Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
1,551
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
1,551 results for “prey”
FIGURE 2 in Does Artificial Selection For Fixed Prey Preference Affect Learning In A Predatory Mite? Experiments To Unravel Mechanisms Underlying Polyphagy In Hypoaspis Aculeifer
FIGURE 2: Preference of T-line predators, expressed as percentages (horizontal bars) of individuals choosing prey T (0 to 100%) or prey R (0 to -100%) for four replicates and three starvation treatments: (a) – in presence of odour from prey R, (b) – in presence of odour from prey T or (c) – in absence of prey odour. Numbers shown left and right of the horizontal bars represent number of predators choosing prey R (left) or prey T (right) for each replicate experiment.
FIGURE 1 in Does Artificial Selection For Fixed Prey Preference Affect Learning In A Predatory Mite? Experiments To Unravel Mechanisms Underlying Polyphagy In Hypoaspis Aculeifer
FIGURE 1: Preference of R-line predators, expressed as percentages (horizontal bars) of individuals choosing prey T (0 to 100%) or prey R (0 to -100%) for four replicates and three starvation treatments: (a) – in presence of odour from prey R or (b) – prey T or (c) – in absence of prey odour. Numbers shown left and right of the horizontal bars represent number of predators choosing prey R (left) or prey T (right) for each replicate experiment.
FIGURE 3 in Neoseiulus Californicus (Mcgregor, 1954) Preying In Different Life Stages Of Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)
FIGURE 3: Number of eggs laid by one Neoseiulus californicus adult female per day, according to the density of Tetranychus urticae offered (original curve and trend)
FIGURE 1 in Neoseiulus Californicus (Mcgregor, 1954) Preying In Different Life Stages Of Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)
FIGURE 1: Percentage of predatory capacity of Tetranychus urticae at different life stages by larvae, nymphs, adult male and female of Neoseiulus californicus
FIGURE 2 in Neoseiulus Californicus (Mcgregor, 1954) Preying In Different Life Stages Of Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)
FIGURE 2: Number of Tetranychus urticae preyed upon by one Neoseiulus californicus female per day, according to the density offered (original and tendency curve)
FIGURE 6 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors
FIGURE 6: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean air in one arm vs odours from clean rose plants in the other (a,c) and between clean rose plants in one arm vs odours from both Phytoseiulus persimilis and Tetranychus urticae in the other (b, d). The population of Phytoseiulus persimilis used had been exposed to rose plants with T. urticae for 24h (a – b) or during 6 months (c – d). P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.
FIGURE 1 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors
FIGURE 1: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean air in one arm vs odours from clean plants in the other. a – rose plants; b –bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.
FIGURE 3 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors
FIGURE 3: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean plants in one arm vs odours from plants infested with Tetranychus urticae in the other. a – rose plants; b – bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.
FIGURE 5 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors
FIGURE 5: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Tetranychus urticae were offered a choice between odours from clean air in one arm vs odours from clean plants in the other. a – rose plants; b – bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.
FIGURE 4 in Olfactory Responses Of Phytoseiulus Persimilis To Rose Plants With Or Without Prey Or Competitors
FIGURE 4: In the Y-tube olfactometer, Phytoseiulus persimilis were offered a choice between odours from clean rose plants in one arm vs odours from both Phytoseiulus persimilis and Tetranychus urticae in the other. a – rose plants; b – bean plants; c – cucumber plants. P values of the G test for each replicate are given next to each bar; overall P values are given in Table 1.
Heat waves affect prey and predators differently via developmental plasticity: who may benefit most from global warming?
