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FIGURES 1–7 in Taxonomy and valve ultrastructure of new and interesting freshwater fossil diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of Miocene age from the Espanola Formation of New Mexico, U.S.A. II. Description of a New Grunowia species with comments on the genus

FIGURES 1–7. Grunowia mannii Kociolek & Danz sp. nov. LM. Size diminution series. Fig. 1 represents an initial valve. The holotype is presented in fig. 4. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 8–11 in Taxonomy and valve ultrastructure of new and interesting freshwater fossil diatoms (Bacillariophyta) of Miocene age from the Espanola Formation of New Mexico, U.S.A. II. Description of a New Grunowia species with comments on the genus

FIGURES 8–11. Grunowia mannii Kociolek & Danz sp. nov. SEM of valve exterior. 8, 9. Valve view showing characteristic shape and distinctly-elevated, raphe-bearing keel. 10. Apex of the valve showing raphe end extending onto the mantle. 11. Central portion of the valve, with raphe branches interrupted. Scale bars = 5 µm (Figs 8, 9), 3 µm (Fig. 10), 2 µm (Fig. 11).

Figure 2 in New fossil wasp species from the earliest Eocene Fur Formation has its closest relatives in late Eocene ambers (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pherhombinae)

Figure 2. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of combined morphological and molecular dataset, including RoguePlot showing probability of placement of Pherhombus parvulus n. sp. Branch colours represent posterior probabilities of attachment of the fossil to a particular branch, and support values next to nodes indicate posterior probabilities. The three-letter code in front of the taxon names denotes subfamily affiliation as follows: ACA Acaenitinae, ANO Anomaloninae, BAN Banchinae, BRA Brachycyrtinae, CAM Campopleginae, COL Collyriinae, CRE Cremastinae, CRY Cryptinae, CTE Ctenopelmatinae, CYL Cylloceriinae, DIA Diacritinae, DIP Diplazontinae, EUC Eucerotinae, HYB Hybrizontinae, ICH Ichneumoninae, LAB Labeninae, LYC Lycorininae, MES Mesochorinae, MET Metopiinae, OPH Ophioninae, ORP Orthopelmatinae, ORT Orthocentrinae, PHY Phygadeuontinae, PHE Pherhombinae, PIM Pimplinae, POE Poemeniinae, RHY Rhyssinae, TER Tersilochinae, TOW Townesitinae, TRY Tryphoninae, XOR Xoridinae.

Figure 1 in New fossil wasp species from the earliest Eocene Fur Formation has its closest relatives in late Eocene ambers (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pherhombinae)

Figure 1. Wings of representatives of two candidate subfamilies (a, b) and of the new fossil species (c), combined with morphometric analysis of potential placements. (a) Wing venation of Astiphromma albitarse (Brischke), including vein names as used in this study; (b) wing venation of Pherhombus antennalis Kasparyan; (c) wing venation of Pherhombus parvulus n. sp. as reconstructed; (d) scatterplotof two measurement ratios, forewing veins 1-M+1-Rs / r-rs and hindwing veins 1-Rs / rs-m. The new fossil species groups together with Pherhombinae.

Figure 3 in New fossil wasp species from the earliest Eocene Fur Formation has its closest relatives in late Eocene ambers (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pherhombinae)

Figure 3. Pherhombus parvulus (holotype), microscope image of part 10652_A (left); interpretative drawing based on part and counterpart (right; a photograph of the counterpart is provided as Supplementary File S4). Solid lines imply a high certainty of interpretations, while dotted lines indicate interpolations or uncertain interpretations. Hindwings are shown in green to improve clarity. Differences in line width are used to visualise small structures and do not imply varying certainty. The scale bar indicates 1 mm.

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FIGURE 10. Extant Clavatulidae species. A in The Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations on fossil and extant Clavatulidae genera

FIGURE 10. Extant Clavatulidae species. A. 'Clavatula' caerulea (Weinkauff in Weinkauff & Kobelt, 1875), MNHN-IM2009-19153, Libreville (Gabon). B. 'Clavatula' pyramidata (Kiener, 1839), MNHN-IM-2009-24982, Baie de Pointe-Noire (Republique du Congo). C. 'Clavatula' tripartita (Weinkauff, 1876), MNHN-IM-2009-14826, Cap Sainte Marie (Madagascar). D. 'Clavatula' tripartita (Weinkauff, 1876), MNHN-IM-2009-14985, Cap Sainte Marie (Madagascar). E. 'Clavatula' taxea (Röding, 1798), MNHN-IM-2009-14901, Fort-Dauphin (Madagascar). F. Pusionella aculeiformis (Lamarck, 1816), NHMW3051, Senegal. G. Pusionella buccinata (Lamarck, 1822); NHMW3052. Specimens A–E have been used for molecular analysis by Nicolas Puillandre (unpublished data).

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FIGURE 9. Extant Clavatulidae species. A in The Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations on fossil and extant Clavatulidae genera

FIGURE 9. Extant Clavatulidae species. A. Clavatula rubrifasciata (Reeve, 1845), Gonçalo Rosa, Atoll Specimen Shells (Senegal). B. Clavatula rubrifasciata (Reeve, 1845), NHMW 10203, Gorée (Senegal). C. 'Clavatula' mystica (Reeve, 1843), MNHN-IM-2013-59897, Est de l'ile de Gorée (Senegal). D. 'Clavatula' mystica (Reeve, 1843), Gonçalo Rosa, Atoll Specimen Shells (Senegal). E. 'Clavatula' bimarginata (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN-IM-2013-43369, Dakar (Senegal). F. 'Clavatula' bimarginata (Lamarck, 1822), NHMW 2042, Gorée (Senegal). G. 'Clavatula' diadema (Kiener, 1839), NHMW 1884/0010/0023, Gorée (Senegal). Specimens C and E have been used for molecular analysis by Nicolas Puillandre (unpublished data).

