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558 results for “dry forest”
Data from: Limitations to recovery following wildfire in dry forests of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, USA
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Data from: Landscape genetics of leaf-toed geckos in the tropical dry forest of northern Mexico
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Beyond leaf habit: generalities in plant function across 97 tropical dry forest tree species
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Data from: Differences in nitrogen cycling between tropical dry forests with contrasting precipitation revealed by stable isotopes of nitrogen in plants and soils
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Predator-prey interactions in anurans of the tropical dry forests of the Colombian Caribbean: a functional approach
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Geographical Ecology of Dry Forest Tree Communities in the West Indies
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Figures for "California forest die-off linked to multi-year deep soil drying in 2012-2015 drought"
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Figure 4 in Three new Mexican species of the endemic Athysanini leafhopper genus Devolana DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the tropical dry forest
Figure 4. Map of distribution of the genus Devolana in Mexico.
Fig. 6 in Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius
Fig. 6. Neophyllobius tescalicola sp. nov., ♀, holotype. A. Palp. B. Subcapitulum. C. Dorsal idiosoma. D. Ventral idiosoma. E. Trochanter–tibia of leg I. F. Tarsus I.
Fig. 3 in Camerobiid mites (Acariformes: Raphignathina: Camerobiidae) inhabiting epiphytic bromeliads and soil litter of tropical dry forest with analysis of setal homology in the genus Neophyllobius
Fig. 3. Schematic leg setations of Neophyllobius cibyci sp. nov. A–D. ♀, holotype. A. Trochanter–tibia of leg I. B. Trochanter–tibia of leg II. C. Trochanter–tibia of leg III. D. Trochanter–tibia of leg IV. E–H. ♁, paratype (CNAC009238). E. Trochanter–tibia of leg I. F. Trochanter–tibia of leg II. G. Trochanter–tibia of leg III. H.Trochanter–tibia of leg IV. I–L. Protonymph, paratype (CNAC009241). I. Trochantertibia of leg I. J. Trochanter–tibia of leg II. K. Trochanter–tibia of leg III. L. Trochanter–tibia of leg IV. M–O. Larva, paratype (CNAC009242). M. Trochanter–tibia of leg I. N. Trochanter–tibia of leg II. O. Trochanter–tibia of leg III.
Fig. 2 in Croton calcareus: a new species of dragon's blood (Euphorbiaceae) from dry forest in the state of Chiapas, Mexico
Fig. 2. Croton calcareus Riina & Mateo-Ram. sp. nov. A. Image of an isotype (MA). B. Apical portion of a young branch showing the short young stipule (right arrow) and fully developed stipule (left arrow); the arrows point to the base of each stipule. C. Petiolar nectary glands visible from the adaxial side on a leaf with a rounded base. D. Petiolar nectary glands visible from the abaxial side on a leaf with a cordate base. E. Branch showing a young inflorescence. F. Section of inflorescence with detail of male flowers. G. Mature fruit. Scale bars = 1 mm. Vouchers: A, C, E, G: Hampshire et al. 1161 (MA); B, D, F: Davidse et al. 30083 (MA).
Fig. 1 in Croton calcareus: a new species of dragon's blood (Euphorbiaceae) from dry forest in the state of Chiapas, Mexico
Fig. 1. Bayesian majority rule consensus phylogram of nuclear ITS data from a selection of Croton L. taxa including two accessions of Croton calcareus Riina & Mateo-Ram. sp. nov. Species marked with an asterisk correspond to those with which C. calcareus sp. nov. has been previously confused. The relevant clades are labelled on the left side. Numbers next to nodes indicate clade support (Bayesian posterior probabilities).
Fig. 4 in Croton calcareus: a new species of dragon's blood (Euphorbiaceae) from dry forest in the state of Chiapas, Mexico
Fig. 4. Distribution map showing the localities (black squares) of Croton calcareus Riina & Mateo-Ram. sp. nov., all known from southern Mexico.
