Find research datasets worth reusing

Wi-Fi (CSI and RSSI) data of six basic knife activities for cooking (chopping, cubing, French cutting, julienning, mincing, and slicing)

To gather the dataset, we asked two participants to perform six basic knife activities. The layout of the system experiment is provided in Fig. 4. As it illustrates, we put the receiver on the right side and the ESP32 transceiver on the left side of the performing area. The performing area is a cutting board (30 x 46 cm) in this experiment. Each participant performs each activity five times in the performing area. The data is recorded using a customized version of ESP32-CSI-tool [38] on the laptop that helps us to record and save each data in a separate file. After recording all 60 data entries, we used Python code to extract the clean data from all generated text by the tool. The clean data is stored in a database and creates the dataset.

Data associated with studies on the establishment, winter activity, and dispersal of crapemyrtle bark scale

These data files are associated with studies on the establishment, winter activity, and dispersal of crapemyrtle bark scale .

Data set: The opening dynamics of the lateral gate regulates the activity of rhomboid proteases

Dataset: The opening dynamics of the lateral gate regulates the activity of rhomboid proteases Input: MD simulations + docking results

Data from: Nonlinear decoding models enable music reconstruction from human auditory cortex activity

This dataset is associated with the manuscript "Nonlinear decoding models enable music reconstruction from human auditory cortex activity", and provides all preprocessed files necessary to replicate the results. In this study, we recorded intracranial EEG data (specifically, ECoG) in 29 patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy while they were passively listening to a Pink Floyd song. The present dataset consists of preprocessed neural activity (High-Frequency Activity, 70-150 Hz), electrode coordinates (in MNI template space) and auditory stimulus (raw wave file, and 32- and 128-frequency-bin auditory spectrogram). HFA and both auditory spectrograms have a sampling rate of 100 Hz, and are temporally aligned (duration of 190.72 s). The code we used to preprocess and analyze the data is hosted on GitHub, <a href="https://github.com/ludovicbellier/PF_HFAdecoding">here</a> for the manuscript and <a href="https://github.com/ludovicbellier/PF_HFAdecoding">there</a> for the predictive modeling functions.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data from: Environmental DNA metabarcoding revealed the impacts of anthropogenic activities on phytoplankton diversity in Dianchi Lake and its three inflow rivers

Phytoplankton diversity is closely related to environmental variables and has been widely used in ecological health assessment of rivers and lakes. Combining the advantages of DNA-based identification and high-throughput sequencing technology, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding permits a new measurement for biodiversity monitoring in aquatic ecosystems. However, it had rarely been used to explore the variability and similarity of phytoplankton diversity between a lake and its inflow rivers and the effects of environmental variables on phytoplankton. This study utilized eDNA metabarcoding to investigate the spatial distribution of phytoplankton and the impacts of environmental variables on the phytoplankton diversity in Dianchi Lake (one of the most polluted urban lakes in China) and its main inflow rivers (Panlong River, Baoxiang River and Chai River). The OTU table is the original table about phytoplankton taxa. A total of 243 distinct phytoplankton taxa were detected, covering 9 phyla, 30 classes, 84 orders and 132 families, and the taxonomic richness of rivers was higher than that of Dianchi Lake.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data for: Passive and active parental food allocation in a songbird

Parent-offspring conflict over food allocation can be modeled using two theoretical frameworks: passive (scramble competition) and active choice (signaling) resolution models. However, differentiating between these models empirically can be challenging. One possibility involves investigating details of decision-making by feeding parents. Different nestling traits, related to competitive prowess or signalling cryptic condition, may interact additively or non-additively as predictors of parental feeding responses. To explore this, we experimentally created even-sized, small broods of pied flycatchers and manipulated nestling cryptic quality, independently of size, by vitamin E supplementation. We explored how interactions between nestling cryptic condition, size, signals, and spatial location predicted food allocation and prey-testing by parents. Parents created the potential for spatial scramble competition between nestlings by feeding from and to a narrow range of nest locations. Heavier supplemented nestlings grew faster and were more likely to access profitable nest locations. However, the most profitable locations were not more contested, and nestling turnover did not vary in relation to spatial predictability or food supply. Postural begging was only predicted by nestling hunger and body mass, but parents did not favor heavier nestlings. This suggests that size-mediated and spatial competition in experimental broods was mild. Pied flycatcher fathers allocated food in response to nestling position and begging order, while mothers seemingly followed an active choice mechanism involving assessment of more complex traits, including postural intensity interacting with order, position, and treatment, and perhaps other stimuli when performing prey-testings. Differences in time constraints may underlie sex differences in food allocation rules.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data and supplementary information: Effects of lithium on locomotor activity and circadian rhythm of honey bees

