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693 results for “vocalizations”
Data from: Are vocal characteristics related to leadership patterns in mixed-species bird flocks?
What structures the organization of mixed-species bird flocks, so that some 'nuclear' species lead the flocks, and others follow? Previous research has shown that species actively listen to each other, and that leaders are gregarious; such gregarious species tend to make contact calls and hence may be vocally conspicuous. Here we investigated whether vocal characteristics are associated with leadership, using a global dataset of mixed-species flock studies and recordings from sound archives. We first asked whether leaders are different from following or occasional species in flocks in the proportion of the recordings that contain calls (n=58 flock studies, 145 species), and especially alarm calls (n=111 species). We found that leaders tended to have a higher proportion of their vocalizations that were calls than occasional species, and both leaders and following species had a significantly higher proportion of their calls rated as alarms compared to occasional species. Next, we investigated the acoustic characteristics of flock participants' calls, hypothesizing that leaders would make more calls, and have less silence on the recordings. We also hypothesized that leaders' calls would be simple acoustically, as contact calls tend to be, and thus similar to each other, as well as being detectable, in being low frequency and high bandwidth. The analysis (n=45 species, 169 recordings) found that only one of these predictions was supported: leading species were less often silent than following or occasional species. Unexpectedly, leaders' calls were less similar to each other than occasional species. The greater amount of information available and the greater variety of that information support the hypothesis that leadership in flocks is related to vocal communication. We highlight the use of sound archives to ask questions about behavioral and community ecology, while acknowledging some limitations of such studies.
Data from: Experimental inhibition of a key cellular antioxidant affects vocal communication
1.There is substantial interest of evolutionary ecologists in the proximate mechanisms that modulate vocal communication. In recent times, there has been growing interest in the role of oxidative stress as a mediator of avian song expression. 2.Here we tested whether the experimental inhibition of the synthesis of a key cellular antioxidant (glutathione) reduces song rate metrics of male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). We measured the effect of our treatment on total song rate and on its two components, undirected and nest-box oriented song, outside the breeding season. 3.Treated males that did not own a nest-box (subordinate males likely to be of lower quality) suffered increased oxidative stress relative to untreated males, while treated males that owned a nest-box (dominant males likely to be of higher quality) did not. Treated non-owners also reduced their undirected song rate, whereas treated nest-box owners did not suffer any reduction in song rate. 4.Our results revealed that inhibition of a key cellular antioxidant results in decreased vocal communication in a social vertebrate, and that this effect is dependent on its social status (nest-box owner versus non-owner). 5.This work provides support for the hypothesis that acoustic signals may honestly convey information about the individual oxidative status and capacity to regulate the oxidative balance. Our findings raise the possibility of hitherto unexplored impacts of oxidative stress on fitness traits in social species.
Data from: Accelerated redevelopment of vocal skills is preceded by lasting reorganization of the song motor circuitry
Complex motor skills take considerable time and practice to learn. Without continued practice the level of skill performance quickly degrades, posing a problem for the timely utilization of skilled motor behaviors. Here we quantified the recurring development of vocal motor skills and the accompanying changes in synaptic connectivity in the brain of a songbird, while manipulating skill performance by consecutively administrating and withdrawing testosterone. We demonstrate that a songbird with prior singing experience can significantly accelerate the re-acquisition of vocal performance. We further demonstrate that an increase in vocal performance is accompanied by a pronounced synaptic pruning in the forebrain vocal motor area HVC, a reduction that is not reversed when birds stop singing. These results provide evidence that lasting synaptic changes in the motor circuitry are associated with the savings of motor skills, enabling a rapid recovery of motor performance under environmental time constraints.
Data from: Decoding of baby calls: can adult humans identify the eliciting situation from emotional vocalizations of preverbal infants?
