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FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 72–82. Chaetoceros circinalis, Chaetoceros constrictus. Figs 72–73, 79, 81: LM. Figs 74–75, 77–78, 80, 82: SEM. Fig 76: TEM. Figs 72–78 Chaetoceros circinalis culture material, strain PMFG4. 72) A complete chain and a single cell showing the curvature of the setae. 73) Valve view of a cell showing the characteristic curvature of the setae. 74) Two sibling valves with partially fused hyaline rim at the aperture edge (arrows). 75) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process and short capilli on the valve surface. 76) Terminal valve with wide flattened tube-like rimoportula process. 77) Detail of proximal part of intercalary setae showing elongated poroids (arrow). 78) Detail of a seta. Figs 79–82 Chaetoceros constrictus field material. 79) Short chain showing orientation of the setae. 80) Detail of a seta. 81) Intercalary cells in girdle view showing the distinct constrictions near the mantle margin (arrows). 82) Terminal cell showing external flattened tube of the rimoportula, the small spines covering the valve surface and longitudinal groove near the mantle edge. Scale bars: 79=20 μm; 72–73, 81–82=10 μm; 74–78, 80=1 μm.

FIGURES 183–194. Chaetoceros vixvisibilis field material. Figs 183–185, 191–192 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 183–194. Chaetoceros vixvisibilis field material. Figs 183–185, 191–192: LM. Figs 186–189, 193: TEM. Figs 190, 194: SEM. 183) Middle part of a chain with broken setae. 184, 185) Intercalary cells with the narrow aperture. 186) Intercalary valve showing valve ornamentation with central annulus and ends of costae twisted in small spirals. 187) Detail of terminal valve with central annulus and rimoportula. 188) Detail of the girdle. 189, 190) Details of setae, note the absence of spines. 191, 192) Resting spores within parent cells with different number of dichotomously branched spines. 193) Resting spore with two branched spines. 194) Open resting spore, secondary valve has a single ring of puncta on the advalvar margin (arrow). Scale bars: 183=20 μm, 184–185, 191–192=10 μm; 186, 193–194=2 μm; 187–190=1 μm.

FIGURES 173–182. Chaetoceros tortissimus. Figs 174–175, 178 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 173–182. Chaetoceros tortissimus. Figs 174–175, 178: field material. Figs 173, 176–177, 179–182: culture material, strain PMFT1. Figs 173–176: LM. Figs 177–178, 181–182: TEM. Figs: 179–180: SEM. 173) Complete chain with a slight torsion showing orientation of the setae. 174) Complete chain composed of cells with short pervalvar size strongly twisted around the chain axis. 175) Middle part of a chain showing hexagonal apertures. 176) Intercalary cells with one parietal plate-like chloroplast positioned around the girdle. 177) Detail of the valve face with network of costae some ending in round spots (arrow). 178) Two overlapping sibling valves showing the valve ornamentation and the elongated pores near the bases of the setae (arrows). 179) Sibling valves with the elongated pores (arrows). 180) Detail of the proximal part of the seta with the large elongated pore. 181) Detail of the girdle band. 182) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 173–175=20 μm; 176=10 μm; 178, 179=5 μm; 177=2 μm; 180–182=0.5 μm.

FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm.

FIGURES 154–161 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 154–161. Chaetoceros messanensis, Chaetoceros protuberans, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus. Figs 154–157, 160–161: LM. Figs 158–159: SEM. Figs 154–155: Chaetoceros messanensis field material. 154) Complete chain with special forked intercalary setae. 155) Terminal part of the chain showing wide, hexagonal apertures and different orientation of the two terminal setae. Figs 156– 159: Chaetoceros protuberans field material. 156) Terminal part of a chain. 157) Sibling valves. 158) Sibling valves, note the poroids perforating the valve surface. 159) Detail of a seta. Figs 160–161: Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus field material. 160) Middle part of the chain showing orientation of the setae. 161) Intercalary cells showing the short distinctive aperture (arrow). Scale bars: 154–156, 160=20 μm; 157, 161=10 μm; 158=5 μm; 159=0.5 μm.

FIGURES 142–153. Chaetoceros lauderi culture material, strain PMFL1. Figs 142–143, 151 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 142–153. Chaetoceros lauderi culture material, strain PMFL1. Figs 142–143, 151: LM. Figs 144–146, 148, 150: TEM. Figs 147, 149, 152–153: SEM. 142) Complete chain showing setae orientation. 143) Intercalary cells with numerous chloroplasts. 144) Two overlapped sibling valves showing valve ornamentation. 145) Detail of the valve with central annulus and anastomosing ribs. 146) Terminal valve with slit-like rimoportula (arrow). Note the parallel ribs on the valve mantle. 147) Terminal valve with external flattened tube of the rimoportula. Note the low hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 148) Detail of the terminal valve with the slit-like rimoportula. 149) Detail of a seta. 150) Detail of the girdle band. 151) Resting spore. Note the single ring of puncta on the advalvar margin of the secondary valve mantle (arrow). 152) Primary valve of the resting spore. 153) Secondary valve of the resting spore with the single ring of puncta on the advalvar mantle margin. Scale bars: 142=50 μm; 143=20 μm; 151–153=10 μm; 144, 146–147=5 μm; 145, 148–150=1 μm.

