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FIGURE 5. A–G in Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

FIGURE 5. A–G, SEM photographs of pedicellariae and stalk of Arbacia nigra; A, aboral ophicephalous pedicellaria; B, oral ophicephalous pedicellaria; C, triphyllous pedicellaria; D, tridactylous pedicellaria; E, distal end of ophicephalous pedicellaria stalk; F–G, maginifications; F, aboral ophicephalous pedicellaria; G, tridentate pedicellaria. Scale bars: A–E, 100 µm; F–G: scale bars equal 50 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

FIGURE 3. Denuded test of Arbacia nigra from Las Cruces (A–F; Chile) and Concepción (G; Chile). A–B, specimen TN_ 35LC: A, aboral view; B, oral view. C–F, specimen TN_9LC; C, aboral view; D, oral view; E–F, lateral views; G, apical system of specimen TN_2CO. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 2. Relationships among some Arbaciidae. A in Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

FIGURE 2. Relationships among some Arbaciidae. A, BI (Bayesian Inference) tree of COI sequences; B, BI tree of 28S sequences. Values under each node respectively correspond to BI posterior probabilities below 1.

FIGURE 1. A–B in Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

FIGURE 1. A–B, Tetrapygus niger; C–D, Arbacia spatuligera; E–F, Arbacia dufresnii; G, Distribution of studied Arbaciidae and sampling sites. Scale bar equals 10 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

FIGURE 6. Spines of Arbacia nigra specimen TN_36PA; A–B, adapical spine; A, lateral view; B, adoral view; C–E, oral spine; C, complete oral spine; D, zoom on the proximal part; E, zoom on the distal part. Scale bars equal 500 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic reassessment of Tetrapygus niger (Arbacioida, Echinoidea): molecular and morphological evidence support its placement in Arbacia

FIGURE 4. Arbacia nigra, details of test plating. A–B, apical system: A, small specimen (TD = 28 mm); B, large specimen (TD = 70 mm); C, aboral plates of ambulacrum; D–E, aboral plates of interambulacrum: D, small specimen (TD = 29 mm); E, large specimen (TD = 70 mm). Scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Luisia brachyota (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) a new species from China: evidence based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 2. Luisia brachyota (A) Plant; (B) Inflorescence; (C) Flower; (D) Pollinia; (E, G) Petals; (F) Dorsal sepal; (H, K) Lateral sepal; (I) Lip; (J) Ovary and column; (L) anther cap.

FIGURE 1 in Luisia brachyota (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) a new species from China: evidence based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree inferred by maximum-likelihood analysis of the combined matrix. The numbers near the nodes are bootstrap percentages and Bayesian posterior probabilities (only showing the value of BS ML> 30, BP ML left, BP MP middle, and PP right). The partial trees based on nrITS (A) and combined plastid (B) are shown in the top left corner. A dash (-) indicates the node topology is inconsistent between the MP, ML and Bayesian tree.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Brassica (Brassicaceae) from Bolkar Mountains (Türkiye) with morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of taxa, A—Brassica repanda and its taxa in world, B—Distribution of Brassica huseyin-duralii and B. elongata in Türkiye.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Brassica (Brassicaceae) from Bolkar Mountains (Türkiye) with morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 3. Habitus and habitat of Brassica huseyin-duralii, A-B) habitus, C-D) habitat of new species [above Meydan Platea, photos were taken by Ahmet Savran (A) and Ali Keskin (B,C,D)]