<p>Dataset of the results in the article: Heat waves affect prey and predators differently via developmental plasticity: who may benefit most from global warming? in Pest Management Science. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6722">https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.6722</a></p> <p>This research was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF).</p>
Data from: Predator performance and fitness Is dictated by herbivore prey type plus indirect effects of their host plant
<p>Animals, including herbivores and predators, use diet-mixing to balance their macro- and micronutrient intake. Recent work demonstrated that lady beetles fed only pea aphids from fava beans had reduced fitness caused by a deficiency of dietary sterols. However, beetles redressed this deficit by eating fava bean leaves. In the current study we used Coccinella septempunctata as a model to test the hypotheses that pea aphids are a poor sterol resource independent of their host plant, and that fava beans produce low quality prey regardless of aphid species. Additionally, we tested the reproductive rescue capacity of alfalfa and barley foliage compared to fava, and profiled the sterols of phloem exudates, foliage, and aphids reared on these different hosts. Beetle fecundity and egg viability was significantly better when provided pea aphids reared on alfalfa (compared to fava beans) and green peach aphids reared on fava plants. Alfalfa and barley leaves were not consumed by beetles and did not support beetle reproduction. The sterol profile of aphids largely reflected their host plant phloem. However, green peach aphids from fava acquired 125-times more sterol than pea aphids from fava. Our findings show how the sterol content of different host-plants can affect the third trophic level. Our results suggest that 1) prey quality varies depending on prey species, even when they occur on the same plant, 2) plant species can mediate prey quality, 3) host plant-mediated effects on prey quality partially drive omnivory, and 4) diet-mixing benefits growth and reproduction by redressing micronutrient deficits.</p>
More intraguild prey than pest species in arachnid diets may compromise biological control in apple orchards
<p>Understanding the full diet of natural enemies is necessary for evaluating their role as biocontrol agents, because many enemy species do not only feed on pests but also on other natural enemies. Such intraguild predation can compromise pest control if the consumed enemies are actually better for pest control than their predators. In this study, we used gut metabarcoding to quantify diets of all common arachnid species in Swedish and Spanish apple orchards. For this purpose, we designed new primers that reduce amplification of arachnid predators while retaining high amplification of all prey group. Results suggest that most arachnids consume a large range of putative pest species on apple but also a high proportion of other natural enemies, where the latter constitute almost a third of all prey sequences. Intraguild predation also varied between regions, with a larger content of heteropteran bugs in arachnid guts from Spanish orchards. There was also a tendency for cursorial spiders to have more intraguild prey in the gut than web spiders. Two groups that may be overlooked as important biocontrol agents in apple orchards seem to be theridiid web spiders and opilionids, where the latter had several small-bodied pest species in the gut. These results thus provide important guidance for what arachnid groups that should be targets of management actions, even though additional information is needed to quantify all direct and indirect interactions occurring in the complex arthropod food webs in fruit orchards.</p>
The predator activity landscape predicts the anti‐predator behavior and distribution of prey in a tundra community
<p>Predation shapes communities through consumptive and non-consumptive effects. In the latter case, prey respond to perceived predation risk through proactive or reactive risk management strategies occurring at different spatial and temporal scales. The predator-prey space race and landscape of fear concepts are useful to better understand how predation risk affects prey behavioral decisions and distribution. We assessed predation-risk effects in a terrestrial Arctic community, where the arctic fox is the main predator of ground-nesting birds. Using high frequency GPS data, we estimated a predator activity landscape corresponding to fox space use patterns, and validated with an artificial prey experiment that this predator activity landscape correlated with the predation risk landscape. We then investigated the effects of the fox activity landscape on multiple prey species, by assessing the anti-predator behavior of a main prey (snow goose) actively searched for by foxes, and the nest distribution of several incidental prey species. We first found that snow geese showed a stronger level of nest defense in areas highly used by foxes, possibly responding with a reactive strategy to variation in predation risk. Then, nests of incidental prey reproducing in habitats easily accessed by foxes had a lower probability of occurrence in areas highly used by foxes, suggesting these birds may use a proactive risk management strategy by shifting their distribution away from risky areas. For incidental prey species nesting in microhabitat refuges difficult to access by foxes, probability of nest occurrence was independent of predation risk in the surrounding area, as they avoid risk at a finer spatial scale. By tracking all individuals of the dominant predator species in our study area, we demonstrated the value of using predator space use patterns to infer spatial variation in predation risk. Overall, we highlight the diversity of risk management strategies in prey sharing a common predator, hence refining our understanding of the mechanisms driving species distribution and community structure.</p>
