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650 results for “angiosperm”
Data from: Angiosperm wood structure: global patterns in vessel anatomy and their relationship to wood density and potential conductivity
Woody stems comprise a large biological carbon fraction and determine water transport between roots and leaves; their structure and function can influence both carbon and hydrological cycles. While angiosperm wood anatomy and density determine hydraulic conductivity and mechanical strength, little is known about interrelations across many species. We compiled a global dataset comprising two anatomical traits for 3005 woody angiosperms: mean vessel lumen area ( ) and number per unit area (N). From these, we calculated vessel lumen fraction (F = N) and size/number ratio (S = /N), a new vessel composition index. We examined extent to which F and S influenced potential sapwood specific stem conductivity (KS) and wood density (D; dry mass/fresh volume). F and S varied essentially independently across angiosperms. Variation in KS was driven primarily by S, and variation in D was virtually unrelated to F and S. Tissue density outside vessel lumens (DN) must predominantly influence D. High S should confer faster Ks but incur greater freeze-thaw embolism risk. F should also affect KS, and both F and DN should influence mechanical strength, capacitance, and construction costs. Improved theory and quantification are needed to better understand ecological costs and benefits of these three distinct dimensions.
Data from: Range‐wide population genetic structure of the Caribbean marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum
Many marine species have widespread geographic ranges derived from their evolutionary and ecological history particularly their modes of dispersal. Seagrass (marine angiosperm) species have ranges that are unusually widespread, which is not unexpected following recent reviews of reproductive strategies demonstrating the potential for long distance dispersal combined with longevity through clonality. An exemplar of these dual biological features is turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) which is an ecologically important species throughout the tropical Atlantic region. Turtlegrass has been documented to have long distance dispersal via floating fruits and also extreme clonality and longevity. We hypothesise that across its range, Thalassia testudinum will have very limited regional population structure due to these characteristics and under typical models of population structure would expect to detect high levels of genetic connectivity. There are very few studies of range-wide genetic connectivity documented for seagrasses or other sessile marine species. This study presents a population genetic data set that represents a geographic area exceeding 14,000 km2. Population genetic diversity was evaluated from 32 Thalassia testudinum populations sampled across the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Genotypes were based on nine microsatellites and haplotypes were based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Very limited phylogeographic signal from cpDNA reduced the potential comparative analyses possible. Multiple analytical clustering approaches on population genetic data revealed two significant genetic partitions: 1) The Caribbean, and 2) The Gulf of Mexico. Genetic diversity was high (HE = 0.641) and Isolation by Distance was significant, gene flow and migration estimates across the entire range were however modest, we suggest that the frequency of successful recruitment across the range is uncommon. Thalassia testudinum maintains genetic diversity across its entire distribution range. The genetic split may be explained by genetic drift during recolonsation from refugia following relatively recent reduction in available habitat such as the last glacial maxima.
Data from: Leafing intensity and the fruit size/number trade-off in woody angiosperms
A sample of woody angiosperm species was used to test a central prediction of the 'leafing intensity premium' hypothesis: higher leafing intensity (number of leaves produced per unit dry mass of shoot vegetative tissue produced in the same growing season) confers a larger bud bank (i.e. number of axillary meristems per unit shoot tissue) that can be deployed for reproduction, and thus confers generally greater fruit numbers, and hence higher potential fecundity allocation (i.e. fecundity per unit size of the supporting shoot tissue that is produced in the same growing season. Current-year shoots (i.e. bearing leaves) were collected to record: shoot dry mass, total number of leaves, total number of fruits or fruit clusters (if derived from inflorescences), mean individual leaf dry mass and mean individual fruit dry mass. Sampled individuals (shrubs and trees) were also measured for body size (main stem height and circumference). Species with larger individual fruit (or fruit cluster) mass have generally larger leaves, but they also have a negative trade-off relationship with 'fruiting intensity' – that is the total number of reproductive meristems producing fruits (or fruit clusters) per unit dry mass of shoot vegetative tissue produced in the same growing season. Variation in fruiting intensity, however, is better predicted by a positive relationship with variation in bud bank size. Species with smaller leaf size (dry mass) have generally higher leafing intensity; species with higher leafing intensity in turn have generally higher fruiting intensity; and species with higher fruiting intensity in turn have generally higher potential fecundity allocation (based on the typical species maximum number of seeds per fruit, obtained from published floras). Species with smaller body size have generally higher potential fecundity allocation, but body size had no significant relationships with other measured traits when controlling for phylogeny (using phylogenetically independent contrasts). Synthesis. Our results indicate that bud bank size is an important functional trait for defining adaptive strategy in woody angiosperms. A larger bud bank is generated by higher leafing intensity, which in turn generates higher fruiting intensity, thus generating greater potential fecundity allocation. These traits will be important for maximizing reproductive economy – that is capacity to produce offspring despite growth or body size limitation (e.g. due to crowding/competition, or because of limited time available for growth, flowering, pollination or fruit/seed maturation).
Data from: Resolving rapid radiations within angiosperm families using anchored phylogenomics
Despite the promise that molecular data would provide a seemingly unlimited source of independent characters, many plant phylogenetic studies are still based on only two regions, the plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA). Their popularity can be explained by high copy numbers and universal PCR primers that make their sequences easily amplified and converted into parallel datasets. Unfortunately, their utility is limited by linked loci and limited characters resulting in low confidence in the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates, especially when rapid radiations occur. In another contribution on anchored phylogenomics in angiosperms, we presented flowering plant-specific anchored enrichment probes for hundreds of conserved nuclear genes and demonstrated their use at the level of all angiosperms. In this contribution, we focus on a common problem in phylogenetic reconstructions below the family level: weak or unresolved backbone due to rapid radiations (≤10 million years) followed by long divergence, using the Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae clade (CDS, Cyperaceae) as a test case. By comparing our nuclear matrix of 461 genes to a typical Sanger-sequence dataset consisting of a few plastid genes (matK, ndhF) and an nrDNA marker (ETS), we demonstrate that our nuclear data is fully compatible with the Sanger dataset and resolves short backbone internodes with high support in both concatenated and coalescence-based analyses. In addition, we show that nuclear gene tree incongruence is inversely proportional to phylogenetic information content, indicating that incongruence is mostly due to gene tree estimation error. This suggests that large numbers of conserved nuclear loci could produce more accurate trees than sampling rapidly evolving regions prone to saturation and long-branch attraction. The robust phylogenetic estimates obtained here, and high congruence with previous morphological and molecular analyses, are strong evidence for a complete tribal revision of CDS. The anchored hybrid enrichment probes used in this study should be similarly effective in other flowering plant groups.
Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Cardamine hirsuta (Brassicaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Lagotis glauca (Scrophulariaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - juvenile
Image of Lagotis glauca (Scrophulariaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - juvenile
Lagotis glauca (Scrophulariaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - fruit - immature
Image of Lagotis glauca (Scrophulariaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - fruit - immature
Lagotis glauca (Scrophulariaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in fruit
Image of Lagotis glauca (Scrophulariaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant - in fruit
Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Image of Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Image of Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant
Image of Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - whole plant
Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - on upper stem
Image of Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - on upper stem
Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Image of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - on upper stem
Image of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - on upper stem
Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Image of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem
Image of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem
Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Image of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - stem - showing leaf bases
Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae) - herbaceous angiosperms - leaf - basal or on lower stem
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.