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Fig. 2 in Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA

Fig. 2. Stratigraphy of the Chandler Bridge Formation showing facies designations of Katuna et al. (1997) and their correlative units (Beds 1–3) as discussed by Sanders and Weems (1986). Marine/marginal marine facies constitute a coarsening upward sequence from poorly sorted, sandy to silty clay to moderately sorted silty, very fine sand, whereas the bay/estuarine facies is poorly sorted silty to clayey fine quartz sand with occasional phosphate pebbles, and fluvial/estuarine facies consists of poorly sorted, clayey, fine sand with abundant phosphate pebbles.

Fig. 5. Carcharhiniform sharks from Summerville, upper Chattian. A–D in Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA

Fig. 5. Carcharhiniform sharks from Summerville, upper Chattian. A–D. Carharhinus gibbesi (Woodward, 1889). A. BCGM 9059, juvenile upper anterior tooth, labial view. B. BCGM 9060, adult upper anterior tooth, labial view. C. BCGM 9061, juvenile upper lateral tooth, labial view. D. BCGM 9058, adult lower anterior tooth, labial view. E, F. Physogaleus aduncus (Agassiz, 1835). E. BCGM 9064, upper lateral tooth, labial view. F. BCGM 9066, lower anterior tooth, labial view. G. Physogaleus sp., BCGM 9068, antero−lateral tooth, labial view. H. Rhizoprionodon sp., BCGM 9070, labial view. I, J. Hemipristis serra (Agassiz, 1835). I. BCGM 9073, adult upper lateral tooth, labial view. J. BCGM 9072, juvenile upper lateral tooth, labial view. K. Sphyrna cf. S. media Springer, 1940, BCGM 9077, lateral tooth, labial view. L. Sphyrna zygaena (Linneaus, 1758), BCGM 9079, lateral tooth, lingual view. M. Bythaelurus sp., BCGM 9074, labial view. N–P. Galeorhinus sp. N. BCGM 9081, parasymphyseal tooth, labial view. O. BCGM 9082, antero−lateral tooth, labial view. P. BCGM 9083, lateral tooth, labial view.

Fig. 6. Batoids from Summerville, upper Chattian. A in Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA

Fig. 6. Batoids from Summerville, upper Chattian. A. Rhynchobatus pristinus (Probst, 1877), BCGM 9085, occlusal view. B, C. Myliobatinae gen. indet. B. BCGM 9117, lateral tooth, occlusal view. C. BCGM 9116, partial medial tooth, occlusal (C1) and lingual (C2) view. D. Paramobula fragilis (Cappetta, 1970), BCGM 9113, anterolateral tooth, occlusal (D1), labial (D2), and lateral (D3) view. E, F. Plinthicus stenodon Cope, 1869. E. BCGM 9120, partial anterior tooth, lateral (E1) and lingual (E2) view. F. BCGM 9121, lateral tooth, lateral (F1) and labial (F2) view. G. Rhinoptera cf. R. studeri (Agassiz, 1843), BCGM 9123, occlusal (G1) and lingual (G2) view. H. Gymnura sp., BCGM 9107, lateral (H1) and labial (H2) view.

Fig. 4. Lamniform sharks from Summerville, upper Chattian. A, B in Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA

Fig. 4. Lamniform sharks from Summerville, upper Chattian. A, B. Alopias cf. A. vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788). A. BCGM 9047, anterior tooth, labial view. B. BCGM 9048, lateral tooth, labial view. C. Carcharias sp., BCGM 9054, labial view. D. Carcharias cuspidatus (Agassiz, 1843), BCGM 9052, lower lateral tooth, labial view. E. Carcharocles sp., BCGM 9055, labial view.

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Fig. 2 in X-ray Microtomography (XMT) of Fossil Brachiopod Shell Interiors for Taxonomy

Fig. 2. Transverse serial sections of Terebratula terebratula (Linnaeus, 1758), through specimen ZPAL Bp.XLIV/9; Pliocene, Velerín, Spain. Numbers indicate distance in mm from the tip of the ventral umbo.

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Fig. 1 in X-ray Microtomography (XMT) of Fossil Brachiopod Shell Interiors for Taxonomy

Fig. 1. Terebratulide brachiopod Terebratula terebratula (Linnaeus, 1758), Pliocene, Velerín, Spain; complete specimen, ZPAL Bp.XLIV/9. A. Dorsal view. B. Reconstruction of 3−D internal structure with virtually cut out part of the ventral valve.

