow). F. Mesial superior nematotheca and internal perisarcal rings above nematotheca (arrow). G. Pair of lateral nematothecae. H. Hydrotheca placed on the proximal half of an internode and one lateral nematothecae arising from a small though distinct apophyses (arrow). Scale bars: A, E, F, G, H =100 µm; B−D = 200 µm.

Figure 10. a in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 10. a, Callichirus aff. major Colombia, male major cheliped dactylus and fixed finger, lateral view, USNM 266225; b, Callichirus corruptus sp. nov., male major cheliped dactylus and fixed finger, lateral view, MZUSP 41251; c, Callichirus corruptus sp. nov., female major cheliped merus, lateral view, MZUSP 41252; d, Callichirus garthi, male major cheliped ischium, lateral view, MUAP-CD 0432–2011; e, Callichirus garthi, sixth pleomere, uropods and telson, dorsal view, MUAP-CD 0432–2011; f, Callichirus islagrande, male major cheliped merus and ischium (courtesy of Nuno Simões), lateral view; g, Callichirus adamas, male major cheliped merus and ischium (modified from Kensley 1974), lateral view; h, Callichirus islagrande, sixth pleomere, uropods and telson, dorsal view, USNM 69362. Scale bars: 10 mm.

Figure 7. Callichirus major. a, b in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 7. Callichirus major. a, b, neotype, male (cl 13.2 mm), Indian River, Florida, USA, USNM 228086. c, e, male (cl: 20.6 mm), New River, North Carolina, USA, USNM 266227. d, male (cl: 24.4 mm), Louisiana, Gulf Of Mexico, USA, USNM 79171. f, female (cl: 16.3 mm), Indian River, Florida, USA, USNM 228087. a, carapace front, eyestalks, and antennular and antennal peduncles, dorsal view; b, male major cheliped claw, lateral view; c, d, male second pleopod, external surface; e, male major cheliped claw, lateral view; f, female major cheliped, lateral view. Scale bars: a = 2 mm; b, e, f = 1 cm; c, d = 1 mm.

Figure 6 in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 6. Molecular phylogenetic tree represented as maximum likelihood topology of the partial mitochondrial DNA sequence of the 16S rDNA gene to place Callichirus corruptus sp. nov. Nodal support values represent the frequencies observed using 1000 bootstrap pseudo-replicates. Values below 50% are not represented.

Figure 4 in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 4. Callichirus corruptus sp. nov.; holotype, male (cl: 18.8 mm), MZUSP 41251. a–d, second, third, fourth and fifth pereopods, respectively, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 2 in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 2. Callichirus corruptus sp. nov. a–d, holotype, male (cl: 18.8 mm), MZUSP 41251; e, paratype, male (cl: 18.6 mm), MZUSP 41253. a, body, lateral view; b, carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view (arrows indicate branchiostegal lobe and emargination on central part of carapace); c, anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; d, basal part of antennal peduncle, dorsal view (setae omitted; arrow indicates scaphocerite); e, right third maxilliped, external surface. Scale bars: a = 1 cm; b, c = 2 mm; d = 1 mm; e = 4 mm.

Figure 1. a in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 1. a, male and female specimen of Callichirus corruptus sp. nov. from the Brazilian coast (MZUSP 39027); b, collection sites (empty circles) for Callichirus corruptus sp. nov. along the Brazilian coast. Scale bar: A = 1 cm.

Figure 9. Male pleopod 2 in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 9. Male pleopod 2 and third maxilliped, external surface. a, Callichirus adamas (modified from Kensley 1974); b, Callichirus corruptus sp. nov., MZUSP 41251; c, Callichirus islagrande, USNM 69362; d, Callichirus major, USNM 228086; e, Callichirus santarosaensis (modified from Sakai and Türkay 2012); f, Callichirus adamas (modified from Kensley 1974); g, Callichirus garthi, MZUC-UCCC 7311; h, Callichirus seilacheri, MZUCR 3335–01. Scale bars: a–d = 1 mm; e–h = 5 mm.

Figure 3 in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 3. Callichirus corruptus sp. nov. a, c, holotype, male (cl: 18.8 mm), MZUSP 41251; b, d, paratype, female (cl: 20.4 mm), MZUSP 41252. a, c, male major and minor chelipeds, respectively, lateral view; b, d, female major and minor chelipeds, respectively, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.

Figure 5 in A new Callichirus ghost shrimp species from the southwestern Atlantic, long confounded with C. major (Say, 1818) (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae)

Figure 5. Callichirus corruptus sp. nov. a, b, d, f, holotype, male (cl: 18.8 mm), MZUSP 41251; c, e, paratype, female (cl: 20.4 mm), MZUSP 41252. a, sixth pleomere, uropods and telson, dorsal view; b, c, male and female first pleopods, respectively, external surface; d, e, male and female second pleopods, respectively, external surface; f, third to fifth pleopods, external surface. Scale bars: a, c, e, f = 2 mm; b, d = 1 mm.