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FIGURE 1 in Biodiversity, conservation, and hotspot atlas of Costa Rica: a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

FIGURE 1. Map of Costa Rica showing major geographical landmarks and cities, roads, types of vegetation, and protected areas (national parks, national wildlife refuges, and biological reserves; numbered 1–48) (taken from Kohlmann et al. 2002).

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FIGURE 13 in Biodiversity, conservation, and hotspot atlas of Costa Rica: a dung beetle perspective (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

FIGURE 13. Map showing conservation priority zones in Costa Rica based on the analysis of the Scarabaeinae and their overlap with the established protected areas (see text of GIS Analysis in Materials and Methods for priority zone explanations). Divortium aquarum = watershed divide.

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Fig. 1 in Species Richness Of Dung-Feeding Beetles (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae, Scarabaeidae, Hybosoridae) In Tropical Rainforest At Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia

Fig. 1. Species accumulation graph for dungfeeding beetles collected by ground baited pitfall trap.

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Fig. 1 in Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Attracted to Rotten Eggs in the Atlantic Forest in Subtropical Southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Location of Atlantic Forest where dung beetles were sampled using pitfall traps baited with rotten eggs in southern Brazil. Inset: location of southern Brazil in South America. Abbreviations represent the southern Brazilian states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The black circle is the Santa Maria site, and the black square is the Nova Veneza site.

Fig. 7 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 7. Spatial configuration of traps in the mark–release–recapture experiments in December 2005–January 2006. The length of the trapping transect is 150 m. The daily schedule had three parts: 1) the 42 pitfall traps (black dots) were checked, recaptures recorded, new beetles marked, and placed in the boxes in the lab with or without food, 2) the 12 release boxes in the experimental area (white and black squares) were checked for beetles released in previous days, and 3) the individuals trapped in the previous day and kept overnight in the lab with (white boxes) or without (black boxes) food were released in the experimental area. Dashed lines represent the observed movements between the release boxes and the transect for individuals caught and released during the first four trapping days. Numbers are days spent by a male (m) or a female (f) moving.

Fig. 6 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 6. Frequency distributions of the number of days between marking and last recapture within the same trapping square (a) and between the last capture within one trapping square and the first recapture in another square (b) in the experiment conducted in 2004.

Fig. 8 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 8. Frequency distribution of mating duration in the pooled data. Note the logarithmic scale in the horizontal axis. For statistics, see Table 4.

Fig. 5 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 5. Spatial configuration of traps in the mark–release–recapture experiments in December 2004 and the model-predicted data. The distance between neighboring trapping squares with four traps is 100 to 150 m, while the size of the entire trapping area was 450 by 450 m. The arrows represent the observed individual movements between trapping squares.

Fig. 4 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 4. Diel activity of Nanos viettei in the field based on trapping (grey) and in terraria (black). Frequency gives individuals/trap/hour for field based trapping and the proportion of active individuals each hour in the terraria.

Fig. 1 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 1. (a) Recorded localities for Nanos, and (b) geographical ranges of the species in the Nanos viettei group: N. viettei (black circle; numbers refer to localities that are mentioned in the text), N. dubitatus (white triangle), N. clypeatus (white square), N. nitens (black triangle), N. pseudonitens (black square), and N. ankaranae (white circle).

Fig. 2 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 2. Seasonal changes in abundance (a), frequency of immature and mature individuals (b), the occurrence of females with eggs (enlarged first oocyte (c), and the minimum, average and maximum egg sizes (d).

Fig. 3 in Life History of Nanos viettei(Paulian, 1976) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Canthonini), a Representative of an Endemic Clade of Dung Beetles in Madagascar

Fig. 3. Frequency distribution of the largest oocyte in mature females during the breeding season. The February data include data only for the first two weeks of the month. The panels give pooled data for several years (years indicated in the panels). Pooled sample size is also indicated.

F in Behavioural and morphological adaptations for a low-quality resource in semi-arid environments: dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) associated with the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

F 6–9. Epipharynx of (6) Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) latigena d'Orbigny (150×) and (7) O. (Parentius) emarginatus Mulsant (170×), rabbit-pellet consumers, and (8) O. (Palaeonthophagus) fracticornis (Preyssler) (120×) and (9) O. (Onthophagus) taurus (Schreber) (130×), fresh-dung consumers. acr, acroparia; zg, zygum.

F in Behavioural and morphological adaptations for a low-quality resource in semi-arid environments: dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) associated with the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

F 10–13. Epipharynx of (10) Aphodius (Ammoecius) elevatus (Olivier) (140×) and (11) A. (Anomius) baeticus Mulsant and Rey (160×), rabbit-pellet consumers, and (12) A. (Otophorus) haemorrhoidalis (L.) (400×) and (13) A. (Eudolus) quadriguttatus (Herbst) (350×), fresh-dung consumers. co, corypha; epz, epizygum.

F in Behavioural and morphological adaptations for a low-quality resource in semi-arid environments: dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) associated with the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

F 2–5. Hypopharynx and mandibles of (2, 3) Thorectes intermedius (Costa) (170×), a rabbit-pellet consumer and (4, 5) Geotrupes stercorarius (L.) (80×), a fresh-dung consumer. m, molar area; pgl, paraglossa; r, retinaculum; sa, scissorial area.

F in Behavioural and morphological adaptations for a low-quality resource in semi-arid environments: dung beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) associated with the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)

F. 1. Scheme of breeding patterns of the dung beetle community associated with the European rabbit. Drawings after Brussaard (1983), Klemperer and Lumaret (1985) and our results.

Figs. 11–15. Megasoma sleeperi, male. 11 in New Field Record for the Rare Dung Beetle, Phanaeus melampus Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Figs. 11–15. Megasoma sleeperi, male. 11) rt. elytra; 12) dorsal view protibia; 13) lateral view mesotibia; 14) lateral view metatibia; 15) dorsal view of parameres.

Figs. 5–8. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 5 in New Field Record for the Rare Dung Beetle, Phanaeus melampus Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Figs. 5–8. Megasoma sleeperi, third instar. 5) labium; 6) protarsis; 7) head capsule; 8) ventral view abdomen.

Figs. 9–10. Megasoma sleeperi, male. 9 in New Field Record for the Rare Dung Beetle, Phanaeus melampus Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Figs. 9–10. Megasoma sleeperi, male. 9) dorsal view head and pronotum; 10) lateral view head and pronotum.

Fig. 1 in New Field Record for the Rare Dung Beetle, Phanaeus melampus Harold (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Fig. 1. Distribution of Phanaeus melampus Harold in Chiapas, Mexico. Pound marks are previous records; new records are indicated by marks within the circle to the east.