Seed consumption by small fish follows peak seed availability in a tropical dry forest river
<p>Seed consumption and dispersal by fish has been more extensively described in natural Neotropical large river systems of Amazonia, where ichthyochory follows a seasonal gradient associated with a floodpulse that creates long-lasting seasonally flood zones. It has been shown that it is relevant in maintaining the plant community structure of wetlands, but its effects on plant communities in seasonal dry forests are largely unknown. The Amacuzac hydrological system, which runs through one of the most extensive seasonal tropical dry forests of Central Mexico, shows a marked climatic seasonality, which in turn determines a transient increase in river flow and its potential to overflow, resulting in a drag effect on banks, and in the river carrying three times more seeds in the rainy than in the dry season. Another characteristic of the system is the coexistence of native and non-native fish species, due to the fact that the middle part of the river receives discharges from four tributaries that cross important urban, industrial, and agricultural districts as well as an extensive network of ornamental fish farms. Therefore, we hypothesize that rates of seed consumption by fish would correspondingly increase during rainy seasons, and that both native and non-native fish would consume seeds in similar proportions. We evaluated seed consumption by fish by (a) identifying and estimating the frequency and number of fish species whose stomachs contained seeds, and determining the percentage of each fishes' diet corresponding to seeds with respect to total food items, and (b) by evaluating if there were seasonal differences in the consumption of intact seeds by fish and between native vs. non-native species. We found two native species - <i>Astyanax aeneus</i> and <i>Notropis moralesi</i>, and two non-native species - <i>Aequidens rivulatus</i> and <i>Amatitlania nigrofasciata </i>containing seeds in their stomachs. The number of individuals with seeds was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, with a higher proportion of non-native fishes carrying seeds, but only in the rainy season. We found significant differences between the fish species in the proportion of seeds consumed. Fishes follow the peak of seed availability after a flood pulse released them from the soil seed banks. Thus, fishes consume fruits/seeds on a seasonal basis, however in this case it is explained by a different mechanism other than the timing of seed production by trees. As with hydrochory in tropical dry forests, seed consumption/dispersal by fish inhabiting rivers within this ecosystem has been overlooked in the ecology and conservation literature. This evidence is relevant for tropical dry forest ecosystem dynamics and management strategies in riparian corridors.</p> <p> </p>
How does prescribed fire shape bird and plant communities in a temperate dry forest ecosystem?
<p>To mitigate the impact of severe wildfire on human society and the environment, prescribed fire is widely used in forest ecosystems to reduce fuel loads and limit fire spread. To avoid detrimental effects on conservation values, it is imperative to understand how prescribed fire affects taxa having a range of different adaptations to disturbance. Such studies will have greatest benefit if they extend beyond short-term impacts of burning. We used a field study to examine the effects of prescribed fire on birds and plants across a 36-year post-fire chronosequence in a temperate dry forest ecosystem in south-eastern Australia, and by making comparison with long-unburnt reference sites (79 years since wildfire). We modelled changes in the relative abundance of 22 bird species and the cover of 39 plant species, and examined how individual species, functional groups, species richness and community composition differed between sites with different fire history. For most individual bird and plant species modelled, relative abundance or cover at sites subject to prescribed fire did not change significantly with time since fire or differ from that of long-unburnt vegetation. When bird species were pooled into functional groups, time since prescribed fire had strong effects on birds that forage in the lower-midstorey, facultative-resprouting shrubs and obligate-seeding shrubs. Species richness for both taxa did not differ between sites subject to prescribed fire and those in long-unburnt vegetation. Bird communities varied significantly between the youngest (0-3 years) and oldest (79 years) post-fire age-classes, driven by species associated with understorey vegetation. Plant community composition showed little evidence of a post-fire successional trajectory. The prevalence of bird species with broad habitat and dietary niches and plant regeneration through resprouting, make bird and plant communities in these forests relatively resilient to small and patchy prescribed fires they have experienced to date. Application of prescribed fire will be most compatible with maintaining biodiversity by taking a landscape approach that: 1) plans for a geographic spread of stands with a range of between-prescribed-fire intervals to ensure provision of suitable habitat for all taxa, and 2) avoids burning in moist gullies to maintain their value as fire refuges.</p>
Data from: Human disturbance promotes herbivory by leaf-cutting ants in the Caatinga dry forest
Anthropogenic disturbances are known to modify plant-animal interactions such as those involving the leaf-cutting ants, the most voracious and proliferating herbivore across human-modified landscapes in the Neotropics. Here we evaluate the effect of chronic anthropogenic disturbance (e.g. firewood collection, livestock grazing) and vegetation seasonality on foraging area, foliage availability in the foraging area, leaf consumption, and herbivory rate of the leaf-cutting ant Atta opaciceps in the semi-arid Caatinga, a mosaic of dry forest and scrub vegetation in northeast Brazil. Contrary to our initial expectation, the foraging area was not affected by either disturbance intensity or the interaction between season and disturbance intensity. However, leaf consumption and herbivory rate were higher in more disturbed areas. We also found a strong effect of seasonality, with higher leaf consumption and herbivory rate in the dry season. Our results suggest that the foraging ecology of leaf-cutting ants is modulated by human disturbance and seasonality as these two drivers affect the spectrum and the amount of resources available for these ants in the Caatinga. Despite the low productivity of Caatinga vegetation, the annual rates of biomass consumption by A. opaciceps are similar to those reported from other leaf-cutting ants in rainforests and savannas. This is made possible by maintaining high foraging activity even in the peak of the dry season and taking benefit from any resource available, including low-quality items. Such compensation highlights the adaptive capacity of LCA to persist or even proliferate in human-modified landscapes from dry to rainforests.
