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FIGURE 9 in Glypturus ferox, a new species of ghost shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan

FIGURE 9. Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of five species of Glypturus based on 538 bp of partial fragments of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Bootstrap values (≥ 80%) are shown.

FIGURE 3. Glypturus ferox n in Glypturus ferox, a new species of ghost shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan

FIGURE 3. Glypturus ferox n. sp., holotype, male (cl 27.9 mm), RUMF-ZC-7575. A, B, carapace and cephalic appendages, left lateral and dorsal view; C, pleomeres 1 and 2, dorsal view; D, pleomeres 3–5, dorsal view; E, pleomere 6, dorsal view; F, pleon, telson and pleonal appendages, left lateral view; G, shield on seventh thoracic sternite. Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Glypturus ferox, a new species of ghost shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan

FIGURE 2. Anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages of Glypturus, dorsal view. A, G. ferox n. sp., paratype, female (cl 30.1 mm), RUMF-ZC-7577; B, G. armatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1870), female (cl 31.0 mm), RUMF-ZC-7579.

FIGURE 4. Glypturus ferox n in Glypturus ferox, a new species of ghost shrimp (Decapoda: Axiidea: Callichiridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan

FIGURE 4. Glypturus ferox n. sp., holotype, male (cl 27.9 mm), RUMF-ZC-7575. A, B, anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, left lateral and dorsal view (antennular flagella omitted); C, left maxilliped 3, lateral view (setae omitted); D, left pereopod 2, lateral view; E, left pereopod 3, lateral view; F, same, propodus and dactylus, lateral view (setae omitted); G, telson and left uropod, dorsal view; H, telson, dorsal view (simple setae omitted). Scales bars: 5.0 mm.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

FIGURE 5 in A new stygiobiont species of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an anchialine cave on Miyako Island, Ryukyu Islands

FIGURE 5. Macrobrachium miyakoense sp. n. Holotype male (cl 14.7 mm) from Miyako Island (CBMZC 8351). A, chela of left first pereopod, dorsal view; B, chela of left second pereopod, dorsal view; C, same, basal part of fingers, dorsal view; D, same, basal part of dactylus, lateral view; E–G, dactyli of left third to fifth pereopods, lateral view. Scale bars: A, C–D, 1 mm; B, 2 mm; E–G, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new stygiobiont species of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an anchialine cave on Miyako Island, Ryukyu Islands

FIGURE 4. Macrobrachium miyakoense sp. n. Holotype male (cl 14.7 mm) from Miyako Island (CBMZC 8351). Pereopods, lateral views. A, first pereopod; B, left second pereopod; C, right second pereopod; D, third pereopod; E, fourth pereopod; F, fifth pereopod. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new stygiobiont species of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an anchialine cave on Miyako Island, Ryukyu Islands

FIGURE 3. Macrobrachium miyakoense sp. n. Holotype male (cl 14.7 mm) from Miyako Island (CBMZC 8351). Left appendages. A, mandible, dorsal view; B, same, obliquely mesial view; C, maxillule, ventral view; D, maxilla, ventral view; E, first maxilliped, ventral view; F, second maxilliped, ventral view; G, third maxilliped, lateral view; H, tip of ultimate segment of third maxilliped, mesial view; I, endopod of first pleopod, ventral view; J, appendix interna and appendix masculina of second pleopod, mesial view. Scale bars: A–C, G, 1mm; D–F, 2 mm; H–J, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new stygiobiont species of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an anchialine cave on Miyako Island, Ryukyu Islands

FIGURE 1. Macrobrachium miyakoense sp. n. Holotype male (cl 14.7 mm) from Miyako Island (CBMZC 8351). Left, living animal in aquarium; Right, entire animal, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2 in A new stygiobiont species of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an anchialine cave on Miyako Island, Ryukyu Islands

FIGURE 2. Macrobrachium miyakoense sp. n. Holotype male (cl 14.7 mm) from Miyako Island (CBMZC 8351). A, rostrum and carapace, lateral view (setae omitted); B, rostrum, anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view; C, same, dorsal view; D, third abdominal somite to telson, and left uropod, lateral view; E, posterior margin of sixth abdominal sternite and interuropodal sclerite, ventral view; inset, tooth on interuropodal sclerite, ventrolateral view; F, telson, dorsal view; G, posterior part of telson, ventral view; H, antenna, ventral view (flagellum omitted); I, epistome, ventral view. Scale bars: A–C, D, H, 2 mm; E, I, 1 mm; F, G, 1 mm, G, 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new stygiobiont species of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Palaemonidae) from an anchialine cave on Miyako Island, Ryukyu Islands

FIGURE 6. Macrobrachium miyakoense sp. n. Paratype male (cl 12.6 mm) from Miyako Island (CBMZC 8352). A, rostrum, anterior part of carapace and cephalic appendages, lateral view; B, chela and carpus of left second pereopod; C, chela and carpus of right second pereopod, lateral view. Scale bar: 2 mm.

