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Distribution. Arid and semiarid regions of N, C & W Australia, including Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, and Edward Pellew Is. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Arid and semiarid regions of N, C & W Australia, including Tiwi, Groote Eylandt, and Edward Pellew Is.

Distribution. Recorded from two localities in Papua New Guinea, Mt Missim in Morobe Province and Trans-Fly region of Western Province; it likely has a wider distribution, and there is a third possible record (as N. timoriensis) from Daru I that requires validation. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Recorded from two localities in Papua New Guinea, Mt Missim in Morobe Province and Trans-Fly region of Western Province; it likely has a wider distribution, and there is a third possible record (as N. timoriensis) from Daru I that requires validation.

Distribution. SW Russian Far East (Ussuri region), North and South Korea, Japan including many offshore Is (Tsushima, Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kuchinoshima, Takarajima, Amami-Oshima, Kakeroma-Jima, Tokunoshima, Okinawajima, Miyakojima, Irabu, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, and Yonagunijima), C, E & S China, Taiwan and Hainan Is, N Myanmar, N Laos, N & C Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Kaitien Is), and scattered records in NC, SC & NE India (Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh); there is a record from Sakhalin I, but this requires confirmation. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. SW Russian Far East (Ussuri region), North and South Korea, Japan including many offshore Is (Tsushima, Yakushima, Tanegashima, Kuchinoshima, Takarajima, Amami-Oshima, Kakeroma-Jima, Tokunoshima, Okinawajima, Miyakojima, Irabu, Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, and Yonagunijima), C, E & S China, Taiwan and Hainan Is, N Myanmar, N Laos, N & C Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Kaitien Is), and scattered records in NC, SC & NE India (Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh); there is a record from Sakhalin I, but this requires confirmation.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola, Zambia, NE Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa; perhaps also Malawi, although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania, although its subspecific identity is uncertain. in Vespertilionidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola, Zambia, NE Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa; perhaps also Malawi, although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania, although its subspecific identity is uncertain.

Distribution. Restricted to N Australia, including Top End region (including Melville and Bathurst Is) in Northern Territory and Cape York (including Prince ofWales I) in Queensland; there are several isolated records from E Queensland on Atherton Tableland, at Cape Hillsborough, and near Blackwater. in Vespertilionidae

Distribution. Restricted to N Australia, including Top End region (including Melville and Bathurst Is) in Northern Territory and Cape York (including Prince ofWales I) in Queensland; there are several isolated records from E Queensland on Atherton Tableland, at Cape Hillsborough, and near Blackwater.

Distribution. Known only from type locality in Yavari-Ucayali interfluvial region of NE Peruvian Amazon. in Phyllostomidae

Distribution. Known only from type locality in Yavari-Ucayali interfluvial region of NE Peruvian Amazon.

Distribution. Kenyan Highlands and N Ewaso Ng'iro, W through N Kenya and also known from the Ankole region in SW Uganda. in Bovidae

Distribution. Kenyan Highlands and N Ewaso Ng'iro, W through N Kenya and also known from the Ankole region in SW Uganda.

Distribution. Punjab Region in Pakistan, restricted to the Kala Chita and Salt ranges between the Jhelum and Indusrivers. in Bovidae

Distribution. Punjab Region in Pakistan, restricted to the Kala Chita and Salt ranges between the Jhelum and Indusrivers.

Distribution. Bangweulu district, NE Zambia and the bordering region of Katanga in SE DR Congo. The range is bounded to the N by the Chambeshi and Luapula rivers, and to the S by the Muchinga Escarpment. in Bovidae

Distribution. Bangweulu district, NE Zambia and the bordering region of Katanga in SE DR Congo. The range is bounded to the N by the Chambeshi and Luapula rivers, and to the S by the Muchinga Escarpment.

Distribution. Only confirmed existing population in Termit and Tin Toumma regions of EC Niger; however, there is a recent confirmed sighting from C Mauritania and sporadic records from E Air Mountains in Niger, the Equey region in W Chad, S Algeria, Libya, and the Mali/ Mauritania border. in Bovidae

Distribution. Only confirmed existing population in Termit and Tin Toumma regions of EC Niger; however, there is a recent confirmed sighting from C Mauritania and sporadic records from E Air Mountains in Niger, the Equey region in W Chad, S Algeria, Libya, and the Mali/ Mauritania border.

Distribution. Ankole region of SW Uganda, extending to Rutshuru Plains in DR Congo and to the Akagera National Park, Rwanda. in Bovidae

Distribution. Ankole region of SW Uganda, extending to Rutshuru Plains in DR Congo and to the Akagera National Park, Rwanda.

Distribution. Coastal East Africa, from the Shebelle River in Juba region of Somalia S at least to Malindi, Kenya. The range is isolated from that of other taxa. in Bovidae

Distribution. Coastal East Africa, from the Shebelle River in Juba region of Somalia S at least to Malindi, Kenya. The range is isolated from that of other taxa.

Distribution. Found in lowland rainforest regions of W & C Africa, including S Nigeria (perhaps one population remaining that may be an intermediate form), S & C Cameroon, S Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (extinct on Bioko I), Sao Tomé and Principe Is, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, C & N DR Congo, W & C Angola (two disjunct populations). in Bovidae

Distribution. Found in lowland rainforest regions of W & C Africa, including S Nigeria (perhaps one population remaining that may be an intermediate form), S & C Cameroon, S Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (extinct on Bioko I), Sao Tomé and Principe Is, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, C & N DR Congo, W & C Angola (two disjunct populations).