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Brassica (Brassicaceae) from Bolkar Mountains (Türkiye) with morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic placement of Brassica huseyin-duralii based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS). Phylogenetic tree is derived from Bayesian analysis. Posterior probabilities (> 0.5) and bootstrap values (derived from maximum likelihood analysis) are given above and belowe the branches, respectively. Brassica huseyin-duralii and its close relatives B. elongata and B. repanda are highlighted by color.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Brassica (Brassicaceae) from Bolkar Mountains (Türkiye) with morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURE 4. The digital image of some morphological characteristics of Brassica huseyin-duralii, A) flowering stem, B)fruity stem, C) rosette leaves, D) rosette leaf hairs, E) glabrous pedicel, F) hairy pedicel, G, H, I) Inflorescence and flowers, J) sepal shape and hairs, K) petal shape, L) stamens, M) pistil, N) siliqua, O) valve (carpel) sructure, P) valve and seed, R) seeds.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Walter HE, Cádiz-Véliz A, Meriño BM, Villalobos-Barrantes HM, Guerrero PC (2024) Taxonomic dissection based on molecular evidence of the Eriosyce curvispina complex (Cactaceae): identifying nine endemic species from Central Chile. PhytoKeys 237: 117-139. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.107403

New accessions of taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses, including their laboratory code, population locality, and GenBank numbers

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Supplementary material 5 from: Gaudeul M, Sweeney P, Munzinger J (2024) An updated infrageneric classification of the pantropical species-rich genus Garcinia L. (Clusiaceae) and some insights into the systematics of New Caledonian species, based on molecular and morphological evidence. PhytoKeys 239: 73-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.239.112563

Molecular phylogeny of Garcinia L. based on a combined ITS and chloroplast DNA (psbM-trnD, trnQ-rps16 and rps16-trnK) dataset and Bayesian inference

opennotspecifiedJan 2020View details →

FIGURE 2 in Cymbidium biflorens (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of C. biflorens based on the combined plastid DNA. The numbers near the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP), maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages (BP ML) and maximum parsimony bootstrap percentages (BP MP). "*" indicates that the node has BP 100 or PP 1.00. "-" indicates that the node is incongruent between the Bayesian and MP/ML trees.

Figure 24 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence

Figure 24. Diplomma serpentina (Stimpson, 1855). A, transverse section through cerebral ring, showing cephalic vessels protruded into rhynchocoel (indicated by arrowheads); B, higher magnification of (A); C, putative position of compressed and flattened cephalic vessels (indicated by arrowheads); D higher magnification of (C). A, B, paraneotype (ZIHU-1356); C, D, paraneotype (USNM-1136675). Abbreviations: BR, brain; OE, oesophagus; PR, proboscis; RC, rhynchocoel. Scale bars: A = 50 Mm; B = 20 Mm; C = 30 Mm; D = 10 Mm.

Figure 10 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence

Figure 10. Diplomma bothwellae comb. nov. (formerly Poseidonemertes bothwellae Gibson, 1982). Holotype (AM W.5890). Transverse section through the pylorus (PY) and intestinal caecum (IC); arrows indicate dorsoventral muscle fibres running lateral to the lateral nerve cord (LN). Scale bar = 100 Mm.

Figure 8 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence

Figure 8. Diplomma albimarginata comb. nov. (formerly Paramphiporus albimarginatus Kirsteuer, 1965). Syntype (AMNH 277). A, transverse section showing anterior portion of unpaired intestinal caecum (arrowed) situated on one side of the pylorus (PY); B, ten sections posterior to A, showing the intestinal caecum (arrowed) lateral and ventral to the PY; C, seven sections posterior to B, showing the PY opening to the dorsal wall of the intestine. Scale bar = 50 Mm.

Figure 5 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence

Figure 5. Diplomma albimarginata comb. nov. (formerly Paramphiporus albimarginatus Kirsteuer, 1965). Syntype (AMNH 277). Transverse section showing the proboscis nerves (arrowed). Scale bar = 50 Mm.

Figure 2 in Systematics and phylogeny of the hoplonemertean genus Diplomma (Nemertea) based on molecular and morphological evidence

Figure 2. Bayesian tree of a selected number of morphologically known distromatonemerteans using the general timereversible model with invariant sites and gamma-distributed rates based on 28S rRNA gene sequences (718 bp after alignment). Numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages from the maximum likelihood analysis (values> 50% are shown); numbers below are posterior probabilities (values> 95% are shown). Nipponnemertes bimaculata was used as the outgroup.