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22,710 results for “Plant”
Genome size influences plant growth and biodiversity responses to nutrient fertilization in diverse grassland communities
Experiments comparing diploids with polyploids and in single grassland sites show that nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability influences plant growth and community composition dependent on genome size; specifically plants with larger genomes grow faster under nutrient enrichments relative to those with smaller genomes. However, it is unknown if these effects are specific to particular site localities with speciifc plant assemblages, climates, and historical contingencies. To determine the generality of genome size dependent growth responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisation, we combined genome size and species abundance data from 27 coordinated grassland nutrient addition experiments in the Nutrient Network that occur in the Northern Hemisphere across a range of climates and grassland communities. We found that after nitrogen treatment, species with larger genomes generally increased more in cover compared to those with smaller genomes, potentially due to a release from nutrient limitation. Responses were strongest for C3 grasses and in less seasonal, low precipitation environments, indicating that genome size effects on water-use-efficiency modulates genome size-nutrient interactions. Cumulatively the data suggest that genome size is informative and improves predictions of species’ success in grassland communities.
Plant abundance data from the 2016 Chimney Tops 2 Fire in Gatlinburg, TN
We surveyed understory plant communities during the second growing season (2018) after the 2016 fire at sites in WUI near Gatlinburg (hereafter “exurban”) and in GSMNP (hereafter "natural"). We chose sites based on dominant forest vegetation type (available for GSMNP) and elevation to minimize the potential confounding effects of these variables. We used stratified random sampling in ESRI ArcMap to select 18 sites, nine in natural locations and nine in exurban locations; within the location type we randomly selected sites to represent fire severity categories, three no burn, three low/medium burn, and three high burn. In the field, we randomly selected two 1x1 m permanent plots to survey and identify each individual plant in the understory to at least genus level, and to count the number of individuals for each taxon. We generated taxa lists and count of individuals per taxa by aggregating plot level records by month. Individuals that could not be identified to at least genus level due to immature characteristics or herbivore damage were assigned observational taxonomic unit numbers (OTUs).
Peeking under the canopy: anomalously short fire-return intervals alter subalpine forest understory plant communities
Changing climate and fire regimes are profoundly affecting temperate coniferous forests, driving greatly reduced tree cover postfire. However, whether similar changes are present in the understory of these forests remains less well-understood. We sampled understory plant communities in 20 plot pairs across Greater Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) in July and August 2021, with each including one plot burned at short (<30 year) fire-return interval and one plot burned in the same most recent fire but not burned previously for >125 years. We also included 11 plot pairs meeting our definition of short- and long-interval fire that were sampled 12 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires in summer 2000. We also used previously collected published and unpublished data to compare understory communities following recent (2016) short-interval fires to those following the previous long-interval fire in the same general area. In each plot, percent cover of understory plant species was estimated in 0.25-m2 quadrats, and species richness determined via a whole-plot sweep. Understory plant community cover, richness, and diversity did not differ by interval class, but species able to persist in drier conditions and in lower vegetation zones became more abundant following shot interval fire. Further, previously distinct understory communities following long-interval fire in two regions of Greater Yellowstone became slightly more similar following recent short-interval fire. Dissimilarity between plot pairs increased with greater historical snowfall and decreased with time since fire and postfire winter snowfall. These changes to understory plant communities may continue with ongoing shifts in climate and fire across temperate and boreal forests.
Decomposition of Microstegium vimineum litter, plants grew through the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge in 2019. Litter used in this experiment naturally senesced in the fall 2019, decomposition data collected through 2020. Plants were infected or not-infected with the foliar fungal pathogen Bipolaris gigantea during the 2019 growing season.
Decomposition of plant litter, facilitated primarily by microbial decomposers, plays a critical role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function. Emerging pathogens have the potential to impact litter decomposition by altering the chemical composition and associated microbial community of host tissue. Here, we compared litter decomposition of the invasive grass Microstegium vimineum collected from sites with Bipolaris leaf spot symptoms and sites with no apparent disease symptoms in a common garden experiment. Our results revealed that leaf tissue from litter from non-infected sites decomposed more rapidly through the spring than litter from infected sites. Differences in fungal composition between infected and non-infected litter at the start of the experiment largely persisted through the summer. Our work demonstrates that pathogen colonization may facilitate the persistence of infected host litter, potentially slowing the return of nutrients to the environmental pool while also promoting the survival and dispersal of primary inoculum the following season.
