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FIG. 8 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 8. Shells of Cochlostoma obscurum. a, b: female (11.0 mm) and male (10.0 mm) from Massangis (Burgundy). c,d: Cochlostoma cf. obscurum, female (12.5 mm) and male (10.8 mm) from Baigts de BeÂarn (Pyrenean foothills). e,f,g: apical part showing embryonic whorls, specimen from Massangis (scale bars are 1 mm).

FIG. 27 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 27. Distribution of some allele frequencies in representative populations of Cochlostoma hidalgoi and C. asturicum (inserts).

FIG. 7 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 7. Male genital tract of Cochlostoma obscurum (same origin). ma: mantle, pe: penis, pr: prostate gland, re: rectum, sp: spermiduct, sg: sperm groove, te: testis, vd: vas deferens.

FIG. 34 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 34. Separation of habitat between Cochlostoma hidalgoi and C. bicostulatum at OrinÄon (Santander).

FIG. 40 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 40. UPGMA dendrogram of 48 populations of Cochlostoma using Nei's genetic distances calculated from allozyme data.

FIG. 39 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 39. Plot of genetic distances between intraspeci®c (open squares) and interspeci®c (black squares) pairs of populations.

FIG. 42. Neighbour-joining dendrogram for 48 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 42. Neighbour-joining dendrogram for 48 populations of Cochlostoma, using Roger's genetic distances calculated from allozyme data.

FIG. 3 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 3. Lateral view of a living Cochlostoma obscurum fully extended, specimen from Peyrehorade, Landes. fg: lateral foot groove, lo: opercular lobe, sn: snout, tc: tentacle.

FIG. 2 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 2. Shell of juvenile (a) and adult (b) Cochlostoma, to show some of the features considered in the descriptions. ap: apex, an: peripheral angle, bw: body whorl, pe: periumbilical area; su: suture, sw: spire whorls, a: angle of ribs to axis. Features of aperture: ca: columellar auriculation, cl: collar of outer lip, ir: inner rim of outer lip, pa: parietal auriculation.

FIG. 4 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 4. Partial view of radulae of Cochlostoma. a,b: C. martorelli from Campo, c: C. gigas from Ceresa. Scale bars are 100 Mm.

FIG. 1 in The systematics of Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea) revisited

FIG. 1. Genetic variability in Pyrenean and Cantabrian Cochlostoma. For each population sampled, the number of polymorphic loci (among the 16 examined) is given inside the circle, NÄ is the average number of alleles per locus in the population, H the observed heterozygosity. The grid on the map is of UTM squares.

Figure 16 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 16. Radula (A, B) and protoconchs (C–F) of Cremnoconchus species. A, B, C. dwarakii (two views of radula, flat and at 45°), Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (shell H = 6.4 mm). C, C. syhadrensis, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. D, C. canaliculatus, 10 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra. E, C. agumbensis, Agumbe, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. F, C. dwarakii, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka. Scale bars A, B = 50 Mm; C–F = 0.5 mm. White arrowhead marks junction of protoconch and teleoconch.

Figure 13 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 13. Radulae of Cremnoconchus species (two views of each radula, flat and at 45°). A, B, C. globulus, Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 7.4 mm). C, D, C. agumbensis, Agumbe, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 9.5 mm). E, F, C. cingulatus, Hulikal Ghat, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 5.7 mm). G, H, C. castanea, Arasinagundi Falls, Udupi Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 8.5 mm). Scale bars = 50 Mm.

Figure 12 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 12. Anatomy of Cremnoconchus hanumani (A–G) and C. globulus (H–L), all to same magnification. A–L, penes (all fixed in ethanol); F, G are intact and sectioned views of same penis. A–C, Hanuman Gundi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: A = 4.9 mm; B = 3.5 mm; C = 3.3 mm). D–G, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: D = 3.9 mm; E = 4.0 mm; F, G = 5.0 mm). H–K, Lesser Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: H = 7.0 mm; I = 6.0 mm; J = 7.0 mm; K = 6.3 mm). L, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 7.9 mm). Shading conventions as in Figure 6.

Figure 8 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 8. Distribution of Cremnoconchus species (solid circles). Two or more species names (e.g. syhadrensis + canaliculatus) indicate sympatric occurrence. See Supporting Table S1 for locality details. The shaded area is the Western Ghats region as defined by Irfan-Ullah & Davande (2008). Cities indicated by asterisks.

Figure 7 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 7. Radulae of Cremnoconchus species (two views of each radula, flat and at 45°). A, B, C. syhadrensis, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 7.0 mm). C, D, C. conicus, 6 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Satara Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 4.9 mm). E, F, C. canaliculatus, 10 km west of Mahabaleshwar, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 9.3 mm). G, H, C. hanumani, Greater Kadambi Falls, Chikmagalur Dist., Karnataka (ZSI/WGRS; shell H = 5.0 mm). Scale bars = 50 Mm.

Figure 3 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 3. Shells of Cremnoconchus syhadrensis. A, Cremnobates syhadrensis W.T. Blanford, 1863, neotype, no locality (BMNH 1906.1.1.2247). B, C, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra (two views of same specimen; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV- 2290). D, E, Anjani, Nashik Dist., Maharashtra (BMNH 1911.8.23.70–71). F, J–L, Torna Fort, Pune Dist., Maharashtra (USNM 317696). G–I, Khandala, Pune Dist., Maharashtra (G, H two views of same specimen; ZSI/WGRS/IR.INV-2293, 2292). M, Torna Fort, Pune Dist., Maharashtra (USNM 317695).

Figure 1 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 1. Measurements and terminology of shell and operculum (illustrated by Cremnoconchus syhadrensis). Abbreviations: B, breadth; DS, diameter of spiral part of operculum; H, height; H2, height of last two whorls; LA, length of aperture (in apertural plane); OL, opercular length (excluding flexible flange); p, periphery; U, width of pseudumbilicus; WA, width of aperture (in apertural plane). Shape indices: shell shape = H2/B; apertural shape = LA/WA; opercular ratio = OL/DS.

Figure 6 in A unique radiation of marine littorinid snails in the freshwater streams of the Western Ghats of India: the genus Cremnoconchus W.T. Blanford, 1869 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae)

Figure 6. Anatomy of Cremnoconchus syhadrensis. A, B, D–G, penes (A, E–F, fixed in ethanol; B, D, live). E–G are three views of single penis, external (E), with base sectioned (F), and with coiled penial vas deferens displaced to the right to show retractor muscle and with filament sectioned to show continuation of vas deferens to its tip (G). C, pallial oviduct and egg removed from straight section. A, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra (BMNH 20120035; shell H = 7.4 mm). B, C, E–G, Matheran, Raigad Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS; shell H: B = 7.2 mm; C = 7.2 mm; D = 5.8 mm; E–G = 7.5 mm). D, Khandala, Pune Dist., Maharashtra (ZSI/WGRS). Abbreviations and shading conventions: b, copulatory bursa (dashed outline, visible by transparency); c, cavity surrounding penial vas deferens and retractor muscle (black); d, distal to this point the penial vas deferens is tightly bound to the sheath of the retractor muscle; e.g. egg groove visible by transparency (thick line); f, penial filament; g, opaque glandular region of penial base (medium stipple); gc, firm gelatinous coating of mature egg; i, invagination of penial base (shaded); o, position of terminal opening of pallial oviduct into mantle cavity; oag, opaque part of albumen gland (dense stipple); ov, ovum; pvd, penial vas deferens; rm, retractor muscle of penial filament; ss, straight section of pallial oviduct; tag, translucent region of albumen gland (sparse stipple).