Data and supplementary files for publication:Erdem, B., Arslan, O.C., Sevin, S. Gozen, A. G., Agosto-Rivera, J. L., Tugrul, G., & Alemdar, H. (2023). Effects of lithium on locomotor activity and circadian rhythm of honey bees. Scientific Reports, 13, 19861. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46777-7 AcuteExp_Dark_ActivityData.xlsx - Total LMA counts of acute experiment in dark condition.AcuteExp_Light_ActivityData.xlsx - Total LMA counts of acute experiment in light condition.ChronicExp_ActivityData.xlsx - Total LMA counts of the chronic experiment.ChronicExp_MortalityData.xlsx - Mortality data of the chronic experiment.ChronicExp_PeriodRhytmData.xlsx - Defines rhythmic and arrhythmic individuals and the circadian periods (h) of the rhythmic individuals in chronic experiment.LD_doubleplots.pdf - Double-plotted actograms of the individuals in the chronic experiment in the 12 h light / 12 h dark condition.DD_doubleplots.pdf - Double-plotted actograms of the individuals in the chronic experiment in the constant dark condition.LL_doubleplots.pdf - Double-plotted actograms of the individuals in the chronic experiment in the constant light condition. In the double-plotted actograms, NR indicates "non-rhythmic" individuals.

Raw data for: Crosstalk between regulatory elements in the disordered TRPV4 N-terminus modulates lipid-dependent channel activity

This repository contains raw data and code related to "Crosstalk between regulatory elements in the disordered TRPV4 N-terminus modulates lipid-dependent channel activity" by Goretzki et al. Included are molecular dynamics parameter files, initial structures after system equilibration, production trajectories, and final structures of simulations of: 1. coarse-grained IDRs on membrane, and force and position data for restrained c-termini. Trajectories are subsampled with one frame every 50 ns. 2. The tetrameric TRPV4 core in a POPC in atomistic resolution. Trajectories are sampled with one frame every 1 ns.  3. The isolated ARD in solution in atomistic resolution. Trajectories are subsampled with one frame every 1 ns. Contact information: Name: Stefan L. Schaefer Institution: Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics Address: Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Email: stefan.schaefer@biophys.mpg.de Name: Ainara Claveras Cabezudo Institution: Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics Address: Max-von-Laue-Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Email: ainara.claveras@biophys.mpg.de

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Code and Data for the paper "Active smelling in the American cockroach"

Code and Data used in the paper "Active smelling in the american cockroach" by Antoine Hoffmann and Einat Couzin-Fuchs. Code author: Antoine Hoffmann The file structure indicated in the R scripts needs to be replicated for the code to work as is.

Data from: Immune challenge reduces daily activity period in free-living birds for three weeks

Non-lethal infections are common in free-living animals and the associated sickness behaviours can impact crucial life-history trade-offs. However, little is known about the duration and extent of such sickness behaviours in free-living animals, and consequently how this affects life-history decisions. Here, free-living Eurasian blackbirds Turdus merula were immune-challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic a bacterial infection, and their behaviour was monitored for up to 48 days using accelerometers. As expected, immune-challenged birds were less active than controls within the first 24 hours. Unexpectedly, this reduced activity remained detectable for 20 days, before both groups returned to similar activity levels. Furthermore, activity was positively correlated with a pre-experimental index of complement activity, but only in immune-challenged birds, suggesting that sickness behaviors are modulated by constitutive immune function. Differences in daily activity levels stemmed from immune-challenged birds resting earlier at dusk than control birds, while activity levels between groups were similar during core daytime hours. Overall, activity was reduced by 19% in immune-challenged birds and they were on average almost 1 hour less active per day for 20 days. This unexpected longevity in sickness behaviour may have severe implications during energy-intense annual-cycle stages (e.g., breeding, migration, winter). Thus, our data help to understand the consequences of non-lethal infections on free-living animals.

