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1,604 results for “Wintering”
Covid-19 UK government, winter 2020, Tiered restrictions data
<p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries took the approach of tiered restrictions. The UK Government’s Winter 2020 Plan looked to take a data driven approach to decision making. They proposed a set of factors (criteria) that would be used to determine what level of restrictions of movement (Tier) should be imposed on different geographical areas in England. Restrictions were tiered from Tier-1 to Tier-4, with Tier-1 being the most relaxed set of restrictions and Tier-4 representing the most constrained level of restrictions. The set of criteria, to determine which Tier from 1 to 4 an area should be placed in were, (1) case detection rate in all age groups, (2) case detection in people aged 60 or above, (3) how quickly case rates were rising or falling, (4) ratio of positive cases in the general population, (5) pressure on the healthcare service. England is geographically made up of 9 Regions which each contains a set of Lower Tier Local Authority (LTLA) areas. Each observation in the dataset denotes information for an LTLA and date pair. For each observation, there is data relating to the values of the set of 5 criteria, for that LTLA, on that day, along with the accompanying Tier value the LTLA was in on that day. Data relating to the set of 5 criteria represent 7-day rolling averages, as a common practice, to alleviate discrepancies in the reporting velocity at different days of the week. For example, it is the case that the number of reported cases around weekends were invariably lower than the cases on other days.</p>
First description of in situ chlorophyll fluorescence signal within East Antarctic coastal polynyas during fall and winter
<p>Antarctic coastal polynyas are persistent and recurrent regions of open water located between the coast and the drifting pack-ice. In spring, they are the first polar areas to be exposed to light, leading to the development of phytoplankton blooms, making polynyas potential ecological hotspots in sea-ice regions. Knowledge on polynya oceanography and ecology during winter is limited due to their inaccessibility. This study describes i) the first in situ chlorophyll fluorescence signal (a proxy for chlorophyll-a concentration and thus presence of phytoplankton) in polynyas between the end of summer and winter, ii) assesses whether the signal persists through time and iii) identifies its main oceanographic drivers. The dataset comprises 698 profiles of fluorescence, temperature and salinity recorded by southern elephant seals in 2011, 2019–2021 in the Cape-Darnley (CDP;67˚S-69˚E) and Shackleton (SP;66˚S-95˚E) polynyas between February and September. A significant fluorescence signal was observed until April in both polynyas. An additional signal occurring at 130m depth in August within CDP may result from in situ growth of phytoplankton due to potential adaptation to low irradiance or remnant chlorophyll-a that was advected into the polynya. The decrease and deepening of the fluorescence signal from February to August were accompanied by the deepening of the mixed layer depth and a cooling and salinification of the water column in both polynyas. Using Principal Component Analysis as an exploratory tool, we highlighted previously unsuspected drivers of the fluorescence signal within polynyas. CDP shows clear differences in biological and environmental conditions depending on topographic features with higher fluorescence in warmer and saltier waters on the shelf compared with the continental slope. In SP, near the ice-shelf, a significant fluorescence signal in April below the mixed layer (around 130m depth), was associated with fresher and warmer waters. We hypothesize that this signal could result from potential ice-shelf melting from warm water intrusions onto the shelf leading to iron supply necessary to fuel phytoplankton growth. This study supports that Antarctic coastal polynyas may have a key role for polar ecosystems as biologically active areas throughout the season within the sea-ice region despite inter and intra-polynya differences in environmental conditions.</p>
Figs. 1–5 in New data on distribution of winter insects (Mecoptera: Boreidae; Diptera: Limoniidae) in Western Siberia
Figs. 1–5. Winter insects of Western Siberia. 1, 2 – Boreus westwoodi: 1 – ♀; 2 – ♂; 3 – Chionea araneoides, ♀; 4, 5 – Chionea crassipes crassipes: 4 – ♀; 5 – ♂.
Code and dataset from the winter chase measurements
<p>Code and dataset to the article Leinonen, V., Olin, M., Martikainen, S., Karjalainen, P., and Mikkonen, S.: Challenges and solutions in determining dilution ratios and emission factors from chase measurements of passenger vehicles, 2023. See Info.txt for info.</p>
Data from: A range-expanding butterfly is susceptible to cold and long winters but shows no signs of local adaptation to winter conditions
<p>Numerous species shift or expand their ranges polewards in response to climate change. Even when expanding species follow their climatic niches, expanding range margin populations are likely to face unfamiliar environmental conditions and thus natural selection for local adaptation.</p> <p>The wall brown butterfly (<em>Lasiommata megera</em>) has expanded northwards in Sweden in the years 2000–2020, most likely as a result of climate change, and has previously been shown to have evolved local adaptations to northern daylength conditions. This evolution has occurred despite hypothesised genetic constraints to adaptation at range margins.</p> <p>We studied local adaptation to winter conditions in four of the previously-studied <em>L. megera</em> populations, using a common garden laboratory experiment with a warm and short, an intermediate, and a cold and long winter treatment. We compared the winter and post-winter survival of caterpillars from two southern core range and two northern range margin populations in Sweden.</p> <p>During the experiment, we measured metabolic rates of a subset of diapausing caterpillars to test whether populations differ in metabolic suppression during diapause. Further, we measured supercooling points, which reflect lower lethal temperature in <em>L. megera</em>, of the same subset of caterpillars. We also compared supercooling points between <em>L. megera</em> and three closely related species with more northern distributions.</p> <p>Few individuals survived the coldest treatment all the way to successful adult emergence, so <em>L. megera</em> seems susceptible to cold winters. Individuals of northern descent did not survive cold winters any better than individuals from southern populations. Similarly, there were no signs of local adaptation in metabolic rates or supercooling points. The comparison among species did not reveal any clear relationship between geographical distribution and supercooling point.</p> <p>Although northern winters probably exert strong selection on <em>L. megera</em>, we provide comprehensive evidence for the lack of local adaptation to winter conditions. This contrasts with the previous finding of quickly-evolved local adaptation in diapause timing, highlighting the need to consider how traits associated with different seasons differ in how they may evolve and facilitate climate change-induced range expansions.</p>
Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter (BR0000012169320)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Full-factorial breeding experiment with lake char (Lake Geneva, winter 2017/2018)
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Timing of increased temperature sensitivity coincides with nervous system development in winter moth embryos
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Data from: Natural selection after severe winter favors larger and duller bluebirds
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Test of a mountain pine beetle winter mortality model
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Data from: Weak evidence of trade-offs modulated by seed mass among a guild of closely related winter annuals
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Data from: Integrating tracking and resight data enables unbiased inferences about migratory connectivity and winter range survival from archival tags
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Winter browsing by moose (Alces alces) in a forested mountainous landscape of West-Central Sweden
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Differential responses to weather and land-cover conditions explain spatial variation in winter abundance trends in a migratory bird of conservation concern
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Data from: Winter game crop plots for gamebirds retain hedgerow breeding songbirds in an improved grassland landscape
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Data and code for Winter conditions structure extratropical patterns of species richness of amphibians, birds, and mammals globally
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Data from: Winter-moth populations are isolated on co-occurring tree species with contrasting budburst-phenology
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Data from: Earlier flowering of winter oilseed rape compensates for higher pest pressure in warmer climates
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Sex, body size, and winter weather explain migration strategies in a partial migrant population of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius)
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Svalbard reindeer winter diets (1995–2012) dataset
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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