Fig. 3 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on partial sequences of the large subunit 28S rRNA gene. Nodal support is shown as posterior probability and bootstrap. GenBank accession number precedes species name. Branch length scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. (//) Branch length reduced to one time the scale bar; (///) branch length reduced to two times the scale bar. Squares represent Posterior Probability values while circles represent Bootstrap values.

Fig. 4 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood phylogram based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. Nodal support is shown as posterior probability and bootstrap. GenBank accession number precedes species name. Branch length scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site. (//) Branch length reduced to one time the scale bar. Squares represent Posterior Probability values while circles represent Bootstrap values.

Fig. 2 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of an immature specimen of Eniochobothrium acostae n. sp. from the South-western Indian Ocean off Scottburgh and Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. A, entire strobila; B, scolex; C, genital pore; D, trough formed by non-reproductive proglottids of the anterior strobila.

Fig. 1 in Adding one more to the list: A new species of Eniochobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) from the Oman cownose ray in South Africa

Fig. 1. Line drawings of Eniochobothrium acostae n. sp. from the South-western Indian Ocean off Scottburgh and Richards Bay, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. A, outline of entire cestode; B, mature proglottid; C, early gravid proglottid; D, trough formed by non-reproductive proglottids of the anterior strobila; E, scolex; F, terminal genitalia; G, cocoon with eggs. Abbreviations: c (cirrus); cs (cirrus sac); ex (excretory canal); gp (genital pore); isv (internal seminal vesicle); ot (ootype); ov (ovary); t (testes); u (uterus); vd (vas deferens); vf (vitelline follicle).

FIGURE 2 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 2. Reconstructed tomographic images of the specimen (1) and its internal structure in median section (2). The lower and upper jaws are enlarged in (3) and (4), respectively.

FIGURE 5 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 5. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the upper and lower jaws preserved in the body chamber of the specimen. The reconstructed parts are inside the specimen (1). The jaws are preserved close to each other (2).

FIGURE 1 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 1. Left lateral (1), dorsal (2) and ventral (3) views of Phyllopachyceras ezoensis with preserved upper and lower jaws in situ within the body chamber. UMUT MM 27831 (modified from Tanabe et al., 2013).

FIGURE 7 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 7. Result of segmentation of the upper jaw of the specimen, from frontal (1), rear (2), left-lateral (3) views and the transverse section of the area (4) indicated as a square in (3). The three-dimensional reconstruction (5) shows areal distributions of the "chitinous" lamellae and the calcareous covering. The reconstruction of the transverse section (6), which corresponds to (4), shows the architecture of the outer lamella. The abbreviations are indicated in (5).

FIGURE 6 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 6. Result of segmentation of the lower jaw of the specimen, from lateral view which is restricted to its anterior and posterior portion (1). Three-dimensional reconstruction (2) suggests a wide distribution of calcareous material. The outer calcareous layer on the outer "chitinous" layer is partly taken off in (2). The transverse section of the area indicated as a square in (1) shows that the calcareous covering of the lower jaw also covers the internal surface of the "chitinous" lamella (3). The abbreviation is indicated in (2).

FIGURE 4 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 4. Linear absorption coefficient (LAC) of the internal portions of the specimen estimated by their mean luminance values in the tomographic images. The numbers (1)-(10) correspond to the materials in Table 1. The dashed lines indicate the known values for the materials (Chantler et al., 2005) that could be expected to be observed in the specimen. Note that glycine is the most dominant amino acid in jaws of Octopus vulgaris (Hunt and Nixon, 1981). The relationship between LAC values and luminance values is based on the assumption that the LAC values for the surrounding air are zero and that the crystals precipitated in the phragmocone are calcite.

FIGURE 3 in Non-destructive analysis of in situ ammonoid jaws by synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography

FIGURE 3. Serial cross-sections of the body chamber portion of the specimen cut from the venter (1) to the dorsum (4), in which sectioned images of the upper jaw are shown. Note that the vertical stripes are due to the separated scanning.

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FIGURE 2 in Late Jurassic jaw bones of Halecomorph fish (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi) studied with X-ray microcomputed tomography

FIGURE 2. Panoramic view of the highest level of exploitation in Owadów-Brzezinki quarry (i.e., unit III and most fossiliferous 'Corbulomima horizon' occurring in the middle of the quarry wall).

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FIGURE 4 in Late Jurassic jaw bones of Halecomorph fish (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi) studied with X-ray microcomputed tomography

FIGURE 4. Maxillary bone of osteichthyan fish Caturus sp. (ZPAL P.16/O-B/2): 1-2. reconstruction of 3-D 'virtual fossils'— the same specimen after digital processing and analysis of tomographic data (scale bars equal 10 mm). 3. vertical sections of Caturus sp. teeth. 4. just after discovery.