Data from: Heteroaggregation of virions with microplastics reduces the number of active bacteriophages in aqueous environments

The objective of this study is to explore the effects of microplastics on the viability of the bacteriophages in an aqueous environment. Bacteriophages (phages), i.e., viruses of bacteria, are essential in homeostasis. It is estimated that phages cause up to 40% of the death of all bacteria daily. Any factor affecting phage activity is vital for the whole food chain and the ecology of numerous niches. We hypothesize that the number of active phages decreases due to the virions' adsorption on microplastic particles or by the released leachables from additives used in the production of plastic, e.g., stabilizers, plasticizers, colorants, and reinforcements. We exposed three diverse phages, namely T4 (tailed), MS2 (icosahedral), and M13 (filamentous), to 1 mg/mL suspension of twelve industrial-grade plastics [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), poly-ε-caproamide (PA6), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PUR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC)] shredded to obtain microparticles of radius ranging from 2 to 50 µm. The effect of leachables was measured upon exposure of phages not to particles themselves but to the buffer pre-incubated with microplastics. A double-overlay plaque counting method was used to assess phage titers. We employed a classical linear regression model to verify which physicochemical parameters (65 variables were tested) govern the decrease of phage titers. The key finding is that adsorption mechanisms result in up to complete scavenging of virions, whereas leachables deactivate up to 50% of phages. This study reveals microplastic pollution's plausible and unforeseen ecotoxicological effect causing phage deactivation. Also, phage transmission through adsorption can alter the balance of the food chain in the new environment. The effect depends mainly on the zeta potentials of the polymers and the phage type.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Data for: Food Anticipatory Behaviour on European Seabass in Sea Cages: Activity-, Positioning- and Density-based approaches

Telemetry and sensory data data for: Food Anticipatory Behaviour on European Seabass in Sea Cages: Activity-, Positioning- and Density-based approaches Please read the README.txt file before working with the data.

Data for: Intraspecific variation for host immune activation by the spider mite Tetranychus evansi

Many parasites can interfere with their host's defences to maximize their fitness. Here, we investigated if there is heritable variation in the spider mite Tetranychus evansi for traits associated with how they interact with their host plant. We also determined if this variation correlates with mite fecundity. Tetranychus evansi can interfere with jasmonate (JA) defences which are the main determinant of anti-herbivore immunity in plants. We investigated (i) variation in fecundity in the presence and absence of JA defences, making use of a wild-type tomato cultivar and a JA-deficient mutant (defenseless-1), and (ii) variation in the induction of JA defences, in four T. evansi field populations and 59 inbred lines created from an outbred population originating from controlled crosses of the four field populations. We observed a strong positive genetic correlation between fecundity in the presence (on wild-type) and the absence of JA defences (on defenseless-1). However, fecundity did not correlate with the magnitude of induced JA defences in wild-type plants. Our results suggest that the performance of the specialist T. evansi is not related to their ability to manipulate plant defences, either because all lines can adequately reduce levels of defences, or because they are resistant to them.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Data from: Thermal springs and active fault network of the central Colca River basin, Western Cordillera, Peru, published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

