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FIGURE 4 in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE 4. Light micrographs (A) and scanning electron micrographs (B) of transversal sections of termite coprolites showing hexagonal to rounded shape.
FIGURE 1 in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE 1. Locality map showing termite coprolites from the Yilong open-cast coal mine (N45°32′49.1″, E119°35′12.6″) in Huolin Gol, eastern Inner Mongolia, northeastern China (left) and the stratigraphic column of the Huolinhe Basin and the horizon of the lower coal-bearing member in the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation where the fossil were collected (right, revised from Deng, 1995).
FIGURE. Scatter plots (N=200) and linear regression lines of the length and diameter of termite coprolites from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The grey shading represents the 95% confidence interval of linear relationship. Note scatter plots depicting a k-means clustering analysis reveals three groups, indicated by circles of different colours; stars of different colour mean the clusters centroids which are the average length and diameter. in Termite coprolites (Blattodea: Isoptera) from the Early Cretaceous of eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China
FIGURE. Scatter plots (N=200) and linear regression lines of the length and diameter of termite coprolites from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The grey shading represents the 95% confidence interval of linear relationship. Note scatter plots depicting a k-means clustering analysis reveals three groups, indicated by circles of different colours; stars of different colour mean the clusters centroids which are the average length and diameter.
Distribution. Only confirmed existing population in Termit and Tin Toumma regions of EC Niger; however, there is a recent confirmed sighting from C Mauritania and sporadic records from E Air Mountains in Niger, the Equey region in W Chad, S Algeria, Libya, and the Mali/ Mauritania border. in Bovidae
Distribution. Only confirmed existing population in Termit and Tin Toumma regions of EC Niger; however, there is a recent confirmed sighting from C Mauritania and sporadic records from E Air Mountains in Niger, the Equey region in W Chad, S Algeria, Libya, and the Mali/ Mauritania border.
Data from: Using ultraconserved elements to reconstruct the termite tree of life
<p><span>The phylogenetic history of termites has been investigated using mitochondrial genomes and transcriptomes. However, both sets of markers have specific limitations. Mitochondrial genomes represent a single genetic marker likely to yield phylogenetic trees presenting incongruences with species trees, and transcriptomes can only be obtained from well-preserved samples. In contrast, ultraconserved elements (UCEs) include a great many independent markers that can be retrieved from poorly preserved samples. Here, we designed termite-specific baits targeting </span><span>50,616 UCE loci. We tested our UCE bait set on 42 samples of termites and three samples of <em>Cryptocercus</em>, for which we generated low-coverage highly-fragmented genome assemblies and successfully extracted <em>in silico</em> between 3,426 to 42,860 non-duplicated UCEs per sample. Our maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, reconstructed using the 5,934 UCE loci retrieved from upward of 75% of samples, was congruent with transcriptome-based phylogenies, demonstrating that our UCE bait set is reliable and phylogenetically informative. Combined with non-destructive DNA extraction protocols, our UCE bait set provides the tool needed to carry out a global taxonomic revision of termites based on poorly preserved specimens such as old museum samples. The Termite UCE database is maintained at: </span><span><a href="https://github.com/oist/TER-UCE-DB/"><span>https://github.com/oist/TER-UCE-DB/</span></a></span><span>.</span></p>
Data from: Wound treatment and selective help in a termite-hunting ant.
Open wounds are a major health risk in animals, with species prone to injuries likely developing means to reduce these risks. We therefore analysed the behavioural response towards open wounds on the social and individual level in the termite group-hunting ant Megaponera analis. During termite raids some ants get injured by termite soldiers (biting off extremities), after the fight injured ants get carried back to the nest by nestmates. We observed treatment of the injury by nestmates inside the nest through intense allogrooming at the wound. Lack of treatment increased mortality from 10% to 80% within 24 hours, most likely due to infections. Wound clotting occurred extraordinarily fast in untreated injured individuals, within ten minutes. Furthermore, heavily injured ants (loss of five extremities) were not rescued or treated; this was regulated not by the helper but by the unresponsiveness of the injured ant. Interestingly, lightly injured ants behaved "more injured" near nestmates. We show organized social wound treatment in insects through a multifaceted help system focused on injured individuals. This was not only limited to selective rescuing of lightly injured individuals by carrying them back (thus reducing predation risk), but moreover included a differentiated treatment inside the nest.
