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opennotspecifiedDec 2023View details →

FIGURE 10. Longiantennum fashengi, hand drawings. A in First record of fossil psocodeans in copula from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

FIGURE 10. Longiantennum fashengi, hand drawings. A, antennae (female). B, forewing (male). C, Hind wing (female). D, Genitalia. Scale bars = 0.2 mm for A–C, 0.1 mm for D.

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Data from: The fossil record and phylogeny of the auklets (Pan-Alcidae, Aethiini)

The auklets Aethia and Ptychoramphus comprise the smallest known Alcidae (Aves, Charadriiformes) and have a fossil record that extends into the Miocene. The evolution of auklets is poorly understood because systematic hypotheses of relationships among extant auklets are largely incongruent, the morphology of auklet fossils has not been evaluated in detail, and extinct species of auklets have not been previously included in a phylogenetic analysis. Previously described auklet fossil remains are reviewed and two new species of auklet, Aethia barnesi and Aethia storeri, are described from the Miocene and Pliocene of southern California, USA. Previously described auklet fossil remains, the two newly described extinct species of auklet, and extant species of auklets and other alcids are included in combined phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular sequence data. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analyses, the taxonomy of fossils referred to Aethiini is revised and the evolution of the clade is evaluated in a phylogenetic context. The osteological morphology of extinct auklets appears to be little-changed from their extant relatives, suggesting that the ecological attributes of these small wing-propelled divers may also be relatively unchanged since the Miocene.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Distribution. Endemic to Japan, widely distributed on Honshu and Kyushu. No recent records of extant distribution but fossil records found on Shikoku. in Soricidae

Distribution. Endemic to Japan, widely distributed on Honshu and Kyushu. No recent records of extant distribution but fossil records found on Shikoku.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Distribution. Known from two localities in the Central Range of W New Guinea, between Mt Jaya and Mt Trikora. An extensive fossil record from the Holocene. in Muridae

Distribution. Known from two localities in the Central Range of W New Guinea, between Mt Jaya and Mt Trikora. An extensive fossil record from the Holocene.

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No-analogue associations in the fossil record of southern conifers reveal conservatism in precipitation, but not temperature axes

Aim: Southern conifers have evolved under different evolutionary pressures to northern lineages, but in both regions these plants have undergone extensive extinction and range alteration over the Cenozoic (the last 66 million years). It is not possible to directly observe the ecology of fossils, but indirect evidence of changes in bioclimatic envelopes can be derived from no-analogue assemblages – groups of co-occurring fossils that have climatically incongruous living relatives. We identify and examine the specific pairs of no-analogue fossils within assemblages to disentangle the effects of climatic factors on past conifer extinctions, and suggest which of these factors are likely to threaten southern conifer biodiversity in the future. Location: Southern Hemisphere Time period: Cenozoic Major taxa studied: Conifers Methods: We use a recently developed method, 'hyperoverlap', to identify no-analogue pairs of southern conifers. We characterise each pair in terms of temperature and precipitation, and evaluate temporal patterns in no-analogue pairs. These analyses represent a novel approach to studying both no-analogue fossils, and past changes in bioclimatic envelopes. Results: We identified 240 no-analogue pairs in the Cenozoic record of southern conifers. Most (75.4%) observations of no-analogue pairs are likely to result from a change in the thermal (rather than hydrological) distribution between the fossil taxa and their extant counterparts, regardless of region or assemblage age. Thus, the fossil record shows some thermal lability, but strong hydrological stability in the tolerances of these plants. This implies that most southern conifers have inhabited wet climates through the Cenozoic, which is consistent with physiological evidence suggesting strong conservatism in drought tolerance. Main conclusions: Southern conifers have successfully adapted to a wide range of temperatures, but future changes in rainfall are likely to pose the greatest threat to these plants, either directly or indirectly (e.g., through increased incidence of fire in mesic areas).

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

opennotspecifiedMay 2024View details →

FIGURE 1 in First reliable fossil record of the subfamily Rhysipolinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a new subgenus and species of the genus Rhysipolis Foerster, 1863 from Baltic amber

FIGURE 1. Rhysipolis (Granulopolis) simutniki subgen. et sp. nov. (holotype, female, Baltic amber, # 9/24.1). (A) Habitus, lateral view. (B) Head and anterior half of mesosoma, ventro-lateral view. (C) Basal antennomeres of antenna, front view. (D) Apical flagellomeres of antenna (E) Head and mesosoma, ventro-lateral view. (F) Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. (G) Head, front view. (H) Hind leg, lateral view. (I) Ovipositor and sheaths, lateral view.

opennotspecifiedMay 2024View details →

FIGURE 2 in First reliable fossil record of the subfamily Rhysipolinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): a new subgenus and species of the genus Rhysipolis Foerster, 1863 from Baltic amber

FIGURE 2. Rhysipolis (Granulopolis) simutniki subgen. et sp. nov. (holotype, female, Baltic amber, # 9/24.1). (A) Habitus, dorsal view. (B) Wings. (C) Metasoma and ovipositor, lateral view.