We used hydrogeochemical analysis of 35 water samples from springs and geysers, together with isotopic (δ18O and δD) analysis, chemical and mineral studies of precipitates collected in the field around these outflows, and field observations to study the thermal system of the Colca River basin in S Peru. We aimed to determine the geochemistry of thermal waters, identify fluid sources and their origin, estimate reservoir temperature, and discuss the regional tectonic and volcanic framework. Our findings presented in Tyc et al. (2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513) corroborate a heterogeneous and complex geothermal system in the central region of the Colca River basin. This system exhibits contrasting hydrogeochemical and physical characteristics, variable isotope compositions, distinct reservoir temperatures, and associated precipitates near thermal springs. The control of water chemistry in this area is closely linked to the activity of the Ampato-Sabancaya magmatic chamber and the presence of tectonic structures, which enable intricate interactions between meteoric waters, magmatic fluids, and gases. Here, we present datasets used in the article (Tyc et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513), including: - Physicochemical characteristics of water samples collected by authors in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 (Table 1) - Chemical and isotopic composition of water samples collected by authors in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 (Table 2) and those monitored by INGEMMET in years 2013-2018 (Table 3) - Chosen molecular ratios discussed in Tyc et al., 2022 (Table 4) - Calculated reservoir temperature with the use of different Na/K geothermometers (Table 5) - Mineral phases in efflorescences precipitating at the water sampling sites (Table 6). Thirty-five sets of water samples were collected in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 using polyethylene bottles of high density (Table 1). Consequently, these were analyzed in the Water Analysis Laboratory at the University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland; Table 2). Water temperatures, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured in the field using portable pH meter CP-315 and conductivity meter CC-315, both with temperature sensors, with an accuracy of ±0.1 °C, ±0.01 pH, and ± 0.1% (up to 19.999 mS/cm) or ± 0.25% (above 20.00 mS/cm), respectively. Discharge of springs was estimated if possible (Table 1). Both cations and anions were analyzed by ion chromatography using Methron 850 Professional Ion Chromatograph with separate Metrosept C4–150 and A-supp 7–250 columns for cations and anions, respectively (Tables 2 and 4). Analysis of water analyses collected by INGEMMET in years 2013-2018 was performed at the INGEMMET Chemical Laboratory in Lima with the use of ion chromatography (Dionex ICS 5000) for the determination of anions and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) – VARIAN for cations (Table 3). Isotopic analyses (δ2H, δ18O) of 17 water samples collected in 2017 were performed at the Stable Isotope Laboratory Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences (Table 2). The δ2H values of studied H2O were measured using the H-Device peripheral coupled to MAT 253 IRMS (Thermo Scientific) in a dual inlet system. For the determination of δ18O in H2O, an equilibration technique was used. The analysis used the GasBench II peripheral device (Thermo Scientific) coupled to MAT 253 IRMS with a continuous He flow. The AquaChem 4.0.284 software was used to evaluate the water samples' geochemical properties and calculate reservoir temperature for thermal waters (Table 5). Precipitates found at the water sampling sites were collected separately into plastic bags with strings and sealed boxes. These samples were subsequently analyzed at the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice. The qualitative chemical composition and mineral characteristics were examined using a Philips XL 30 ESEM/TMP scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS; EDAX type Sapphire). The phase composition of the precipitates was determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Philips PW 3710 diffractometer. The XRD data were analyzed and interpreted using the X'Pert HIGHScore Plus software (Table 6).

Supporting materials and data from: Hypotheses concerning global magnetospheric convection, magnetosphere-Ionosphere coupling, and auroral activity at Uranus