FIGURES 17–18. Habits and habitats 17. log with Odontotermes termites, 18 in Discoxenus Wasmann new to China with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
FIGURES 17–18. Habits and habitats 17. log with Odontotermes termites, 18. Attack behavior of termites (Photo by Mr. Yu-Jie Cai from Guangdong, Shenzhen, Wutong Mt. at 21 Sep 2021).
FIGURES 25 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 25– 31. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., female. 25, paratergites and tergite VII; 26, sternite VII; 27, tergite X and sternite IX; 28, sternite IX (one side); 29, tergite X; 30, tergite VIII; 31, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.01 mm
FIGURES 32 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 32– 39. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov. schemes, 32, maxilla; 33, labrum; 34, tergite VIII (male); 35, tergite VIII (female); 36, tergite VII and paratergites VII; 37, sternite VII; 38, pronotum (male); 39, pronotum (female).
FIGURES 7 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 7– 24. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., female. 7, mandibles; 8, antenna; 9, labrum; 10, prementum; 11, maxilla; 12, pronotum; 13, prosternum; 14, meso- metasternum; 15, metendesternite; 16, meso- metanotum; 17, scutellum; 18, elytron; 19, proleg; 20, protarsus; 21, mesoleg; 22, mesotarsus; 23, metaleg; 24, metatarsus. Scale bars = 0.004 mm (9), 0.005 mm (7, 8, 10– 18, 20, 22, 24), 0.02 (19, 21, 23).
FIGURES 3 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 3– 4. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., habitus lateral. 3, male; 4, female. Both are about 4.5 mm in body length, with the abdomen distended.
FIGURES 5 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 5– 6. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., habitus ventral. 5, male; 6, female. Both are about 4.5 mm in body length, with the abdomen distended.
FIGURES 1 in Dilacera, a new astonishing Amazonian genus of termitophilous rove beetle (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) and updated checklist of the subtribe Termitonannina with their termite hosts
FIGURES 1– 2. Dilacera exokosmos Zilberman & Pires-Silva gen. et sp. nov., habitus dorsal. 1, male; 2, female. Both are about 4.5 mm in body length, with the abdomen distended.
Fig. 5. Termite SDM predictions for species located within Southern Australia for A in Utilization of Community Science Data to Explore Habitat Suitability of Basal Termite Genera
Fig. 5. Termite SDM predictions for species located within Southern Australia for A. Porotermes adamsoni (Stolotermitidae)(left) and B. Stolotermes victoriensis (right), and C. Mastotermes darwiniensis (Mastotermitidae). Final model predictions were generated using our thinned occurrence dataset and final set of uncorrelated environmental variables for each species, with 10 bootstrap replicates with 'cloglog' outputs in which raw values are converted to a range of 0 - 1 to approximate a probability of occurrence (Cobos et al. 2018). Brighter colors indicate areas of higher suitability (higher probability of occurrence), while darker colors indicate areas of lower suitability (lower probability of occurrence)..
Fig. 4. Termite SDM predictions for species located within Eastern United States and Canada for A in Utilization of Community Science Data to Explore Habitat Suitability of Basal Termite Genera
Fig. 4. Termite SDM predictions for species located within Eastern United States and Canada for A. Zootermopsis nevadensis (Stolotermitidae)(left) B. Zootermopsis angusticollis (right), and C. Zootermopsis laticeps (bottom). Final model predictions were generated using our thinned occurrence dataset and final set of uncorrelated environmental variables for each species, with 10 bootstrap replicates with 'cloglog' outputs in which raw values are converted to a range of 0 - 1 to approximate a probability of occurrence (Cobos et al. 2019). Brighter colors indicate areas of higher suitability (higher probability of occurrence), while darker colors indicate areas of lower suitability (lower probability of occurrence).