Oxygen isotope in plants and source water between 2018 and 2020, along the Santa Clara River, CA
This data package includes two data tables: 1. the oxygen stable isotope values for plant xylem, soil, groundwater, precipitation; and 2. the environmental conditions between 2018-2020, including precipitation, groundwater depth, potential evapotranspiration, and soil moisture. Isotope data were collected monthly at three sites along the Santa Clara River, CA between 2018 and 2020.
Projected climate and canopy change lead to thermophilization and homogenization of forest floor vegetation in a hotspot of plant species richness, Berchtesgaden National Park, Bavaria, Germany
Mountain forests are plant diversity hotspots, but changing climate and increasing forest disturbances will likely lead to far-reaching plant community change. Projecting future change, however, is challenging for forest understory plants, which respond to forest structure and composition as well as climate. Here, we jointly assessed effects of both climate and forest change, including wind and bark beetle disturbances, using the process-based simulation model iLand in a protected landscape in the northern Alps (Berchtesgaden National Park, Germany), asking: (1) How do understory plant communities respond to 21st-century change in a topographically complex mountain landscape, representing a hotspot of plant species richness? (2) How important are climatic changes (i.e., direct climate effects) versus forest structure and composition changes (i.e., indirect climate effects and recovery from past land use) in driving understory responses at landscape scales? Stacked individual species distribution models fit with climate, forest, and soil predictors (248 species currently present in the landscape, derived from 150 field plots stratified by elevation and forest development, overall AUC = 0.86) were driven with projected climate (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and modeled forest variables to predict plant community change. Nearly all species persisted in the landscape in 2050, but on average 8% of the species pool was lost by the end of the century. By 2100, landscape mean species richness and understory cover declined (-13% and -8%, respectively), warm-adapted species increasingly dominated plant communities (i.e., thermophilization, +12%), and plot-level turnover was high (62%). Subalpine forests experienced the greatest richness declines (-16%), most thermophilization (+17%), and highest turnover (67%), resulting in plant community homogenization across elevation zones. Climate rather than forest change was the dominant driver of understory responses. The magnitude of unabated 2
Murchison Falls National Park Uganda Woody Plant and Palm Inventory Plots 2022
Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP) is a protected area in northern Uganda along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo and straddling the Victoria Nile. This project was designed to assess the accuracy of woody cover maps developed in (Nagelkirk & Dahlin, 2020). We determined an area of interest and then identified 40 plots that we expected would range from zero to nearly 100% woody cover. Due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we could only spend six days in the field, and so our sampling time was limited. We were able to collect 36 30x30 m square plots (four plots were not measured due to safety or accessibility issues). In each, we collected data describing woody plant species, when possible, diameter at breast height (DBH) or basal diameter depending on the size of the plant, and two crown diameter measurements: one at the widest width and another approximately perpendicular to the first. Together these measurements allow us to estimate woody plant canopy cover and basal area, along with species diversity both by count and by basal area. With additional information, aboveground biomass, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity could also be estimated in the future. Although this project was limited in scope, since eastern African savannas are underrepresented in global databases of woody cover and aboveground biomass, this data set will contribute to our overall understanding of vegetation patterns and processes.
Data from "Grassland woody plant management rapidly changes woody vegetation persistence and abiotic habitat conditions but not herbaceous community composition"
These files contain microhabitat, soil, vegetation structure, and woody plant species data used in the paper "Grassland woody plant management rapidly changes woody vegetation persistence and abiotic habitat conditions but not herbaceous community composition". The project was conducted at seven publicly accessible remnant (i.e., unplowed or old-growth) tallgrass prairie within 100 miles of Madison, Wisconsin, United States starting in the 2020 growing season and commencing following the 2022 growing season. The goal was to assess the initial effects of different management interventions on woody vegetation persistence, abiotic habitat conditions, and herbaceous community composition, including physical and chemical management interventions and their combination.
Percent plant cover, Warming and Removal in Mountains (WaRM) experiment, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, 2013-2022
These data were collected from 2013 to 2022 near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Colorado. They are from a climate change experiment that manipulated temperature using open-top chambers to passively warm the air and plant community composition by removing the dominant species in a factorial design at two elevations. We measured the total percent cover of all the plots during the peak season each year, and in 2022, we also measured the total percent cover and species diversity every week. From 2022, air temperature, soil temperature, and soil moisture are also included.