Summary: The data and figures contained in this dataset are supporting materials for the paper referenced in the title and abstract below. This study involved an analytical and numerical assessment of the Uranian magnetosphere and its interaction with the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The data and figures contained in this dataset include supplementary results for a greater number of IMF orientations and Uranian seasons than the examples presented in the corresponding paper. Abstract from corresponding paper: doi:10.1029/2023JA031791 with Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics: We investigate the unique magnetosphere of Uranus and its interaction with the solar wind. Following previous work, we developed and validated a simple yet valuable and illustrative model of Uranus' offset, tilted, and rapidly-spinning magnetic field and magnetopause (nominal and fit to the Voyager-2 inbound crossing point) in three-dimensional space. With this model, we investigated details of the seasonal and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation dependencies of dayside and flank reconnection along the Uranian magnetopause. We found that anti-parallel (magnetic field shear angle greater than 170-degrees) reconnection occurs nearly continuously along the Uranian dayside and/or flank magnetopause under all seasons of the 84 (Earth) year Uranian orbit and the most likely IMF orientations. Such active and continuous driving of the Uranian magnetosphere should result in constant loading and unloading of the Uranian magnetotail, which may be further complicated and destabilized by sudden changes in the IMF orientation and solar wind conditions plus the reconfigurations from the rotation of Uranus itself. We demonstrate that unlike the other magnetospheric systems that are Dungey-cycle driven (i.e., Mercury and Earth) or rotationally driven (Jupiter and Saturn), global magnetospheric convection of plasma, magnetic flux, and energy flow may occur via three distinct cycles, two of which are unique to Uranus (and possibly also Neptune). Our simple model is also used to map signatures of dayside and flank reconnection down to the Uranian ionosphere, as a function of planetary latitude and longitude. Such mapping demonstrates that "spot"-like auroral features should be very common on the Uranian dayside, consistent with observations from Hubble Space Telescope. We further detail how the combination of Uranus' rapid rotation and unique and very active global magnetospheric convection should be consistent with fueling of the surprisingly intense trapped radiation environment observed by Voyager-2 during its single flyby. Summarizing, Uranus is a very special magnetosphere that offers new insights on the nature, complexity, and diversity of planetary magnetospheric systems and the acceleration of particles in space plasmas, which might have important analogs to exoplanetary magnetospheric systems. Our hypotheses can be tested with further work involving more advanced models, new auroral observations, and unprecedented missions to explore the in situ environment from orbit around Uranus, which should include a complement of magnetospheric instruments in the payload.

GPS and activity data from wild boars tracked in Southern France

Many animals living in anthropized landscapes try to avoid encountering people by being active at night. By doing so, however, they risk being disturbed while at rest during the day. To mitigate this risk, diurnally resting species may be highly selective about where they rest. Here, we used GPS and activity sensors to study how wild boars (Sus scrofa) might adjust their resting site selection and revisitation patterns to the risk of disturbance by people. We evaluated the probability of daytime relocation to assess the efficacy of wild boars' resting strategy in reducing the risk of human encounter while at rest. We attempted to identify the cause of some relocations using audio recordings. Generally, we found that wild boars did not specifically avoid resting near villages or roads, i.e. where the risk of encountering people is higher, if they could find sites with suitable vegetation cover. The risk of disturbance by people was low, even near villages. Resting sites located close to villages were visited more repeatedly than those located further away, suggesting that focusing on a few familiar and quiet resting sites was a successful strategy for resting undisturbed in an anthropized landscape.

Data from: Fission-fusion dynamics in sheep: The influence of resource distribution and temporal activity patterns

Fission-fusion events, i.e. changes to the size and composition of animal social groups, are a mechanism to adjust the social environment in response to short-term changes in the cost-benefit ratio of group living. Furthermore, the time and location of fission-fusion events provide insight into the underlying drivers of these dynamics. Here, we describe a method for identifying group membership over time and for extracting fission-fusion events from animal tracking data. We applied this method to high-resolution GPS data of free-ranging sheep (Ovis aries). Group size was highest during times when sheep typically rest (mid-day and at night), and when anti-predator benefits of grouping are high while costs of competition are low. Consistent with this, fission and fusion frequencies were highest during early morning and late evening, suggesting that social restructuring occurs during periods of high activity. However, fission and fusion events were not more frequent near food patches and water resources when adjusted for overall space use. This suggests a limited role of resource competition. Our results elucidate the dynamics of grouping in response to social and ecological drivers, and we provide a tool for investigating these dynamics in other species.