Fig. 3 in Utilization of Community Science Data to Explore Habitat Suitability of Basal Termite Genera
Fig. 3. Termite SDM predictions for species located within Argentina and Chile (top left), New Zealand (top right), and Tazmania (bottom) for A. Porotermes quadricollis (Stolotermitidae) and B. Stolotermes ruficeps, and C. Stolotermes brunneicornis. Final model predictions were generated using our thinned occurrence dataset and final set of uncorrelated environmental variables for each species, with 10 bootstrap replicates with 'cloglog' outputs in which raw values are converted to a range of 0–1 to approximate a probability of occurrence (Cobos et al. 2019). Brighter colors indicate areas of higher suitability (higher probability of occurrence), while darker colors indicate areas of lower suitability (lower probability of occurrence).
Fig. 2 in Utilization of Community Science Data to Explore Habitat Suitability of Basal Termite Genera
Fig. 2. Termite SDM predictions for species located within South Africa (top and bottom), and Argentina (right) for A. Porotermes planiceps (Stolotermitidae) B. Microhodotermes viator (Hodotermitidae), and C. Porotermes quadricollis. Final model predictions were generated using our thinned occurrence dataset and final set of uncorrelated environmental variables for each species, with 10 bootstrap replicates with 'cloglog' outputs in which raw values are converted to a range of 0–1 to approximate a probability of occurrence (Cobos et al. 2019). Brighter shades indicate areas of higher suitability (higher probability of occurrence), while darker shades indicate areas of lower suitability (lower probability of occurrence).
Fig. 1 in Utilization of Community Science Data to Explore Habitat Suitability of Basal Termite Genera
Fig. 1. Summary tree showing current state of termite phylogeny. Simplified schematic based on familial termite relationships recovered with high support in (Engel et al. 2009, Legendre et al. 2015). Stylotermitidae is placed in its current position based on (Bucek et al. 2019). Branches representing unresolved relationships (bootstrap values <75) are indicated by *. The cockroach family Cryptocercidae was used as an outgroup, and soldier illustrations correlate with families used in summary tree. A. Mastotermes (Froggatt 1897, Blattodea Mastotermitidae), B. Zootermopsis angusticollis (Hagen 1858, Blattodea, Archotermopsidae), C. Hodotermopsis sjostedi (Holmgren 1911, Blattodea, Archotermopsidae), D. Anacanothermoes ochraceus (Burmeister 1839, Blattodea, Hodotermitidae), E. Porotermes adamsoni (Froggat 1897, Blattodea, Stolotermitidae), F. Cryptotermes brevis (Walker 1853, Blattodea, Kalotermitidae), G. Stylotermes halumicus (Liang, et al. 2017, Blattodea, Stylotermitidae), H. Coptotermes formosanus (Shiraki 1909, Blattodea, Rhinotermitidae), I. Serritermes serrifer (Hagen and Bates, Blattodea, Serritermitidae), J. Neocapritermes taraqua (Krishna and Araujo 1968, Blattodea,Termitidae), K. Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky 1855, Blattodea,Termitidae)
Figure 12 in Incrementing and clarifying the diversity and early evolution of termites (Blattodea: Isoptera)
Figure 12. Specimen IGR.BU-055 belonging to the 'Meiatermes-grade'. Detailed photographs. A, left antenna; B, right protibia (arrows indicating tibial spurs); C, right mesotibia (arrows indicating tarsomeres); D, forewing scale. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 13 in Incrementing and clarifying the diversity and early evolution of termites (Blattodea: Isoptera)
Figure 13. Worker or pseudergate IGR.BU-056, from Hkamti amber. A, habitus in left view; B, habitus in right view; C, details of tibia (arrows indicating tarsomeres). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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