Data for: Sparse subalpine forest recovery pathways, plant communities, and carbon stocks 34 years after stand-replacing fire (Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA; 2022)
We assessed postfire forest recovery pathways, stem densities, understory plant communities, and carbon stocks across 55 plots in areas exhibiting sparse and reduced forest recovery 34 years after the 1988 Yellowstone Fires in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. Recovery pathways were identified using plot-level frequency distributions of tree ages and correlated with potentially important biotic and abiotic variables (e.g., elevation, seed source distance). Species- and age-specific stem densities were similarly regressed across environmental factors to determine variability in forest recovery across the sampled landscape. Understory plant communities were sampled in 0.25m-square quadrats and environmental drivers of individual species occurrence and whole compositional shifts were determined. Finally, carbon stock sizes were derived from field measures of tree characteristics, understory cover, and soil combined with regionally derived allometric equations. Data collection is complete and is part of a forthcoming manuscript at Ecological Monographs.
Data associated with a study on freshwater phenanthrene removal by three emergent wetland plants conducted in a microcosm experiment at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, ON, Canada, in 2022.
The following package includes data from a study that evaluated the efficacy of three common wetland plants, Typha sp. (cattail), Carex utriculata (sedge a), and C. lasiocarpa (sedge b) in enhancing removal of phenanthrene (1 mg/L) from freshwater in a microcosm experiment conducted at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, Canada, in 2022. Over 21 days, microcosms were monitored for phenanthrene chemistry, basic water quality, plant growth metrics (height and final biomass), and root biofilm oxygen consumption (respirometry) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Data included in this package was first collected and used in the paper by Stanley et al., titled Freshwater Phenanthrene Removal by three Emergent Wetland Plants.
Data for 'Floral color and family drive contrasting plant-pollinator responses to nutrient enrichment' by Rebecca A. Nelson, Elizabeth T. Borer, and Eric W. Seabloom 2025. Collected in California grasslands 2023 and 2024.
Data for analysis of how flower color and family mediate plant-pollinator response to nutrient enrichment. Data on pollinator visitation and flower abundance were collected in three California grasslands in 2023 and 2024 from a factorial experimental in which combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrients were applied.
Prairie manure application impacts on floral abundance, plant growth, plant community structure, insect and spider community abundance and activity density in experimental plots in Ames, Iowa (2021-2022).
This dataset contains results from a two-year field experiment at Iowa State University’s Horticulture Research Station to evaluate the effects of dairy manure application on native prairie plant and insect communities. We established replicated 4 m² plots across two field types, an established tallgrass prairie and a tilled crop field, and applied four manure treatments (weekly, biweekly, once per season, and control) using liquid slurry from a local dairy farm. Plant responses were monitored through weekly measurements of mortality, ground cover, floral abundance, plant height, and visual obstruction. Insect communities were sampled biweekly using vacuum suction for foliage and flower visitors and pitfall traps for ground-dwelling arthropods. Collected insects were identified to order, with Hymenoptera and Carabidae further resolved to family or genus.
Combined data on plant species abundance and composition from LTER and other grasslands in the United States, 1943 - 2010
Understanding how biotic mechanisms confer stability in variable environments is a fundamental quest in ecology, and one that is becoming increasingly urgent with global change. Several mechanisms, notably a portfolio effect associated with species richness, compensatory dynamics generated by negative species covariance and selection for stable dominant species populations can increase the stability of the overall community. While the importance of these mechanisms is debated, few studies have contrasted their importance in an environmental context. We compiled nine long-term datasets of grassland species composition to evaluate the strength of biotic mechanisms of community stability and assess how these mechanisms change across precipitation gradients. Data were collected in replicate plots over time at nine different sites throughout the US (replicates within a site range from 5-100, plot sizes from 0.1 m² to 17 m²; minimum 9 years, maximum 30 years). Species abundance was measured as either percent cover, biomass, or allometrically-derived biomass. At all sites the measurement techniques and management regimes remained constant over the collection period, and the data collection methods were not relativized. For example, sites in which species composition were measured as percent cover do not require their estimates to sum to 100. For sites with long-term experimental treatments, only the control plots were included. These data have been presented in: Lauren M. Hallett, Joanna S. Hsu, Elsa E. Cleland, Scott L. Collins, Timothy L. Dickson, Emily C. Farrer, Laureano A. Gherardi, Katherine L. Gross, Richard J. Hobbs, Laura Turnbull, Katharine N. Suding. 2014. Biotic mechanisms of community stability shift along a precipitation gradient. Ecology 95:1693–1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0895.1
Soil nitrogen and phosphorus effects on plant virus density, transmission, and species interactions
This data package includes data and code from an experiment testing the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on interactions between two grass viruses (BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPV). Data include virus density within oats (Avena sativa) and transmission of viruses to a second set of oats. Data were collected by Amy E. Kendig and collaborators between February 2014 and August 2014 at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul Minnesota, USA. Experiments were performed in growth chambers, virus density data were obtained using one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and transmission data were obtained using RT-PCR. The code includes statistical analyses and figures. Model objects created through statistical analyses are also included. The code was run using R (version 3.5.2).