Predation risk estimated on live and artificial insect prey follows different patterns
<p>Models mimicking prey organisms are increasingly used in ecological studies including testing fundamental ecological and evolutionary theories. The general consensus is that predation risk estimated on artificial models may not quantitatively correspond to predation pressure on live prey, but it still can be used in various comparisons. We tested whether the use of live and artificial prey reveals the same patterns of variation in predation risk. We exposed live prey (blowfly larvae and puparia) and plasticine models of blowfly puparia in two boreal forest sites, both openly and in ant- and bird-exclusion treatments, and we quantified attacks by both avian and invertebrate predators. Bird attack rates were always higher on live puparia than on their plasticine models, but the magnitude of this difference declined from 8.4-fold in early summer to 2-fold in mid- and late summer. We attribute these changes to different responses to prey by experienced adult birds that dominate the bird communities in early summer versus explorative juvenile birds that are abundant later in the season. Invertebrate daily predation rates on maggots decreased from 56% in early summer to 28% in late summer, but invertebrate attacks on plasticine models showed no seasonal changes. Overall, invertebrate predation on maggots was 67-fold greater than their predation on models. Observations showed that wood ants did not attack plasticine models and did not leave on them any damage marks. Estimates based on artificial prey indicate a much greater role of bird predation than invertebrate predation, while estimates based on live prey suggest the opposite pattern. Thus, using live and artificial prey may lead to different conclusions about relative importance of different predator groups in a locality. Moreover, for both avian and invertebrate predators, predation risk based on artificial and live prey shows different seasonal changes and may potentially demonstrate different spatial patterns.</p>
Data for: Sex matters: Predator presence induces sexual dimorphism in a monomorphic prey, from stress genes to morphological defenses
<p>Inducible defences allow prey to increase survival chances when predators are present while avoiding unnecessary costs in their absence. Many studies report considerable inter-individual variation in inducible-defence expression, yet what underlies this variation is poorly understood. A classic vertebrate example of a predator‐induced morphological defence is the increased body depth in crucian carp (<em>Carassius carassius</em>), which reduces the risk of predation from gape‐size limited predators. Here, we report that among-individual variation in morphological defence expression can be linked to sex. We documented sexual dimorphism in lakes in which crucian carp coexisted with predators, where females showed shallower relative body depths than males, but not in a predator-free lake. When exposing crucian carp from a population without predators to perceived predation risk in a laboratory environment (presence/absence of pike, <em>Esox lucius</em>), we found that males expressed significantly greater morphological defence than females, causing sexual dimorphism only in the presence of predators. We uncovered a correlative link between the sex-specific <em>inducible phenotypic </em>response and gene expression patterns in major stress-related genes (<em>POMC</em>,<em> MC3R</em>,<em> MC4R</em>). Together, our results highlight that sex-specific responses may be an important, yet underappreciated, component underlying inter-individual differences in the expression of inducible defences, even in species without pronounced sexual dimorphism. </p>
Predator-prey co-occurrence in harvest blocks
<p>Forest harvesting alters habitat, impacts wildlife, and disrupts ecosystem function. Across the boreal forest of Canada, forest harvesting affects ungulate prey species and their predators, with cascading impacts on other species, including threatened woodland caribou. We used camera and vegetation data and occupancy modeling to investigate what characteristics in and around forestry harvest blocks influenced the occupancy and co‐occurrence of primary prey (elk, moose, mule deer, white‐tailed deer) and predators (black bear, cougar, grizzly bear, wolf) in harvest blocks. Occupancy was linked to forage, the surrounding habitat and anthropogenic disturbance, and silviculture practices. Black and grizzly bear occupancy was influenced by the presence of deer, and bear–deer co‐occurrence was influenced by site‐specific silviculture practices and surrounding anthropogenic disturbance. In the context of caribou recovery, our results indicate that forestry within caribou ranges could consider site‐specific silviculture practices and landscape‐level planning to reduce use of harvest blocks by primary prey. Future caribou recovery efforts may also consider the roles of deer and bears in caribou predation risk. Our study provides the first insights into the impacts of forestry and silviculture on boreal forest predator–prey co‐occurrence and provides practical management applications to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic activities on the boreal forest ecosystem into the future.</p>
Spatiotemporal predictions of the alternative prey hypothesis: Predator habitat use during decreasing prey abundance