Distribution. SE Senegal, extreme SW Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, NW Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, S Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, extreme S Niger, W & C Nigeria, N Cameroon, S Chad, Central African Republic, S & E Sudan, N DR Congo, lowland parts of W Ethiopia, Uganda (not extreme S), NW Kenya (Lake Turkana region). in Bovidae

Distribution. SE Senegal, extreme SW Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, NW Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, S Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, extreme S Niger, W & C Nigeria, N Cameroon, S Chad, Central African Republic, S & E Sudan, N DR Congo, lowland parts of W Ethiopia, Uganda (not extreme S), NW Kenya (Lake Turkana region).

Subspecies and Distribution. R.t.tarandusLinnaeus,1758—Norway. R.t.caribouGmelin,1788—SCanada(fromSYukontoLabradorandNewfoundland)andNWUSA(NEWashington,NIdaho&WMontana). R.t.fennicusLonnberg,1909—FinlandandNWRussia(Karelia). R.t.groenlandicusLinnaeus,1767—Alaska,NCanada,WGreenland. R.t.pearsoniLydekker,1903—NovayaZemlya(Russia). R.t.pearyiJ.A.Allen,1902—CanadianArcticIs. R. t. phylarchus Hollister, 1912 — Russian Far East (Amur region, Okhotsk area, Sakhalin, Kamchatka). R.t.platyrhynchusVrolik,1829—Svalbard(Norway). R.t.sibiricusMurray,1866—NSiberiantundra,RussianArcticIs. R. t. valentinae Flerov, 1933 — Ural Mts (Russia), Altai Mts, Mongolia. Feral Icelandic population originated from animals introduced from Norway in 1771; they have been introduced also into South Georgia Is (in 1911-1912 and 1925) and Kerguelen Is (in 1955). in Cervidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R.t.tarandusLinnaeus,1758—Norway. R.t.caribouGmelin,1788—SCanada(fromSYukontoLabradorandNewfoundland)andNWUSA(NEWashington,NIdaho&WMontana). R.t.fennicusLonnberg,1909—FinlandandNWRussia(Karelia). R.t.groenlandicusLinnaeus,1767—Alaska,NCanada,WGreenland. R.t.pearsoniLydekker,1903—NovayaZemlya(Russia). R.t.pearyiJ.A.Allen,1902—CanadianArcticIs. R. t. phylarchus Hollister, 1912 — Russian Far East (Amur region, Okhotsk area, Sakhalin, Kamchatka). R.t.platyrhynchusVrolik,1829—Svalbard(Norway). R.t.sibiricusMurray,1866—NSiberiantundra,RussianArcticIs. R. t. valentinae Flerov, 1933 — Ural Mts (Russia), Altai Mts, Mongolia. Feral Icelandic population originated from animals introduced from Norway in 1771; they have been introduced also into South Georgia Is (in 1911-1912 and 1925) and Kerguelen Is (in 1955).

Distribution. Sparse and patchy distribution in arid and semiarid regions of Australia, extending E from C Australia to Great Dividing Range in Queensland and N New South Wales. in Molossidae

Distribution. Sparse and patchy distribution in arid and semiarid regions of Australia, extending E from C Australia to Great Dividing Range in Queensland and N New South Wales.

Distribution. Widespread in Mediterranean Basin from Iberian Peninsula and associated Is E through S Europe to Balkans, Caucasus, and Middle East; in North Africa in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt as far S as S Sinai; from Middle East, range continues patchily E into regions surrounding Black and Caspian seas, including Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, SE Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan, and then finally in two isolated populations in E Nepal and N Myanmar; also Canary Is. in Molossidae

Distribution. Widespread in Mediterranean Basin from Iberian Peninsula and associated Is E through S Europe to Balkans, Caucasus, and Middle East; in North Africa in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt as far S as S Sinai; from Middle East, range continues patchily E into regions surrounding Black and Caspian seas, including Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, SE Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan, and then finally in two isolated populations in E Nepal and N Myanmar; also Canary Is.

Distribution. Five disjunct regions: Guinean and Sahelian savannas in W Africa (Guinea and Liberia E to Niger and Nigeria); White Nile valley (Sudan, South Sudan, and NE DR Congo); around Lake Victoria (Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania); a narrow strip along the E African coast between Mombasa and Dar es Salaam; and SW shore of Lake Tanganyika in NE Zambia, based on a reidentification in 2010 of two specimens in the London Natural History Museum collected in 1920. in Molossidae

Distribution. Five disjunct regions: Guinean and Sahelian savannas in W Africa (Guinea and Liberia E to Niger and Nigeria); White Nile valley (Sudan, South Sudan, and NE DR Congo); around Lake Victoria (Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania); a narrow strip along the E African coast between Mombasa and Dar es Salaam; and SW shore of Lake Tanganyika in NE Zambia, based on a reidentification in 2010 of two specimens in the London Natural History Museum collected in 1920.

Distribution. Restricted distribution in Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, C Mozambique, and extreme NE region of South Africa (Limpopo). in Nycteridae

Distribution. Restricted distribution in Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, C Mozambique, and extreme NE region of South Africa (Limpopo).