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955 results for “Subtropical”
FIGURE 10 in A new subtropical species of goby of the genus Luciogobius (Gobiidae) from southwestern Japan
FIGURE 10. Fresh specimens of Luciogobius sp. 7 sensu Shibukawa et al. (2019) from Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. A: KAUM–I. 159033, male, 51.3 mm SL; B: KAUM–I. 159029, female, 33.2 mm SL; C: KAUM–I. 159028, female, 32.1 mm SL. Photographs taken immediately after fixation.
FIGURE 9 in A new subtropical species of goby of the genus Luciogobius (Gobiidae) from southwestern Japan
FIGURE 9. Fresh specimens of Luciogobius platycephalus from Kagoshima Bay (A: KAUM–I. 153354, male, 51.6 mm SL), western coast of Kyushu (B: KAUM–I. 142212, female, 51.5 mm SL; C: KAUM–I. 142238, female, 30.6 mm SL), southeastern coast of Kyushu (D: KAUM–I. 149613, female, 33.6 mm SL), and Tanega-shima island (E: KAUM–I. 146245, female, 26.2 mm SL). Photographs taken immediately after fixation.
FIGURE 7 in A new subtropical species of goby of the genus Luciogobius (Gobiidae) from southwestern Japan
FIGURE 7. Relationship of (A) pelvic-fin length (P2F length) as % of pre-dorsal-fin length (PDF) and (B) PDF + P2A length as % of standard length (SL) in the Luciogobius platycephalus complex. Closed star: holotype of L. griseus; open stars: paratypes of L. griseus; circles: non-type specimens of L. platycephalus; triangles: Luciogobius sp. 7 sensu Shibukawa et al. (2019).
FIGURE 6 in A new subtropical species of goby of the genus Luciogobius (Gobiidae) from southwestern Japan
FIGURE 6. Distribution of species of the Luciogobius platycephalus complex. Stars: L. griseus; circles: L. platycephalus; triangles: Luciogobius sp. 7 sensu Shibukawa et al. (2019). Purple dotted line indicates Osumi line.
Raw data for Evaluating community-wide temporal sampling in passive acoustic monitoring: A comprehensive study of avian vocal patterns in subtropical montane forests
<p>This dataset, utilized in the research paper "<a href="https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.141951.1">Evaluating community-wide temporal sampling in passive acoustic monitoring: A comprehensive study of avian vocal patterns in subtropical montane forests</a>", comprises columns such as site_name, longitude (WGS84), latitude (WGS84), altitude (meters above sea level), vegetation types, date, hour, minute, julian_day, scientific_name, and Vocal Activity Rate per minute (VAR_m). It encompasses data gathered from twelve Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) stations positioned within Yushan National Park (YSNP), Taiwan. The collection period spanned from March 1 to June 30, 2021. The dataset documents 8,202,731 vocalizations from twelve bird species, detected using an automated sound identification tool named SILIC (Sound Identification and Labeling Intelligence for Creatures). The vocalization data is aggregated by site, species, and time (down to the minute).</p>
Evidence for the plant apparency and Janzen Connell hypotheses in a subtropical forest
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Scleractinian corals at their subtropical southwestern Atlantic limit: Post-2019 mass bleaching event analysis
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Stoichiometric traits (N:P) of understory plants contribute to reductions in plant diversity following long-term nitrogen addition in subtropical forest
<p>Nitrogen enrichment is pervasive in forest ecosystems, but its influence on understory plant communities and their stoichiometric characteristics is poorly understood. We hypothesize that when forest is enriched with nitrogen (N), the stoichiometric characteristics of plant species explains changes in understory plant diversity. A 13 year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of N addition on foliar carbon (C): N: phosphorus (P) stoichiometry and understory plant species richness in a subtropical Chinese fir forest. Four levels of N addition were applied: 0, 6, 12, and 24 g m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. Individual plant species were categorized into resistant plants, intermediate resistant plants, and sensitive plants based on their response to nitrogen addition. Results showed that N addition significantly decreased the number of species, genera and families of herbaceous plants. Foliar N:P ratios were greater in sensitive plants than resistant or intermediate resistance plants, while intrinsic water use efficiency showed an opposite trend. However, no relationship was detected between soil available N and foliar N, and soil N:P and foliar N:P ratios. Our results indicated that long-term N addition decreased the diversity of understory plants in a subtropical forest. Through regulating water use efficiency with N addition, sensitive plants change their N:P stoichiometry and have a higher risk of mortality, while resistant plants maintain a stable N:P stoichiometry, which contributes to their survival. These findings suggest that plant N:P stoichiometry plays an important role in understory plant performance in response to environmental change of N.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. gymnocercus Fischer, 1814 — subtropical grasslands of NE Argentina, SE Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Pg. antiquus Ameghino, 1889 — Pampas grasslands, monte scrublands, and open woodlands of C Argentina. P. g. lordi Massoia, 1982 — Chaco-montane tropical forest ecotone in NW Argentina (Salta & Jujuy Provinces). The subspecific status of the Pampas Fox from Entre Rios Province in Argentina remains unclear, and there are no data regarding the taxonomic position of Bolivian foxes. in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. gymnocercus Fischer, 1814 — subtropical grasslands of NE Argentina, SE Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Pg. antiquus Ameghino, 1889 — Pampas grasslands, monte scrublands, and open woodlands of C Argentina. P. g. lordi Massoia, 1982 — Chaco-montane tropical forest ecotone in NW Argentina (Salta & Jujuy Provinces). The subspecific status of the Pampas Fox from Entre Rios Province in Argentina remains unclear, and there are no data regarding the taxonomic position of Bolivian foxes.