<p>The alternative prey hypothesis supposes that predators supported by a primary prey species will shift to consume alternative prey during a decrease in primary prey abundance. The hypothesis implies that during declines of one prey species, a predator modifies their behavior to exploit a secondary, or alternative, species. Despite occurring in many systems, the behavioral mechanisms (e.g., habitat selection) allowing predators to shift toward alternative prey during declines in the abundance of their primary prey are poorly understood. We evaluated habitat selection and use by a generalist predator with respect to two prey species during a dramatic decrease in the abundance of primary prey. Further, we evaluated how spatial variation in access to primary prey affected habitat selection and assessed similarity and overlap between habitats used by each prey species. Coyotes (<em>Canis</em> <em>latrans</em>) exhibited decreasing selection for cottontail rabbits (<em>Sylvilagus</em> spp.; primary prey) during population decreases but did not shift habitat selection toward neonate mule deer (<em>Odocoileus</em> <em>hemionus</em>; alternative prey). Use of rabbit habitat remained high even during historically low rabbit abundance, while mule deer habitat was used in proportion to its availability. Coyotes seemingly do not make large shifts in habitat selection toward alternative prey following spatial and temporal decreases in the abundance of primary prey, but instead, take advantage of habitat overlap to facilitate prey-switching behavior. Our work extends previous research conducted under the alternative prey hypothesis by explicitly evaluating the influence of habitat overlap between prey species and variation in access to prey habitat as factors affecting prey-switching behaviors in predators.</p>
Poison frog dietary preference depends on prey type and alkaloid load
<p>The ability to acquire chemical defenses through the diet has evolved across several major taxa. Chemically defended organisms may need to balance chemical defense acquisition and nutritional quality of prey items. However, these dietary preferences and potential trade-offs are rarely considered in the framework of diet-derived defenses. Poison frogs (Family Dendrobatidae) acquire defensive alkaloids from their arthropod diet of ants and mites, although their dietary preferences have never been investigated. We conducted prey preference assays with the Dyeing Poison frog (<em>Dendrobates tinctorius</em>) to test the hypothesis that alkaloid load and prey traits influence frog dietary preferences. We tested size preferences (big versus small) within each of four prey groups (ants, beetles, flies, and fly larvae) and found that frogs preferred interacting with smaller prey items of the fly and beetle groups. Frog taxonomic prey preferences were also tested as we experimentally increased their chemical defense load by feeding frogs decahydroquinoline, an alkaloid compound similar to those naturally found in their diet. Contrary to our expectations, overall preferences did not change during alkaloid consumption, as frogs across groups preferred fly larvae over other prey. Finally, we assessed the protein and lipid content of prey items and found that small ants have the highest lipid content while large fly larvae have the highest protein content. Our results suggest that consideration of toxicity and prey nutritional value are important factors in understanding the evolution of acquired chemical defenses and niche partitioning as a whole.</p>
Data for: Predator co-occurrence in alpine and Arctic tundra in relation to fluctuating prey
<p>Large carnivores influence ecosystem dynamics in multiple ways, e.g. by suppressing meso-carnivores and providing carrions for smaller scavengers. Loss of large carnivores is suggested to cause meso-carnivore increase and expansion. Moreover, competition between meso-carnivores may be modified by the presence of larger carnivores. In tundra ecosystems, the smallest meso-carnivore, the Arctic fox, has experienced regional declines, whereas its larger and competitively superior congener, the red fox, has increased, potentially due to changes in the abundance of apex predators. We explored if variation in occurrence of wolverine and golden eagle impacted the occurrence and co-occurrence of Arctic fox and red fox in relation to varying abundances of small rodents within the Scandinavian tundra. We applied multi-species occupancy models to an extensive wildlife camera dataset from 2011-2020 covering 98 sites. Daily detection/non-detection of each species per camera trap site and study period (late winter; March-May) was stacked across years and species occupancy was related to small rodent abundance while accounting for time of year and status of simulated carcass. Arctic fox was more likely to co-occur with red fox when wolverine was present, and less likely to co-occur with red fox when golden eagles were present and wolverine absent. Red foxes increased in occupancy when co-occurring with the larger predators. Arctic fox responded more strongly to small rodent abundance than red fox and co-occurred more often with the other species at carcasses when rodent abundance was low. Our findings suggest that the interspecific interactions within this tundra predator guild appear to be surprisingly intricate, driven by facets of fear of predation, interspecific mediation and facilitation, and food resource dynamics. These dynamics of intraguild interactions may dictate where and when conservation actions targeted towards the Arctic fox should be implemented.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.