Data from: Human activities modulate reciprocal effects of a subterranean ecological engineer rodent, Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, on Afroalpine vegetation cover

Human activities, directly and indirectly, impact ecological engineering activities of subterranean rodents. As engineering activities of burrowing rodents are affected by, and reciprocally affect vegetation cover via feeding, burrowing and mound building, human influence such as settlements and livestock grazing, could have cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes such as bioturbation. However, there is limited understanding of the relationship between human activities and burrowing rodents. The aim of this study was therefore to understand how human activities influence the ecological engineering activity of the giant root-rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), a subterranean rodent species endemic to the Afroalpine ecosystem of the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. We collected data on human impact, burrowing activity and vegetation during February and March of 2021. Using path analysis, we tested (1) direct effects of human settlement on the patterns of livestock grazing intensity, (2) direct and indirect impacts of humans and livestock grazing intensity on the root-rat burrow density, and (3) whether human settlement and livestock grazing influence the effects of giant root-rat burrow density on vegetation and vice versa. We found lower levels of livestock grazing intensity further from human settlement than in its proximity. We also found a significantly increased giant root-rat burrow density with increasing livestock grazing intensity. Seasonal settlement and livestock grazing intensity had an indirect negative and positive effect on giant root-rat burrow density, respectively, both via vegetation cover. Analysing the reciprocal effects of giant root-rat on vegetation, we found a significantly decreased vegetation cover with increasing density of giant root-rat burrows, and indirectly with increasing livestock grazing intensity via giant root-rat burrow density. Our results demonstrate that giant root-rats play a synanthropic engineering role that affects vegetation structure and ecosystem processes.

Data from: Vitamin D induces SIRT1 activation through K610 deacetylation in colon cancer

Posttranslational modifications of epigenetic modifiers provide a flexible and timely mechanism for rapid adaptations to the dynamic environment of cancer cells. SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent epigenetic modifier whose activity is classically associated with healthy aging and longevity, but its function in cancer is not well understood. Here, we reveal that 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, calcitriol), the active metabolite of vitamin D (VD), promotes SIRT1 activation through auto-deacetylation in human colon carcinoma cells, and identify lysine 610 as an essential driver of SIRT1 activity. Remarkably, our data show that the post-translational control of SIRT1 activity mediates the antiproliferative action of 1,25(OH)2D3. This effect is reproduced by the SIRT1 activator SRT1720, suggesting that SIRT1 activators may offer new therapeutic possibilities for colon cancer patients who are VD deficient or unresponsive. Moreover, this might be extrapolated to inflammation and other VD deficiency-associated and highly prevalent diseases in which SIRT1 plays a prominent role.

Data from: Silicon supplementation and jasmonate activation synergistically increase phenolic defences against a legume herbivore

The accumulation of silicon (Si) is widely reported to have anti-herbivore defensive properties in grasses. There is emerging, but fragmentary, evidence that Si could play a similar role in legumes. Here, we sought to understand the effects of Si supplementation on anti-herbivore defensive properties in lucerne (Medicago sativa), especially in relation to other potential defences (i.e. phenolics) and the phytohormone that regulates anti-herbivore defences, jasmonic acid or jasmonate (JA), which is also linked to Si accumulation. We determined how growth, root nodulation and chemistry (carbon, nitrogen and phenolic concentrations) of four genotypes of lucerne responded to Si supplementation, with and without the application of JA, and we used feeding assays to determine the subsequent effects on the feeding success of adult Sitona discoideus weevils. Si supplementation increased plant mass and root nodulation of M. sativa by 61% and 227%, respectively, and reduced relative consumption (RC) and frass production by S. discoideus by 38% and 30%, respectively. Si supplementation had no effect on foliar nitrogen concentrations, most likely due to the dilution effects of increased plant growth and foliar carbon. Phenolic concentrations were negatively correlated with leaf RC; RC also decreased by 34% when JA was applied to plants. When Si was combined with JA application, phenolics were significantly enhanced, demonstrating the potential to stimulate multiple anti-herbivore properties in M. sativa. The novel findings suggest that Si accumulation may play a more important role in legume resistance to herbivorous animals than previously thought. The ubiquity of soil Si and its emerging functional role in plant biology, including plant–animal interactions, suggest that these patterns could be common amongst legumes.