opennotspecifiedMay 2022View details →

FIGURES 14–19 in First report of the genus Thirumalaia Zettel & Laciny, 2021 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 14–19. Life cycle of Thirumalaia kaara sp. nov. 14, Egg; 15, first instar; 16, second instar; 17, third instar; 18, fourth instar; 19, emerged adult male.

opennotspecifiedMay 2022View details →

FIGURES 3–12 in First report of the genus Thirumalaia Zettel & Laciny, 2021 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with the description of a new species

FIGURES 3–12. Thirumalaia kaara sp. nov., apterous male. 3, Antenna; 4–6, fore leg, middle leg, hind leg, respectively; 7, apical part of fore leg with grasping comb of tibia; 8, ventral view of mediotergite VIII; 9–10, dorsal and lateral views of proctiger; 11–12, dorsal and lateral views of right paramere.

opennotspecifiedMay 2022View details →

FIGURES. 1–2 in First report of the genus Thirumalaia Zettel & Laciny, 2021 (Hemiptera: Veliidae) in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with the description of a new species

FIGURES. 1–2. Dorsal habitus of Thirumalaia kaara sp. nov. from Ishigaki-jima Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. 1, Male (NSMT-I-He 84334); 2, female (NSMT-I-He 84335) (scale 1.0 mm).

FIGURE 8 in A new species of the genus Misgurnus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Japan

FIGURE 8. Type specimens of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and five Misgurnus loaches described from Japan and Taiwan. a, BMNH 1843.7.21.15-18a (syntype of Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor, 1842, Chusan Island [Zhoushan Island], China, 103.9 mm SL); b, BMNH 1843.7.21.15-18b (syntype of Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor, 1842, 114.9 mm SL); c, BMNH 1843.7.21.15- 18c (syntype of Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor, 1842, 87.0 mm SL); d, BMNH 1843.7.21.15-18d (syntype of Cobitis anguillicaudata Cantor, 1842, 91.5 mm SL); e, RMNH.PISC.2705 (lectotype of Cobitis rubripinnis Temminck & Schlegel, 1846, Nagasaki, Japan, 147.5 mm SL); f, BMNH1866.5.2.26 (lectotype of Cobitichthys enalios Bleeker, 1860, Kaminoseki, Japan, 64.6 mm SL); g, BMNH1866.5.2.96 (lectotype of Cobitichthys dichachrous Bleeker, 1860, Jedo [Tokyo], Japan, 102.8 mm SL); h, BMNH1866.5.2.24 (lectotype of Cobitichthys polynema Bleeker, 1860, Jedo [Tokyo], Japan, 123.6 mm SL); i, NRM 10354 (holotype of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus formosanus Rendahl, 1936, Lake Candidius, Taiwan, 105.1 mm SL). Photos by James Maclaine & Lucie Goodayle (BMNH) (a, b, c, d, f, g, h), Esther Dondorp (RMNH) (e), and Andrea Hennyey (NRM) (i).

FIGURE 7 in A new species of the genus Misgurnus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Japan

FIGURE 7. Lamina circularis of Northeast Asian species of Misgurnus. a, M. amamianus sp. nov. (KPM-NI 68404, holotype, Tokuno-shima Is., Japan, 83.8 mm SL); b, M. anguillicaudatus (Japan clade) (KYUM-PI 4520, Fukuoka, Japan, 93.4 mm SL); c, M. anguillicaudatus (China clade) (KMNH VR 100186, Zheijiang, China, 128.9 mm SL); d, M. dabryanus (JNC130, Fukuoka, Japan, 115.2 mm SL); e, M. mohoity (JNC563, Ibaraki, Japan, 71.7 mm SL); f, M. nikolskyi (JNC301, Tokyo, Japan, 121.3 mm SL); g, M. sp. (Clade A) (JNC345, Aomori, Japan, 110.5 mm SL); e, M. sp. OK (KMNH VR100189, Okinawa, Japan, 77.1 mm SL). Bar 1mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of the genus Misgurnus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Japan

FIGURE 6. Maximum likelihood tree of the partial sequences of mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) in Misgurnus amamianus sp. nov. and Japanese and Northeast Asian species of Misgurnus. CR sequences of Barbatula barbatula and Leptobotia elongata are used as outgroups. Numbers on each branch indicate bootstrap values with 1,000 replications.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the genus Misgurnus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Japan

FIGURE 5. Misgurnus amamianus sp. nov., KPM-NI 68404, holotype. a, radiograph; b, radiograph of dorsal fin; c, radiograph of anal fin; d, radiograph of caudal fin; e, living body.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the genus Misgurnus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Japan

FIGURE 4. Misgurnus amamianus sp. nov., KPM-NI 68404, holotype. a, mouth; b, lamina circularis (allow indicating the neckline at the base of lamina circularis), bar 1 mm; c, dorsal fin.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the genus Misgurnus (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) from Ryukyu Islands, Japan

FIGURE 3. Misgurnus amamianus sp. nov. a, holotype (male, KPM-NI 68404); b, paratype (female, TKPM-P 26178).