Preverbal infants often vocalize in emotionally loaded situations, yet the communicative potential of these vocalizations is not well understood. The aim of our study was to assess how accurately adult listeners extract information about the eliciting situation from infant preverbal vocalizations. Vocalizations of 19 infants aged 5-10 months were recorded in 3 negative (Pain, Isolation, Demand for Food) and 3 positive (Play, Reunion, After Feeding) situations. The recordings were later rated by 333 adult listeners on the scales of emotional valence and intensity. Subsequently, the listeners assigned the eliciting situations in a forced choice task. Listeners were almost perfectly able to discriminate whether a recording came from a negative or a positive situation. Their discrimination may have been based on perceived valence as they consistently assigned higher valence when listening to positive, and lower valence when listening to negative, recordings. Ability to identify the particular situation within the negative or positive realm was substantially weaker, with only three of the six situations being discriminated above chance. The best discriminated situation, Play, was associated with high perceived intensity. The weak qualitative discrimination of negative situations seemed to be based on graded perception of negative recordings, from the most intense and unpleasant (assigned to Pain) to the least intense and least unpleasant (assigned to Demand for Food). Parenthood and younger age, but not gender of listeners, had weak positive effects on the accuracy of judgments. Our results indicate that adults almost flawlessly distinguish positive and negative infant sounds, but are rather inaccurate regarding identification of the specific needs of the infant and may normally employ other sensory channels to gain this information.
Data from: Vocal plasticity in mallards: multiple signal changes in noise and the evolution of the Lombard effect in birds
Signal plasticity is a building block of complex animal communication systems. A particular form of signal plasticity is the Lombard effect, in which a signaler increases its vocal amplitude in response to an increase in the background noise. The Lombard effect is a basic mechanism for communication in noise that is well-studied in human speech and which has also been reported in other mammals and several bird species. Sometimes, but not always, the Lombard effect is accompanied by additional changes in signal parameters. However, the evolution of the Lombard effect and other related vocal adjustments in birds are still unclear because so far only three major avian clades have been studied. We report the first evidence for the Lombard effect in an anseriform bird, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). In association with the Lombard effect, the fifteen ducklings in our experiment also increased the peak frequency of their calls in noise. However, they did not change the duration of call syllables or their call rates as has been found in other bird species. Our findings support the notion that all extant birds use the Lombard effect to solve the common problem of maintaining communication in noise, i.e. it is an ancestral trait shared among all living avian taxa, which means that it has evolved more than 70 million years ago within that group. At the same time, our data suggest that parameter changes associated with the Lombard effect follow more complex patterns, with marked differences between taxa, some of which might be related to proximate constraints..
Data from: Sexual selection on male vocal fundamental frequency in humans and other anthropoids
In many primates, including humans, the vocalizations of males and females differ dramatically, with male vocalizations and vocal anatomy often seeming to exaggerate apparent body size. These traits may be favoured by sexual selection because low-frequency male vocalizations intimidate rivals and/or attract females, but this hypothesis has not been systematically tested across primates, nor is it clear why competitors and potential mates should attend to vocalization frequencies. Here we show across anthropoids that sexual dimorphism in fundamental frequency (F0) increased during evolutionary transitions towards polygyny, and decreased during transitions towards monogamy. Surprisingly, humans exhibit greater F0 sexual dimorphism than any other ape. We also show that low-F0 vocalizations predict perceptions of men's dominance and attractiveness, and predict hormone profiles (low cortisol and high testosterone) related to immune function. These results suggest that low male F0 signals condition to competitors and mates, and evolved in male anthropoids in response to the intensity of mating competition.
Data from: Booming far: the long-range vocal strategy of a lekking bird
The pressures of selection acting on transmission of information by acoustic signals are particularly high in long-distance communication networks. Males of the North African houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata undulata) produce extremely low-frequency vocalizations called 'booms' as a component of their courtship displays. These displays are performed on sites separated by a distance of on average 550 m, constituting exploded leks. Here, we investigate the acoustic features of booms involved in species-specific identity. We first assessed the modifications of acoustic parameters during boom transmission at long range within the natural habitat of the species, finding that the frequency content of booms was reliably transmitted up to 600 m. Additionally, by testing males' behavioural responses to playbacks of modified signals, we found that the presence of the second harmonic and the frequency modulation are the key parameters for species identification, and also that a sequence of booms elicited stronger responses than a single boom. Thus, the coding-decoding process relies on redundant and propagation-resistant features, making the booms particularly well adapted for the long-range transmission of information between males. Moreover, by experimentally disentangling the presentation of visual and acoustic signals, we showed that during the booming phase of courtship, the two sensory modalities act in synergy. The acoustic component is dominant in the context of intra-sexual competition. While the visual component is not necessary to induce agonistic response, it acts as an amplifier and reduces the time of detection of the signaller. The utilization of these adaptive strategies allows houbara males to maximize the active space of vocalizations emitted in exploded leks.