Data from: White-tailed deer as the last megafauna dispersing seeds in Neotropical dry forests: the role of fruit and seed traits
Endozoochory is a prominent form of seed dispersal in tropical dry forests. Most extant megafauna that perform such seed dispersal are ungulates, which can also be seed predators. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is one of the last extant megafauna of Neotropical dry forests, but whether it serves as a legitimate seed disperser is poorly understood. We studied seed dispersal patterns and germination after white-tailed deer gut passage in a tropical dry forest in southwest Ecuador. Over 23 mo, we recorded ca 2000 seeds of 11 species in 385 fecal samples. Most seeds belonged to four species of Fabaceae: Chloroleucon mangense, Senna mollissima, Piptadenia flava, and Caesalpinia glabrata. Seeds from eight of the 11 species dispersed by white-tailed deer germinated under controlled conditions. Ingestion did not affect germination of C. mangense and S. mollissima, whereas C. glabrata showed reduced germination. Nevertheless, the removal of fruit pulp resulting from ingestion by white-tailed deer could have a deinhibition effect on germination due to seed release. Thus, white-tailed deer play an important role as legitimate seed dispersers of woody species formerly considered autochorous. Our results suggest that more research is needed to fully understand the ecological and evolutionary effects of the remaining extant megafauna on plant regeneration dynamics in the dry Neotropics.
Data from: Traits including leaf dry matter content and leaf pH dominate over forest soil pH as drivers of litter decomposition among 60 species
1. Soil pH varies by several units among ecosystems. While soil pH is known to be a key driver of plant species composition, we still have a poor understanding of how it affects carbon cycling processes. For instance, soil pH, or its associated chemistry in terms of base cations and organic acids, may affect decomposition rates of dead matter directly, by controlling decomposer composition and activity, and indirectly, by controlling the traits of the plant species and thereby the afterlife effects of those traits on litter decomposition. Leaf and litter pH may play a role in this control. Based on the very limited empirical data available, we hypothesized that variation in species traits including leaf (litter) pH, within and between ecosystems contrasting in soil pH, would have stronger effects on leaf litter decomposition rates than variation in soil chemistry would. 2. We tested this hypothesis by carrying out a 'common garden' litterbed experiment in subtropical SW China, in which leaf litters of the 30 predominant plant species from mid-successional forest on acidic sandstone (soil pH around 4.0) and calcareous soil (pH around 7.5) respectively, were incubated and their decomposition rates measured over two harvests in fourteen months, both in soil plus litter matrix from their 'home' forest and in those from the "away" forest. 3. We found that leaf (litter) trait variation among species and plant functional types, headed by species' dry matter content but also including tissue pH, was the strongest driver of variation in leaf litter decomposition rates. Surprisingly however, while these effects of interspecific trait variation were very strong among species from the same site, there was no overall difference in litter decomposability between the species from the acidic versus calcareous site. Equally surprising was that this strong difference in pH of soil substrate plus litter matrix from an acidic sandstone site versus a calcareous karst site did not directly affect leaf litter decomposition rates across a given species set. 4. This first attempt to disentangle the multiple potential direct and indirect ways in which soil and leaf (litter) acidity might be related to litter decomposition rates, has important implications for our understanding of soil-plant feedbacks. Based on our forest-based study, we predict that soil-plant feedbacks via acidity are unlikely to be strong in ecosystems with wide-ranging species in terms of their leaf functional traits, including leaf pH.
FIGURE 8 in Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a Tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 8. Neoscirula hoffmannae sp. nov. male. G, body dorsal view; H, body ventral view.
FIGURE 5 in Three new species of Neoscirula (Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) from a Tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico
FIGURE 5. Neoscirula baloghi sp. nov. female. G, body dorsal view; H, body ventral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.