FIGURE 4 in First record and a new species of the fossil dragonfly genus Proinogomphus (Odonata: Liassogomphidae) from the Early Jurassic of Bascharage in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

FIGURE 4. Drawing of Proinogomphus kreuzerorum sp. nov., holotype SMNS 67854, female hind wing. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in First record and a new species of the fossil dragonfly genus Proinogomphus (Odonata: Liassogomphidae) from the Early Jurassic of Bascharage in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

FIGURE 3. Photograph of counter plate of the holotype of Proinogomphus kreuzerorum sp. nov., in private collection Kreuzer. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in First record and a new species of the fossil dragonfly genus Proinogomphus (Odonata: Liassogomphidae) from the Early Jurassic of Bascharage in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

FIGURE 1. Photograph of the calcareous lens with the holotype SMNS 67854 of Proinogomphus kreuzerorum sp. nov. Scale bar = 20 mm.

FIGURE 19 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 19. Unconstraint Bayesian analysis of Chaeropus using the morphological data, with posterior probabilities.

FIGURE 14 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 14. Bivariate plots of tooth length versus tooth width, for the upper a)–g) and lower h)–o) premolars and molars for modern and fossil Chaeropus ecaudatus ecaudatus (squares), C. e. occidentalis (diamonds) and C. yirratji sp. nov. (crosses).

FIGURE 11 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 11. Skulls and dentaries of Chaeropus yirratji sp. nov. skulls. a)–e), NMV C468, holotype, adult male; f)–j), SAMA M1618, paratype, adult male. a), f), d), i), dorsal/occlusal view; c), h), e), j), lateral/buccal view; b), g), ventral view. Scale = 2 cm.

FIGURE 10 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 10. Pouch young of Chaeropus yirratji sp. nov. a), SAMA M3997, three pouch young, two still attached to the teats; b)–d), NMV C5859, female pouch young. a), c), lateral view; b), dorsal view; d), ventral view. Scale = 2cm.

FIGURE 8 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 8. Skins of Chaeropus yirratji sp. nov. a)–b), NMV C468, holotype, adult male; c)–d), SAMA M1618, paratype, adult male; e), SAMA M2425, paratype, adult female; f), MNHN ZM MO-1853-824, paratype, adult, sex unknown. a), c), e), f), lateral view; b), d), dorsal view. Scale = 7 cm.

FIGURE 6 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 6. Skulls and dentary of Chaeropus ecaudatus occidentalis. a)–f), NHMUK ZD 1844.7.9.22, holotype, adult female; g)–i), QM JM 770, adult subfossil; j), WAM 71.3.141, adult subfossil; k), WAM 71.5.1, adult subfossil. a), g), f), dorsal/ occlusal view; b), h), e), lateral/buccal view; c), i), j), k), ventral view; d), lingual view. Scale = 2 cm.

FIGURE 18 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 18. Constraint Maximum Parsimony analysis of Chaeropus using the morphological data, with bootstrap values.

FIGURE 5 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 5. Skin of Chaeropus ecaudatus occidentalis. a)–c), NHMUK ZD 1844.7.9.22, holotype, adult female. a), dorsal view; b), lateral view; c), ventral view. Scale = 7 cm.

FIGURE 4 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 4. Upper and lower dentition of Chaeropus ecaudatus ecaudatus. a), c), AM PA422, holotype, juvenile female; b), c), NMV C2900, adult, sex unknown. a)–b), upper dentition in occlusal view; c)–d), lower dentition in occlusal view. Scale = 2mm. Abbreviations: co, cristid obliqua; end, entoconid; hyd, hypoconid; hyld, hypoconulid; mcl, metaconule; me, metacone; mecd, metacristid; med, metaconid; met, metastyle; mf, maxillary fenestra; pacd, paracristid; pad, paraconid; pc, paracone; phd, posthypocristid; pr, protocone; prd, protoconid; StA–D; stylar cusp A–D.

FIGURE 12 in Hidden in plain sight: reassessment of the pig-footed bandicoot, Chaeropus ecaudatus (Peramelemorphia, Chaeropodidae), with a description of a new species from central australia, and use of the fossil record to trace its past distribution

FIGURE 12. Upper and lower dentition of Chaeropus yirratji sp. nov. a), c), SAMA M1618, paratype, adult male; b), d), SAMA M3971, juvenile female. a)–b), upper dentition in occlusal view; c)–d), lower dentition in occlusal view. Scale = 2mm.