Data from: Diurnal variation in the production of vocal information about food supports a model of social adjustment in wild songbirds
Wintering songbirds have been widely shown to make economic foraging decisions to manage the changing balance of risks from predation and starvation over the course of the day. In this study, we ask whether the communication and use of information about food availability differ throughout the day. First, we assessed temporal variation in food-related vocal information produced in foraging flocks of tits (Paridae) using audio recordings at RFID-equipped feeding stations. Vocal activity was highest in the morning and decreased into the afternoon. This pattern was not explained by there being fewer birds present, as we found that group sizes increased over the course of the day. Next, we experimentally tested the underlying causes for this diurnal calling pattern. We set up bird feeders with or without playback of calls from tits, either in the morning or in the afternoon, and compared latency to feeder discovery, accumulation of flock members, and total number of birds visiting the feeder. Irrespective of time of day, playbacks had a strong effect on all three response measures when compared to silent control trials, demonstrating that tits will readily use vocal information to improve food detection throughout the day. Thus, the diurnal pattern of foraging behaviour did not appear to affect use and production of food-related vocalizations. Instead, we suggest that, as the day progresses and foraging group sizes increase, the costs of producing calls at the food source (e.g. competition and attraction of predators) outweigh the benefits of recruiting group members (i.e. adding individuals to large groups only marginally increases safety in numbers), causing the observed decrease in vocal activity into the afternoon. Our findings imply that individuals make economic social adjustments based on conditions of their social environment when deciding to vocally recruit group members.
FIGURE 8 in Larval morphology and complex vocal repertoire of Rhacophorus helenae (Anura: Rhacophoridae), a rare flying frog from Vietnam
FIGURE 8. Waveform (A) and spectrogram (B) of a natural call series of Rhacophorus helenae.
FIGURE 7 in Larval morphology and complex vocal repertoire of Rhacophorus helenae (Anura: Rhacophoridae), a rare flying frog from Vietnam
FIGURE 7. Proportions (%) of different calls types in the vocalization of Rhacophorus helenae.
A dataset for automatic vocal mode classification
<p>A dataset for automatic vocal mode classification with vocal modes as introduced by the complete vocal technique (CVT). Data was recorded at the institute for information processing and consists of around 3700 unique productions of sustained vowels. Each production was recorded by up to four microphones, yielding more than 13000 samples in total. For each sample, an annotation, created by three cvt-experienced singers, is provided. For a detailed description, read the readme.txt, which also explains precisely the naming convention and other details.</p> <p>The dataset contains a few samples that did not show a proper vocal "oscillation" in the folder "ExcludedSamples". They are not part of the actual vocal mode dataset, but were included to perhaps help other research in the future, e.g., to detect singing issues.</p>
MarmAudio: A large annotated dataset of vocalizations by common marmosets
<p>We present here MarmAudio, a database of common marmoset vocalizations, which were continuously recorded with a sampling rate of 96 kHz from a stabulation room housing simultaneously ~20 marmosets in three cages. The dataset comprises more than 800,000 files, amounting to 253 hours of data collected over 40 months. Each recording lasts a few seconds and captures the marmosets' social vocalizations, encompassing their entire known vocal repertoire during the experimental period. Around 215,000 calls are annotated with the vocalization type. We validated our dataset by sampling 700 representative recordings and cross-examining them with four experts.</p>
Supplementary file 3; A video clip, recorded on an iPhone, showing the male lion Shanto in the enclosure, after just being released from the indoor enclosure exhibiting territorial vocalizations
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Evolution of vocal performance and song complexity in island birds
