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13,310 results for “female”
Data from: Evolutionary divergence via sexual selection acting on females in a species with sex role reversal
<p>1. There is much evidence that sexual selection drives the evolutionary divergence of male sexual traits, but little is known of females.</p> <p>2. Comparisons between neutral genetic divergence (FST) and phenotypic divergence (PST) among populations can reveal evolutionary responses to selection.</p> <p>3. In the bushcricket <em>Kawanaphila nartee</em>, changes in floral food availability cause sex roles to shift from competitive females and choosy males to choosy females and competitive males midway through the breeding season. Males call to attract females, and female auditory spiracle size is under sexual selection. We ask whether selection on females can drive an evolutionary divergence in auditory spiracle size among populations.</p> <p>4. We sampled 188 individuals from nine geographic locations and analysed 9,478 neutral SNP loci and two phenotypic characters to estimate FST and PST, respectively.</p> <p>5. We found that PST for female auditory spiracle size far exceeded the global FST, suggesting that female auditory spiracle size is subject to strong directional selection. We relate differences in phenotypic traits to differences in geological and floristic characteristics among the sites.</p> <p>6. Our data suggest that variation in sexual selection driven by variation in the floristic community on which this species feeds may contribute to the strength of directional selection acting on female <em>K. nartee</em> among populations.</p> <p>7. Together, these findings indicate that divergence among populations can be driven by sexual selection acting on females, even when that selection is temporary and circumscribed.</p>
Data from: The evolution of sex similarities in social signals: Climatic seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism and greater elaboration of female and male signals in antbirds (Thamnophilidae)
<p>Selection on signals that mediate social competition varies with resource availability. Climate regulates resource availability, which may affect the strength of competition and selection on signals. Traditionally, this meant that more seasonal, colder, or dryer – overall harsher – environments should favor the elaboration of male signals under stronger male-male competition, increasing sexual dimorphism. However, females also use signals to compete; thus, harsher environments could strengthen competition and favor elaboration of signals in both sexes, decreasing sexual dimorphism. Alternatively, harsher environments could decrease sexual dimorphism due to scarcer resources to invest in signal elaboration in both sexes. We evaluated these contrasting hypotheses in antbirds, a family of Neotropical passerines that varies in female and male signals and occurs across diverse climatic regimes. We tested the association of sexual dimorphism of plumage coloration and songs with temperature, precipitation and their seasonality. We found that greater seasonality is associated with lower sexual dimorphism in plumage coloration and greater elaboration of visual signals in both sexes, but not acoustic signals. Our results suggest that greater seasonality may be associated with convergent elaboration of female and male visual signals, highlighting the role of signals of both sexes in the evolution of sexual dimorphism.</p>
Fig. 9. Females. A in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)
Fig. 9. Females. A. Dicranopalpus gallaecicus sp. nov., distal part of ovipositor with seminal receptacles. B–F. Seminal receptacles (C–E left side).B. D. insignipalpis (Simon, 1879) (CHW 474). C. D. gallaecicus sp. nov. (CHW 492). D. D. cantabricus Dresco, 1953 (ZUPV 4542). E. D. pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948 (CJM 2649). F. D. catariegensis sp. nov. (CHW 467). Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B–F = 50 μm.
Fig. 19. Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948. Right pedipalp. A–C. Male. D–E. Female. A, D. Median view. B. Claw. C, E in Revision of the genus Dicranopalpus from northern Spain and Corsica, with descriptions of two new species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Phalangioidea)
Fig. 19. Dicranopalpus pyrenaeus Dresco, 1948. Right pedipalp. A–C. Male. D–E. Female. A, D. Median view. B. Claw. C, E. Dorsal view of patella and tibia. Scale bars: A, C–D = 0.5 mm; B = 50 μm.
Figures 547–551. Teruelius olgae, female. Figures 547–548 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)
Figures 547–551. Teruelius olgae, female. Figures 547–548. Habitus, dorsal (547) and ventral (548) views. Scale bar: 10 mm. Figures 549–551. Metasoma and telson. lateral (549), ventral (550) and dorsal (551) views. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figures 500–511. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 500–508 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)
Figures 500–511. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 500–508. Pedipalp chela, dorsal (500), external (501) and ventrointernal (502) views; pedipalp patella, dorsal (503), external (504) and ventral (505) views; pedipalp femur and trochanter, internal (506) and dorsal (507) views; pedipalp chela, movable finger dentate margin (508). Figure 509. Carapace and tergites I–III. Figure 510. Sternopectinal region. Figure 511. Telson lateral view.
Figures 495–499. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 495–496 in Review of Grosphus Simon 1880 with description of Teruelius gen n a new buthid genus from Madagascar (Scorpiones Buthidae)
Figures 495–499. Teruelius intertidalis, female holotype. Figures 495–496. Habitus in dorsal (495) and ventral (496) views, and original labels. Figures 497–499. Metasoma in lateral (497), ventral (498) and dorsal (499) views. Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 9 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 9 SEM micrographs ofPediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), phoretic female: A – several females attached to gamasid mite Haemogamasus ambulans (Haemogamasidae), B – one female attached toHaemogamasus ambulans, C – general view dorsally, D – prodorsum, E – general view ventrally, F – prosoma, ventral aspect.
Figure 5 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 5 Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), phoretic female: A – dorsum of body, B – venter of body. Legs omitted.
Figure 1 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 1 Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), non-phoretic female: A – dorsum of body, B – venter of body. Legs omitted.
Figure 2 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 2 Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), non-phoretic female: A – gnathosoma, dorsal aspect, B – gnathosoma and pharyngeal pumps, ventral aspect.
Figure 8 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 8 Phase contrast micrograph ofPediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), phoretic female: A – general view dorsally, B – general view ventrally.
Figure 4 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 4 Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), non-phoretic female: A – left leg III, dorsal aspect, B – left leg IV, dorsal aspect.
Figure 10 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 10 SEM micrographs ofPediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), phoretic female: A – gnathosoma, B – metapodosoma, ventral aspect, C – opisthosoma, ventral aspect, D – tibia and tarsus II, dorsal aspect, E – tibiotarsus I, dorsal aspect, F – tibiotarsus I, ventral aspect.
Figure 3 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 3 Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), non-phoretic female: A – left leg I, dorsal aspect, B – left leg II, dorsal aspect.
Figure 6 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 6 Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), phoretic female: A – left leg I, dorsal aspect, B –
Figure 7 in First description of phoretic and redescription of non-phoretic females of Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka) (Acari: Pygmephoridae) from Western Siberia, Russia
Figure 7 Pediculaster nidicolus (Mahunka, 1972), phoretic female: A – left leg III, dorsal aspect, B – left leg IV, dorsal aspect.
Figs 1–2 in Description of the hitherto unknown female of Priocnemis sugonjaevi Lelej et Loktionov, 2015 (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae)
Figs 1–2. Priocnemis sugonjaevi Lelej et Loktionov, female from Amurskaya oblast, Russia. 1 – habitus, dorsal view; 2 – habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Fig. 3. Norbanus brevicornis Szelenyi, 1974, female. A in New records of Pteromalinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) from Iran
Fig. 3. Norbanus brevicornis Szelenyi, 1974, female. A – body, lateral view; B – antenna; C – head, frontal view; D – mesosoma, dorsal view; E – the same, lateral view; F – fore wing.
Fig. 1. Coelopisthia areolata Askew, 1980, female. A in New records of Pteromalinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) from Iran
Fig. 1. Coelopisthia areolata Askew, 1980, female. A – body, lateral view; B – antenna; C – head, frontal view; D – mesosoma, dorsal view; E – fore wing.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.