FIGURES 33–41. Chaetoceros rostratus. Figs 33, 38–41 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 33–41. Chaetoceros rostratus. Figs 33, 38–41: culture material, strain PMFR4. Figs 34–37: field material. Figs 33–35: LM. Figs 36–38: SEM. Figs 39–41: TEM. 33) A chain. 34) Terminal part of a chain. Note the absence of the linking spine in the terminal valve (arrow). 35) Two intercalary cells showing the presence of chloroplasts in cell body and setae. 36) Intercalary sibling valves connected with the linking spine and visible tube-like processes of rimoportulae (arrows). 37) Internal view of the intercalary valve showing the conical hole of the linking spine and the slit-like eccentric rimoportula (arrow). 38) Detail of a seta. 39) External view of the terminal valve showing the small tube-like eccentric process (arrow) and the fine structure of the valve face, mantle and bases of the setae. 40) Detail of a seta showing the ornamentation of the side wall with larger poroids on either side of the poroid rows (arrows). 41) Tetragonal cross section of the seta. Scale bars: 33, 34=20 μm; 35=10 μm; 36, 37=5 μm; 39 = 2 μm; 38, 40, 41=1 μm.

FIGURES 63–71. Chaetoceros brevis. Figs 63–64, 67–71 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 63–71. Chaetoceros brevis. Figs 63–64, 67–71: culture material, strain PMFB1. Figs 65–66: field material. Figs 63–65: LM. Figs 66, 68: SEM. Figs 67, 69–71: TEM. 63) A complete chain. 64) Middle part of a chain showing single plate-like chloroplasts and peanut-shaped apertures. 65) Terminal part of a chain with plastid-like material within the setae. 66) Resting spore still covered with the remains of the girdle bands from the parent cell. Primary valve ornamented with numerous thin filamentous spines. 67) Detail of the valve with externally flattened tube of the rimoportula. 68) Internal view of the terminal valve showing the slit-shaped rimoportula (arrow) and silica projections extending from the marginal ridge (arrowheads). 69) Intercalary valve face showing central annulus and radially arranged parallel costae. Note the darker area in the central part of the valve. 70) Part of a girdle with bands ornamented with transverse costae. Note the connecting band with marked undulation. 71) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 63= 20 μm; 64–65=10 μm; 66, 68–69=5 μm; 67, 70–71=1 μm.

FIGURE 6 in Description of a new marine planktonic cyanobacterial species Synechococcus moorigangaii (Order Chroococcales) from Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem

FIGURE 6. (A) Growth of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. in presence of different nitrogen sources; (B) Chlorophyll a concentration of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. in presence of different nitrogen sources; (C) Growth of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. in presence of different concentrations of nitrate; (D) Chlorophyll a concentration of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. in presence of different concentrations of nitrate.

FIGURE 5 in Description of a new marine planktonic cyanobacterial species Synechococcus moorigangaii (Order Chroococcales) from Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem

FIGURE 5. (A) Growth rate of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. at salinity 15; (B) Chlorophyll concentration of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. at salinity 15; (C) Salinity tolerance of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. measured by optical density in presence of salinity 0–40; (D) Chlorophyll a concentration of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. in presence of salinity 0–40.

FIGURE 2 in Description of a new marine planktonic cyanobacterial species Synechococcus moorigangaii (Order Chroococcales) from Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem

FIGURE 2. FESEM micrographs of isolate CMS01; (A) Single dividing cell; (B and C) Short chain filament; (D) Clusters of short chains.

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new marine planktonic cyanobacterial species Synechococcus moorigangaii (Order Chroococcales) from Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem

FIGURE 1. (A and B) Light micrographs of CMS01; (C) Differential interference contrast micrograph of isolate CMS01; (D) Autofluorescence micrograph of CMS01.