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FIGURE 8. Extant Clavatulidae species. A in The Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations on fossil and extant Clavatulidae genera

FIGURE 8. Extant Clavatulidae species. A. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), NHMW 1683 6/28, West Africa; B. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), MNHN-IM-2009-24970, Ile de Principe (São Tomé et Principe). C. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798) (labelled as Clavatula muricata (Lamarck, 1822)), MNHN-IM-2009-24979, Baie de Pointe-Noire (Republique du Congo). D. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), Gonçalo Rosa, Atoll Specimen Shells (Senegal). E. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798) (NHMD230855), paralectotype, Western Africa. F. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), NHMD-916083, lectotype, Western Africa. G. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), NHMD-230855, paralectotype, Western Africa; labels of the type material from the Natural History Museum of Denmark. H. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), NHMD-90802, paralectotype, Guinea. Specimens B and C have been used for molecular analysis by Nicolas Puillandre (unpublished data).

FIGURE 3 in Two new fossil species of soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Malthininae) from Baltic amber

FIGURE 3. Malthodes (Malthodes) markpankowskii sp. nov. A: Holotype, habitus, dorsal view, scale bar = 0.5 mm. B: Holotype, habitus, detail of metasternum, scale bar = 0.2 mm. C: Holotype, habitus, ventral view, scale bar = 1.0 mm. D: Holotype, habitus, ventral view (detail), scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Two new fossil species of soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Malthininae) from Baltic amber

FIGURE 2. Malthinus (Malthinus) masoni sp. nov. A: Holotype, habitus, ventral view, scale bar = 1.0 mm. B: Holotype, habitus, ventral view (detail), scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Two new fossil species of soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Malthininae) from Baltic amber

FIGURE 1. Malthinus (Malthinus) masoni sp. nov. A: Holotype, habitus, dorsal view, scale bar = 1.0 mm. B: Holotype, habitus, dorsal view (detail), scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Two new fossil species of soldier beetles (Coleoptera, Cantharidae, Malthininae) from Baltic amber

FIGURE 4. Malthodes (Malthodes) markpankowskii sp. nov. A: Holotype, habitus, detail of last abdominal segments (ventral view), scale bar = 0.1 mm. B: Reconstruction of last abdominal segments, scale bar = 0.1 mm. Illustration by Dr. Carly Tribull.

FIGURE 179 in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURE 179. Scatterplot of the valve length vs valve width showcasing the differences between A. brunii (circles) and A. gibba sp. nov. (squares) as observed in populations of samples that we collected.

FIGURES 158–178. Afrocymbella muellerii, A. kociolekii, A in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURES 158–178. Afrocymbella muellerii, A. kociolekii, A. rossii, and A. tanganyikae, LM valve views. 158–162. Afrocymbella muellerii, observed in samples from Chituta and Isanga Bays. 163–169. Afrocymbella kociolekii, observed in samples from Kande Beach and Mpulungu, Chituta, Nkhata Bays. 170–174. Afrocymbella rossii, observed in samples from Kande Beach, Nkhata Bay, and Mangochi. 175–177. Afrocymbella tanganyikae, observed in core NPO4-KH1-1K from Lake Tanganyika. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 140–143 in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURES 140–143. Afrocymbella gibba sp. nov., SEM internal valve views. 140. View of the whole valve. 141. Detail of mid-valve showing proximal raphe ends covered by flap-like silica development and antler-like intermissio stigmoid. 142. Distal raphe fissures slightly raised into small helictoglossae. 143. Close view of distal raphe terminal fissure and APF with knobby jointed ridge of silica. Scale bars = 20 μm (Fig. 140), 2 μm (Figs 141–143).

FIGURES 136–139 in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURES 136–139. Afrocymbella gibba sp. nov., SEM external valve views. 136. View of the whole valve showing raphe structure, slit-like areolae, and APF on footpole. 137. Detail footpole showing striae structure and distal raphe terminal fissure. 138. Detail of valve apex showing the slit-like areolae and APF of round poroids. 139. Detail of mid-valve showing dorsally deflected proximal raphe ends and slightly elongated stigmoid on the dorsal side of the large diamond-shaped central nodule. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 136), 5 μm (Fig. 139), 2 μm (Figs 137–138).

FIGURES 116–135 in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURES 116–135. Afrocymbella gibba sp. nov., LM valve views. Figs 116–120, 122, 124–127. Valves from the type material. Fig. 120. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 84–86 in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURES 84–86. Afrocymbella delphinea sp. nov., SEM internal valve views. 84. View of the whole valve showing raphe structure and areolae without velum. 85. Detail of mid-valve showing proximal raphe ends covered by flap-like silica development and antler-like intermissio stigmoid. 86. Close view of distal raphe terminal fissure and APF with knobby jointed ridge of silica. Scale bars = 5 μm (Fig. 84), 2 μm (Figs 85–86).

FIGURES 87–108 in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURES 87–108. Afrocymbella cocquytiana sp. nov., LM valve views. All valves from the type material. Fig. 93. Holotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 81–83 in The genus Afrocymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, with description of new fossil and extant species

FIGURES 81–83. Afrocymbella delphinea sp. nov., SEM external valve views. 81. View of the whole valve showing raphe structure, and striae continue uninterrupted onto valve mantle. 82. Close view of the mid-valve showing dorsally deflected proximal raphe ends and slightly round to slightly elongated single stigmoid on the dorsal side of slightly elongated central nodule. 83. Detail of valve apex showing the slit-like areolae and APF of round poroids. Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 81), 2 μm (Figs 82, 83).