<p>Oceanic islands share distinctive characteristics thought to underlie a set of parallel evolutionary trends across islands and taxonomic groups – including life history traits, morphology and visual signals. To which extent acoustic signals also change in parallel on islands is less clear. Some important processes associated with insularity, such as founder effects and reduced sexual selection, could lead to a decrease in vocal performance and song complexity on islands. In a field-based study, we recorded 11 insular species and their closest mainland relatives. Out of the 11 species pairs, 6 live in the tropics (São Tomé / Mount Cameroon), and 5 in the temperate region (Madeira / southern France). For each species we measured two proxies of vocal performance (song duration and syllable rate) and one proxy of song complexity (syllable diversity). This study did not recover a clear relationship between the island environment and song traits. If as expected, syllable rate was lower in island species than in their mainland counterparts, the two other proxies showed no clear island-mainland pattern of divergence. Several factors may explain the absence of reduction for song duration and syllable diversity. Among those, relaxation of interspecific competition on islands may have led to an increase in syllable diversity, or correlations between song variables may have constrained song evolution. More studies on island species are needed to draw a better picture of divergence patterns and go beyond the confounding ecological factors that could explain peculiar song characteristics in islands.</p>
THE ROLE OF TEXT IN VOCAL PERFORMANCE
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ESC-50-Voice: Dataset of vocal imitation for environmental sound in ESC-50
<h2><strong>Description</strong></h2> <p>This is a dataset with vocal imitation, which involve the process of replicating or mimicking the rhythm and pitch of sounds by voice for an environmental sound in ESC-50 [1] that can be used in various tasks that use environmental sounds. The dataset consists of 9,920 vocal imitations (8 imitators per environmental sound). Each imitator is a Japanese speaker. All audio data are 48kHz/16bit wav files. </p> <p>Each audio file is named as follows:</p> <pre><code>vocal_imitation/SpeakerID/FileName_SpeakerID.wav</code></pre> <p>FileName means the original audio file name in ESC-50. SpaekerID means the ID of the imitator. We recorded vocal imitations for a part of sound events in ESC-50. A list of the sound events used can be obtained from EventList.csv.</p> <p>Note that this dataset does not contain environmental sound files, which can be obtained from ESC-50. Environmental sounds in ESC-50 are available <a href="https://github.com/karolpiczak/ESC-50">here</a>.</p> <h2><strong>Terms of use</strong></h2> <p>The materials may be used free of charge for research purposes, but please refrain from redistribution or use that is offensive to public order and morals. If you want to use for commercial purposes, please contact us (Yuki Okamoto or Keisuke Imoto).</p> <h2><strong>Citation</strong></h2> <p>If you use this dataset, please cite as follow:</p> <p>Yuki Okamoto, Keisuke Imoto, Shinnosuke Takamichi, Ryotaro Nagase, Takahiro Fukumori, and Yoichi Yamashita, "Environmental Sound Synthesis from Vocal Imitations and Sound Event Labels," Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 411-415, 2024.</p> <h2><strong>Feedback</strong></h2> <p>If there is any problem, please contact us</p> <ul> <li>Yuki Okamoto, <a href="mailto:y-okamoto@ieee.org">y-okamoto@ieee.org</a></li> <li>Keisuke Imoto, <a href="mailto:keisuke.imoto@ieee.org">keisuke.imoto@ieee.org</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>[1] K. J. Piczak, "Esc: Dataset for environmental sound classification,” in Proc. the 23rd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 2015, p. 1015–1018.</p>
Fig. 10 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 10 Spectrograms of chatter calls of pure P. p. leucoptera, pure P. p. jankowskii, and hybrids. a leucoptera, pair #4, Choibalsan, eastern Mongolia. b jankowskii, pair #6, Vladivostok, Russian Far East. c, d Bilingual hybrid, the same bird from the pair #24, Kerulen, eastern Mongolia. e Hybrid with mixed call, pair #39, Kerulen. f Presumably hybrid with mixed call, pair #5, Kerulen. X-axis—time in s; Y-axis—frequency in kHz
Fig. 8 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 8 Genetic structure of the contact zone and its vicinities by mtDNA and SNPs. Above—distribution of haplotypes of mitochondrial CR along conditional population numbers I–VI depicted in Fig. 3. Green—western haplotype; red—eastern haplotype. Below— graphical representation of individual contributions from nuclear
Fig. 3 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 3 Map of sampling localities for nuclear SNP analysis. Distribution of genotypes of nuclear SNPs revealed by ddRAD analysis are shown with blue circles for Pica pica leucoptera and red circles for Pica pica jankowskii. Bi-colored circles mean mixed (hybrid) genotype: portion of blue/red corresponds to probability of it belonging to one of the groups, as revealed in the Structure analysis. Numbers
Fig. 1 in Introgression at the emerging secondary contact zone of magpie Pica pica subspecies (Aves: Corvidae): integrating data on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, vocalizations, and field observations
Fig. 1 Map of Pica pica s.l. subspecies. The study area in the contact zone is indicated by a rectangle. Question marks indicate regions of unclear subspecies distribution. The white star indicates the terra typica for Pica pica anderssoni in eastern China
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.