Data and analysis code from: Micro-scale geography of synchrony in a serpentine plant community
This package includes data and code to reproduce analyses of micro-scale geography of synchrony in the plant community at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. Plant cover and soil depth data come from long-term experimental plots established by Richard Hobbs. Plant cover is aggregated into 36 1m2 plots across three treatments (control, gopher exclosure, rabbit exclosure) from 1983 to 2015; included herein are data on the 6 most abundant species (Plantago erecta, Bromus hordeaceous, Lasthenia californica, Microseris douglasii, Vulpia microstachys, and Calycadenia multiglandulosa), total plant cover across all species, and records of gopher disturbance in the plots. The data package also includes time series of monthly precipitation and growing season Palmer’s Drought Severity Index for the same time period. An R Markdown file is included that reproduces all analyses described in the manuscript and reproduces all data figures. Data to support: Walter, Hallett et al. in review “Micro-scale geography of synchrony in a serpentine plant community
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Survey - Plant Reproductive Success
These data describe annual estimates of seed set for seven common salt marsh plant species at the San Dieguito Wetland collected as part of the SONGS San Dieguito Wetland Restoration mitigation monitoring program designed to evaluate compliance of the restoration project with conditions of the SONGS permit. Monitoring began in 2012.
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Process Study - Irrigation, Decompaction, Amendment, Planting and Seeding Experiment Vegetation Cover
These data describe estimates of the percent cover of marsh plants in experimental plots designed to evaluate the effectiveness of various soil treatments on increasing vegetation cover at the San Dieguito Wetlands (Del Mar, California). Plots established between 1.61 – 2.1 m MLLW were manipulated to test the effects of irrigation, decompaction, soil amendments, and planting versus seeding, whereas plots between 1.6 – 1.7 m MLLW tested the effects of planting versus seeding alone. Data collection was conducted from 2020 to 2022. During each survey, species of marsh plants were identified and recorded under 98 uniformly spaced points within 4.5 m2 quadrats in each plot.
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Process Study - Irrigation, Decompaction, Amendment, Planting and Seeding Experiment Plant Size
These data describe estimates of the condition and size of three species of salt marsh plants (Arthrocnemum subterminale, Frankenia salina, and Salicornia virginica) planted in experimental plots designed to evaluate the effectiveness of various soil treatments on increasing vegetation cover at the San Dieguito Wetlands (Del Mar, California). Plots established between 1.61 – 2.1 m MLLW were manipulated to test the effects of irrigation, decompaction, soil amendments, and planting versus seeding, whereas plots between 1.6 – 1.7 m MLLW tested the effects of planting versus seeding alone. Data collection was conducted from 2020 to 2022. During each survey, the length of the longest axis and maximum perpendicular width of each planted individual was measured.
Emerging fungal pathogen of an invasive grass: Implications for competition with native plant species
This data package includes data and code from an experiment testing the effects of a leaf spot fungal infection and competition from the invasive (to the U.S.) grass Microstegium vimineum on the performance of three native grass species: Dichanthelium clandestinum, Elymus virginicus, and Eragrostis spectabilis. The experiment was performed between June and September of 2019 in a greenhouse on the University of Florida campus in Gainesville, FL, USA. The leaf spot infection is caused by the fungal pathogen Bipolaris gigantea, which has recently emerged on populations of M. vimineum in the U.S. We tested the hypothesis that infection of B. gigantea would both directly and indirectly affect the native grass species by measuring the change in biomass of each species with and without pathogen inoculation (direct effects) and by measuring the effect of pathogen inoculation on M. vimineum competition through changes in native grass biomass across a density gradient of M. vimneum (indirect effects). The code includes statistical analyses and figures. The code was run using R (version 4.0.1).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.