Impacts of growth form and phylogenetic relatedness on seed germination: a large-scale analysis of a subtropical regional flora
<p>Plant regeneration strategy plays a critical role in species survival and can be used as a proxy for the evolutionary response of species to climate change. However, information on the effects of key plant traits and phylogenetic relatedness on seed germination is limited at large regional scales that vary in climate. To test the hypotheses that phylogenetic niche conservatism plays a critical force in shaping seed ecophysiological traits across species, and also drives their response to climatic fluctuation, we conducted a controlled experiment on seed germination and determined the percentage and rate of germination for 249 species in subtropical China under two temperature regimes (i.e., daily 25ºC; daily alternating 25/15ºC for each 12 h). Germination was low with a skewed distribution (mean = 38.9% at 25ºC, and 43.3% at 25/15ºC). One fifth of the species had low (<10%) and slow (4–30d) germination, and only a few (8%) species had a high (>80%) and rapid (1.2–6.6d) germination. All studied plant traits (including germination responses) showed a significant phylogenetic signal, with an exception of seed germination percentage under the alternating temperature scenario. Generalized linear models (GLMs) and phylogenetic generalized estimation equations (GEEs) demonstrated that growth form and seed dispersal mode were strong drivers of germination. Our experimental study highlights that integrating plant key traits and phylogeny is critical to predicting seed germination response to future climate change.</p>
Spatial autocorrelation shapes liana distribution better than topography and host tree properties in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in SW China
<p>Lianas are an important component of subtropical forests, but the mechanisms underlying their spatial distribution patterns have received relatively little attention. Here, we selected 12 most abundant liana species, constituting up to 96.9% of the total liana stems, in a 20-ha plot in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest at 2,472 – 2,628 m elevation in SW China. Combining data on topography (convexity, slope, aspect, and elevation) and host trees (density and size) of the plot, we addressed how liana distribution is shaped by host tree properties, topography and spatial autocorrelation by using principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM) analysis. We found that lianas had an aggregated distribution based on the Ripley's <i>K</i> function. At the community level, PCNM analysis showed that spatial autocorrelation explained 43% variance in liana spatial distribution. Host trees and topography explained 4% and 18% of the variance, but less than 1% variance after taking spatial autocorrelation into consideration. A similar trend was found at the species level. These results indicate that spatial autocorrelation might be the most important factor shaping liana spatial distribution in subtropical forest at high elevation.</p>
Stronger effect of litter quality than microorganisms on leaf and root litter C and N loss at different decomposition stages following a subtropical land use change
<p>Litter decomposition contributes largely to global carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, and it is strongly determined by litter quality and microbial community composition in ways that are poorly understood. Here, we conducted a 2-year field litter decomposition experiment by collecting leaf and root litter of crops (from cropland), shrubs (from shrubland), and wood (from woodland) and placing samples for decomposition in woodland soil in central China to investigate the effects of litter quality and microbial community composition on C and N loss of leaf and root litter of three species under different decomposition stages. Our results showed that the leaf litter C and N losses of shrubs were significantly higher than those of crops and wood, whereas the root litter C and N losses of crops were significantly higher than those of shrubs and wood. Generally, the leaf litter C and N losses of the three species were higher on average than those of fine root litter under the whole decomposition period. For the C loss of the three species, litter lignin and phosphorus as well as initial litter quality were predominant drivers of root litter decomposition, while litter lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose concentrations were dominant for leaf litter decomposition. For N loss, litter stoichiometry and litter quality directly governed leaf and root litter N loss, and the initial litter quality largely regulated N loss at the late decomposition stage. Unexpectedly, the effect of microbial community composition on litter C and N loss was relatively weak and only exhibited an effect on litter C and N loss during the early stage of decomposition. Thus, our results revealed the huge disparity in C and N loss of plant species and litter types at different decomposition stages, which should be considered jointly when evaluating their roles in plant-soil feedbacks under global land use change.</p>
