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Fig. 17 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region

Fig. 17. Lineage-Through-Time (LTT) plot of Neotropical Gracillariidae. LTT was plotted using 1000 trees from the COI dataset analyses. The number of lineages (y axis) is plotted against time (x axis) in such way that each increase on the number of lineages represents a cladogenesis (a node) in one of the 1000 phylogenetic trees. 2. Dashed red and blue lines represent 95%-confidence intervals for time of starting diversification and LLT plot, respectively.

Fig. 16 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region

Fig. 16. Predictive future cumulative species description curve for the Gracillariidae in the Neotropical region, based on the Logistic model.

Fig. 14 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region

Fig. 14. Variation in number of articles regarding original descriptions on Neotropical gracillariids that were based on adults but that included also data either on gross morphology of immature stages or DNA sequences.

Fig. 13 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region

Fig. 13. Variation in number of type specimens available among museum collections for Neotropical gracillarids. Numbers above bars represent percentages in relation to total number of species (n = 175). See Tab S3 for description of museum acronyms.

Fig. 12 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region

Fig. 12. Relative representation of type specimens for gracillariid species in the Neotropical region. Numbers above bars represent percentages in relation to total number of extant species (n = 175).

Fig. 9 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region

Fig. 9. Diversity of extant gracillariid species (Arabic numbers) in the Neotropics, according to biogeographical regionalization proposed by Morrone (2014). Asterisks indicate areas not contemplated in his restricted definition of the Neotropical region (see text for further description).

Figs. 1–8 in Extant diversity and estimated number of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) species yet to be discovered in the Neotropical region

Figs. 1–8. Leaf mines (left) and adults (right) from putative species of Neotropical gracillariids: (1, 2) Spinivalva gaucha Moreira & Vargas (Gracillariinae) on Passiflora actinia Hook (Passifloraceae); (3, 4) Porphyrosela minuta Clarke (Lithocolletinae) on Trifolium repens Linnaeus (Fabaceae); (5, 6) Angelabella tecomae Vargas & Parra (Oecophyllembiinae) on Tecoma fulva (Cav.) G. Don (Bignoniaceae); (7, 8) Phyllocnistis sp. (Phyllocnistinae) on Baccharis anomala DC. (Asteraceae). Scale bars = 10, 1, 10, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1 mm, respectively.

Figure 4 in Soil Gamasina from savanna and ReviTec site of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): abundance and species diversity

Figure 4. Gamasina from Ngaoundéré savanna and ReviTec site (idiosoma length IL in μ): (A) Rhodacaridae (AFROVL IL= 340), (B) Rhodacaridae (AFRNYI IL=320), (C) Hypoaspididae (HYOOP IL=490), (D) Hypoaspididae (HYGEOA IL= 570), (E) Hypoaspididae (HYGEOA, male IL= 430), (F) Ascidae (ASSP1, IL= 380), (G) Ascidae (ASSP8, IL= 270), (H) Gamasiphinae (GAMSP1, IL=350).

Figure 2 in Soil Gamasina from savanna and ReviTec site of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): abundance and species diversity

Figure 2. Sampling design of ReviTec site with the selected 3 x (2x2)-bag-islands and one control, sampled in 2016 (n = 2). Upper left: The ReviTec site, including structures and all treatments and controls.

Figure 6 in Soil Gamasina from savanna and ReviTec site of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): abundance and species diversity

Figure 6. Mean abundances (ind. in tsd./m2, 0 –10 cm, n = 2) for the three eudominant Gamasina morphospecies (Afrodacarellus spec.1, Multidentorhodacarus cf. aegypticus -a, Afrogamasellus cf. nyinabitabaensis). sav = savanna, others as in Tab. 1.

Figure 5 in Soil Gamasina from savanna and ReviTec site of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): abundance and species diversity

Figure 5. Mean abundances (ind. in tsd./m2, 0 – 10 cm, n = 2) for the two most dominant Gamasina morphospecies (Rhodacarus cf. matatlanticae, Hypoaspis-Geolaelaps spec.1). sav = savanna, others as in Tab. 1.

Figure 1 in Soil Gamasina from savanna and ReviTec site of Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon): abundance and species diversity

Figure 1. Weather data for the Ngaoundéré region, Jan. to Dec. 2016, provided by Ngaoundéré airport meteorological station; 1105 m ASL; precipitation = 1691 mm; temperature mean/min/max = 22/19/25°C; min rel. hum mean/min/max = 45/16/64 %.

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Figure 4 in The amount of mulch increases the abundance, and its composition the species diversity of springtails in crop rotation on chernozem soils

Figure 4. Non-metric PCoA plots of the Collembola community The Jaccard similarity coefficient was taken as the distance between dots. (A) plant residues of peas, (B) plant residues of wheat.

Fig. 7 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners

Fig. 7. BI tree inferred from small subunit rRNA gene sequences. Numbers near the branches represent BI posterior probabilities and nonparametric maximum likelihood bootstrap values. All branches are drawn to scale. The scale bar corresponds to 5 substitutions per 100 nucleotide position. The subclass Peniculia is highlighted in gray. The species newly sequenced in this work is in bold. ZH – Zhuhai population of F. magna, QD – Qingdao population of F. magna.

Fig. 4 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners

Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm.

Fig. 2 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners

Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm.

Fig. 3 in Studies on Three Diverse Frontonia Species (Ciliophora, Peniculida), with Brief Notes on 14 Marine or Brackish Congeners

Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm.

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Fig. 5 in Disentangling Leucocytozoon parasite diversity in the neotropics: Descriptions of two new species and shortcomings of molecular diagnostics for leucocytozoids

Fig. 5. (A) A Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis of Leucocytozoon species constructed only with partial mitochondrial genomes (5485 bp excluding gaps) and (B) partial cytb gene sequences of leucocytozoids. Branch colors indicate the parasite morphology, with green branches representing parasites in fusiform host cells, and blue branches correspond to a species that develops in roundish host cells. Notice that, since parasite mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) corresponding to the partial cytb fragments of the MH909275 and MH909276 sequences could not be amplified, they were not included in the phylogenetic hypothesis constructed with mtDNA (Fig. 5A). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

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Fig. 2 in Disentangling Leucocytozoon parasite diversity in the neotropics: Descriptions of two new species and shortcomings of molecular diagnostics for leucocytozoids

Fig. 2. Leucocytozoon neotropicalis sp. nov. from the peripheral blood of its type vertebrate host Greenand-black Fruiteater (Pipreola riefferii) captured at Los Nevados NNP, Colombia. Macrogametocytes (A–E) and microgametocytes (F–I). Black arrows () indicate the deformed host cell nuclei. Parasite nuclei are indicated by white arrow () and nucleoli are shown by double white arrowtips (). Volutin granules are indicated by double black arrowtips () and vacuoles – by white arrowtips (). Uneven cytoplasmic processes may acquire a ribbon-like appearance (asterisk *). Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)