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new marine planktonic cyanobacterial species Synechococcus moorigangaii (Order Chroococcales) from Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree (NJ/ML) of partial 16S rRNA sequences using GTR as a substitution model of deduced 1028 nucleotide long alignment representing 66 sequences including one sequence of Synechococcus moorigangaii sp. nov. (CMS01) generated in this study. Bootstrap values for nodes>50% are shown in the tree. The 16S rRNA sequences of cyanobacterium, Gloeobacter kilaueensis (Acc. no. NR_121746) and Gloeobacter violaceus (Acc. no. FR798924) were chosen as out group.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Seasonal plankton δ13C and δ15N in the Subantarctic

This dataset comprises measurements of δ13C and δ15N for both SPM and mesozooplankton collected within the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, particularly from the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) and the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ). The collection was conducted aboard the MV S.A. Agulhas II during two autumn cruises in April-May of 2016 and 2017, and during two winter cruises in July-August 2015 and June-July 2017, as well as aboard the MV Akademik Treshnikov during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE) in early summer of December 2016. Mesozooplankton data are available only for the two autumn seasons and the summer of 2016.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

SW Gulf of Mexico planktonic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes and Mg/Ca data from core RC10-265PC spanning MIS 6 to MIS 1

In the sediment Core RC10-265PC collected in the oligotrophic region of the SW Gulf of Mexico, it was reconstructed the surface ocean conditions, including water masses, the mixed layer depth and the sea surface temperatures over the Late Pleistocene to Holocene (last 180 cal ka BP). This database includes (Table S1) the counting and distribution of planktonic foraminifera assemblages, and (Table S2) stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O-PDB) (&permil;) of Globigerinoides ruber (white) and elemental ratios of Mg/Ca (mmol/mol), Mn/Ca (mmol/mol), Fe/Ca (mmol/mol), Sr/Ca (mmol/mol), Mn/Fe (mmol/mol).

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Data from: Human-induced biotic invasions and changes in plankton interaction networks

1.Pervasive and accelerating changes to ecosystems due to human activities remain major sources of uncertainty in predicting the structure and dynamics of ecological communities. Understanding which biotic interactions within natural multitrophic communities are threatened or augmented by invasions of non-native species in the context of other environmental pressures is needed for effective management. 2.We used multivariate autoregressive models with detailed time-series data from largely freshwater and brackish regions of the upper San Francisco Estuary to assess the topology, direction and strength of trophic interactions following major invasions and establishment of non-native zooplankton in the early 1990s. We simultaneously compared the effects of fish and clam predation, environmental temperature, and salinity intrusion using time-series data from > 60 monitoring locations and spanning more than three decades. 3.We found changes in the networks of biotic interactions in both regions after the major zooplankton invasions. Our results imply an increased pressure on native herbivores; intensified negative interactions between herbivores and omnivores; and stronger bottom-up influence of juvenile copepods but weaker influence of phytoplankton as a resource for higher trophic levels following the invasions. We identified salinity intrusion as a primary pressure but showed relatively stronger importance of biotic interactions for understanding the dynamics of entire communities. 4.Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of biotic interactions and provide evidence of how simultaneous invasions of exotic species may alter interaction networks in diverse natural ecosystems over large spatial and temporal scales. Efforts to restore declining fish stocks may be in vain without fully considering the trophic dynamics that limit the flow of energy to target populations. Focusing on multitrophic interactions that may be threatened by invasions rather than a limited focus on responses of individual species or diversity is likely to yield more effective management strategies.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

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Dataset for: Effects of chloride and nutrients on freshwater plankton communities

Increasing chloride concentrations threaten freshwater zooplankton. We questioned the protectiveness of the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for chloride because it is based on individual species studied under laboratory conditions and does not account for potential interactive factors, such as nutrient concentration. We exposed plankton communities to thirty chloride concentration increments for six weeks, crossed with either ambient or high nutrient treatments. Total zooplankton abundance, biomass, and richness declined with increasing chloride, with losses observed below the Canadian Water Quality Guideline. Nutrients did not affect the impact of chloride on zooplankton. Phytoplankton and protist responses varied by nutrient level. Under low nutrients, phytoplankton and protist abundance, biomass, and richness increased with chloride. Under high nutrients, phytoplankton and protist abundance and biomass were unaffected while richness decreased with chloride. These results indicate that current water quality guidelines do not sufficiently protect plankton and that nutrient context may alter phytoplankton and protist response.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

opennotspecifiedSep 2008View details →

Figure 11. Maja squinado Herbst, 1788 in The larval development of Maja squinado and M. brachydactyla (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) described from plankton collected and laboratory-reared material

Figure 11. Maja squinado Herbst, 1788, pleon. (A) first zoea, dorsal view; (B) first zoea, detail of telson; (C) second zoea, dorsal view; (D) first zoea, lateral view; (E) second zoea, lateral view. Scale bar of A and C–E5500 Mm; B5250 Mm.

opennotspecifiedSep 2008View details →

Figure 9. Maja squinado Herbst, 1788 in The larval development of Maja squinado and M. brachydactyla (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) described from plankton collected and laboratory-reared material

Figure 9. Maja squinado Herbst, 1788, pereiopods. (A) first zoea; (B) second zoea. Scale bar5500 Mm.