data for manuscript 'Two remarkable characteristics of near-inertial wave propagation in the subtropical northwestern Pacific'
<p>Subsurface mooring observational data of Typhoon Sunvn in western Pacific</p>
Sinking efficiency of cyanobacteria-derived particulate organic carbon from one eutrophic lake and global perspectives on carbon burial flux in subtropical shallow lakes
<p>It is the data that support the findings entitled "Sinking efficiency of cyanobacteria-derived particulate organic carbon from one eutrophic lake and global perspectives on carbon burial flux in subtropical shallow lakes” </p>
Plastid phylogenomics of tribe Perseeae (Lauraceae) yields insights into the evolution of East Asian subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests
<p><b>Background:</b> The East Asian subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLFs) harbor remarkable biodiversity. However, their historical assembly remains unclear. To gain new insights into the assembly of this biome, we generated a molecular phylogeny of one of its essential elements, the tribe Perseeae (Lauraceae).</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Our plastid tree topologies were robust to analyses based on different plastid regions, data partitioning, nucleotide substitution saturation and gap handling strategies. We found that Perseeae comprised six major clades and started to colonize the subtropical EBLFs of east Asia in the early Miocene. The diversification rates of Perseeae accelerated twice in the late Miocene.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>Our findings suggest that the intensified precipitation in East Asia in the early Miocene might have facilitated range expansions of the drought-sensitive subtropical EBLFs and establishment of Perseeae within this biome. By the late Miocene, assembly and diversification within the EBLFs had become rapid.</p>
Fig. 1 in DUganella laCTea sp. nov., DUganella gUangzHOUensis sp. nov., DUganella flavida sp. nov. and Massilia rivUli sp. nov., isolated from a subtropical stream in PR China and proposal to reclassify DUganella ginsengisOli as Massilia ginsengisOli comb. nov.
Fig. 1. Neighbour-joining tree based on the concatenated 92 core genes of strains FT50WT, FT80WT, FT92WT, FT94W, FT135WT and other related strains. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position. Bootstrap percentages>50% based on 1000 replications are shown at the branch points.
Effects of long-term nitrogen addition on water use by Cunninghamia lanceolate in a subtropical plantation
<p>The deposition of reactive nitrogen (N) has substantially increased in subtropical regions due to human activities. However, the effects of long-term N addition on the water-use efficiency of subtropical forests are poorly understood. Here, we conducted an 11-year experiment in a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolate plantation with four N-addition levels: N0, N1, N2, and N3 (equivalent to 0, 6, 12, and 24 g of N m-2 yr-1, respectively). A thermal dissipation probe system was used to calculate sap flow and plant biomass carbon was assessed by field investigation. The whole-plant water use and water-use efficiency were estimated. In addition, the δ13C of tree rings was used to indicate the plant intrinsic water-use efficiency. The results showed that N3 significantly increased the annual sap flow velocity, especially in summer and winter. Annual water use, plant growth, and water-use efficiency did not significantly differ among the N treatments, but water use tended to be higher in N3 than in N0. Furthermore, the reduction of δ13C between the pre-N treatment period and the post-N treatment period was 3.02%, 3.26%, 3.58%, and 5.28% for N0, N1, N2 and N3, respectively, which supported the inference that N addition could enhance water use. We conclude that long-term addition of high levels (but not of low levels) of N increased whole-plant water use in C. lanceolate plantations. Our results indicate that N deposition accompanied by high temperature and drought events may negatively affect water balance in subtropical forests.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. gymnocercus Fischer, 1814 — subtropical grasslands of NE Argentina, SE Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. P.g. antiquus Ameghino, 1889 — Pampas grasslands, monte scrublands, and open woodlands of C Argentina. P. g. lordi Massoia, 1982 — Chaco-montane tropical forest ecotone in NW Argentina (Salta & Jujuy Provinces). The subspecific status of the Pampas Fox from Entre Rios Province in Argentina remains unclear, and there are no data regarding the taxonomic position of Bolivian foxes. in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. gymnocercus Fischer, 1814 — subtropical grasslands of NE Argentina, SE Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. P.g. antiquus Ameghino, 1889 — Pampas grasslands, monte scrublands, and open woodlands of C Argentina. P. g. lordi Massoia, 1982 — Chaco-montane tropical forest ecotone in NW Argentina (Salta & Jujuy Provinces). The subspecific status of the Pampas Fox from Entre Rios Province in Argentina remains unclear, and there are no data regarding the taxonomic position of Bolivian foxes.
Immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian limestone karst floras
<p><i>Ex situ </i>origins and dispersal of taxa have played important roles in the assembly of island-like biodiversity hotspots. Insular limestone karsts in Southeast Asia are hotspots of biodiversity and endemism, but the immigration processes of their unique floras are still poorly known. Here, we used Gesneriaceae as a proxy to investigate immigration dynamics of tropical and subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras. We show that immigration into subtropical Southeast Asian karst floras first occurred in the early Miocene, with two peaks in the early to middle Miocene and the Pliocene to early Pleistocene, whereas immigration into tropical Southeast Asian karsts initiated in the late Eocene, with two peaks in the late Oligocene and the late Miocene. The rich geological and ecological diversities of different regions, together with habitat isolation due to climatic changes, might be responsible for the different immigration patterns. We also discover that Southeast Asian karst biodiversity comprises a mix of immigrant pre-adapted lineages and descendants from local acid soil ancestors, although niche shift from acid soil to karst in tropical Southeast Asian islands was lacking. <span>These </span><span>findings</span> <span>provide insights into </span><span>how</span> <span>Southeast </span><span>Asian </span><span>k</span><span>arst</span><span>s</span><span> respond to ongoing climate change and are of particular importance for</span><span> their </span><span>conservation planning</span><span>.</span></p>
Data from: Tree species with conservative foliar nutrient status and strong phosphorus homeostasis are regionally abundant in subtropical forests
<p><span>Foliar </span><span>nitrogen (N) or phosphorus <em>(P)</em> </span><span>status and their </span><span>stoichiometric homeostasis </span><span>are integral parts of the plant nutrient economy </span><span>that determines the success of plant species</span><span> in environments where N or P limits plant growth. </span><span>Despite growing evidence </span><span>for higher predictability of </span><span>stoichiometric </span><span>homeostasis </span><span>of N</span><span> (</span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>N</span></sub><span>) than that of P (</span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>P</span></sub><span>) on plant species abundance</span><span> in temperate grasslands</span><span>, no previous studies e</span><span>xplicitly examined how foliar N and P status modulate the relationships between </span><span>stoichiometric </span><span>homeostasis and</span><span> species distribution (regional species abundance)</span><span> of woody plants, especially in P-limited (sub)-tropical ecosystems. W</span><span>e hypothesized that species with a conservative foliar nutrient status but a higher </span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>P</span></sub><span> (but not</span><span> <em>H</em><sub>N</sub></span><span>) would be regional abundant in </span><span>P-limited</span><span> forest.</span></p> <p><span>We measured foliar N (LNC) and P (LPC) contents of 54 woody species, community composition and soil N and P </span><span>contents across</span><span> 94 forest plots in Chinese subtropical forests. Then we evaluated the species' levels of N and P </span><span>stoichiometric homeostasis</span><span> and their regional abundance to test our hypotheses.</span></p> <p><span><em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>N</span></sub><span> and <em>H</em><sub>P</sub> significantly increased with decreasing LNC and LPC. Foliar nutrient status positively correlated </span><span>with the minimum values of both soil N and P contents, but only negatively associated with the maximum value </span><span>of soil P content, </span><span>indicating that conservative species can occupy a wider range of soil P- than N-based nutrient niche.</span><span> Meanwhile, species abundance negatively correlated with LNC and LPC, and positively correlated with <em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>N</span></sub><span> and <em>H</em><sub>P</sub></span>. However, the structure equation model analysis showed that species abundance increased with decline of LNC but not yet with increased HN. In contrast, species abundance enhanced with increased <span><em>H</em><sub>P</sub> </span>and decreased LPC via <em><span>H</span></em><sub><span>N</span></sub>, rather than directly with a decline of LPC.</span></span></p> <p><span><strong>Synthesis</strong>.</span><span> This study provides empirical evidence that species with conservative foliar nutrient status are more stable in terms of N and P stoichiometric homeostasis, and foliar N and P economy modulate species abundance distribution in different ways. Our results suggest that maintaining strong stoichiometric homeostasis of leaf P, while maintaining conservative economy of N, is a key physiochemical mechanism for shaping species abundance distribution in P-limited forests.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.