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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2008View details →

Fig. 1 in Nesting behaviour and notes on mimetic relationships of Hoplisoides vespoides (S ) from Brazil (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)

Fig. 1. Umbonia spinosa (Hemiptera: Membracidae) (lateral view). Specimen collected from a nest of Hoplisoides vespoides (DS = dorsal spine; UP = umeral process). - Fig. 2. Hoplitimyia mutabilis (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (dorsal view). Specimen collected on the nesting site of Hoplisoides vespoides.

FIG. 6 in Dietary behaviour and competition for vegetal resources in two Early Miocene pecoran ruminants from Central Spain

FIG. 6. — Histograms showing the percentage of high and low occlusal relief and of each type of cusp shape for the Spanish taxa with living species and with fossil populations of Andegameryx Ginsburg, 1971 and Procervulus Gaudry, 1877 from Europe. Dental mesowear data of living taxa taken from Fortelius & Solounias (2000). Data of German taxa and fossil Procervulus ginsburgi Azanza, 1993 taken from Kaiser & RÖssner (2007) and DeMiguel et al. (2008), respectively. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 5 in Dietary behaviour and competition for vegetal resources in two Early Miocene pecoran ruminants from Central Spain

FIG. 5. — Mesowear features of selected teeth of: A, B, AAGR; C, D, PAGR; E, F, PMOR; G, H, PAB1. Scale bar: 1 cm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 1 in Dietary behaviour and competition for vegetal resources in two Early Miocene pecoran ruminants from Central Spain

FIG. 1. — Location of the studied localities in the Iberian Chain (Central Spain). Ágreda and Moratilla are placed in the Calatayud basin, and Alto de Ballester 1 in the Rubielos de Mora basin.

FIG. 3 in Dietary behaviour and competition for vegetal resources in two Early Miocene pecoran ruminants from Central Spain

FIG. 3. — Histogram showing the density of scratches and pits for the Spanish taxa with living species and with Procervulus from other Spanish localities. Dental microwear data of living taxa and Procervulus taken from Solounias et al. (2000) and DeMiguel (2008, 2010), respectively. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 2 in Dietary behaviour and competition for vegetal resources in two Early Miocene pecoran ruminants from Central Spain

FIG. 2. — ESEM photomicrographs of share facets of the population of: A, AAGR; B, PAGR; C, PMOR; D, PAB1. Scale bars: 100 μm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 1. A in Shoaling behaviour in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae): comparing populations from contrasting predation regimes

Fig. 1. A, Experimental set-up to determine shoaling tendencies. During the first part of the experiment, no digital screen was present; B, during the second part, a predator was displayed on the screen.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Shoaling behaviour in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae): comparing populations from contrasting predation regimes

Fig. 3. Sampling sites in Singapore and on Pulau Tioman, Malaysia. A, Lorong Banir, Singapore; B, Jurong River, Singapore; C, Sungai Paya, Pulau Tioman, Malaysia; D, Sungai Paya Kecil, Pulau Tioman, Malaysia.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 2. Mean time individual D in Shoaling behaviour in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae): comparing populations from contrasting predation regimes

Fig. 2. Mean time individual D. collettei from Singapore and Pulau Tioman (Malaysia) spent in the shoaling and empty compartments; N=156 trials for each location (Total N=312 trials). Error bars show standard errors.

Fig. 6 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 6. Above: Retreat of the Pilcomayo River and dynamic creation of new flood plains due to self-blockage (silting up) of the river channel. This caused a retreat of hundreds of kilometers of the choke point in a few decades (indicated by the black arrow) and an upstream migration of the flood plains. Bullets indicate migrating Sábalo population in the Pilcomayo River (white) and Sábalo population in the La Plata basin (black). Below: Breakthrough of Pilcomayo River bank inundating new areas in the Chaco floodplain area.

Fig. 5 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 5. (a) Mean annual discharge and Sábalo catches over the years in the Pilcomayo River near Villa Montes. (b) Calculated and observed Sábalo catches based on the data presented in Fig. 4a. Correlations were obtained by stepwise multiple linear regression with backward selection (SPSS v. 15.0). The river discharge of the seven preceding years (Y1-Y7) plus the current year (Y0) were used in the analyses. The solid line is based upon the years 1980-2006. The dashed line is based upon the years 1997-2007. (c) Observed Sábalo catches plotted against the calculated Sábalo catches for the years 1980-1996 and 1997- 2006. Data of Sábalo catches and mean river discharges were obtained from Proyecto Pilcomayo (Tarija, Bolivia).

Fig. 4 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 4. (a) Mean annual discharge for the Pilcomayo River since 1960. The values were calculated for the hydrological year, which runs from October of the previous year until September of the current year. Data were obtained from Proyecto Pilcomayo (Tarija, Bolivia). (b) Mean monthly values of the Southern Oscillation Index (dots) and mean annual discharges of the Pilcomayo River (open circles), since 1976. Mean annual discharge values were calculated from data obtained from Proyecto Pilcomayo (Tarija, Bolivia). The values were calculated for the hydrological year, which runs from October of the previous year until September of the current year.

Fig. 3 in Population dynamics of the migratory fish Prochilodus lineatus in a neotropical river: the relationships with river discharge, flood pulse, El Niño and fluvial megafan behaviour

Fig. 3. Total dissolved solids concentration (TDS) in Pilcomayo River water (a) or water temperature (b) and gonadal maturation indices of Sábalo (Prochilodus lineatus) fish versus time (May 1998 until February 1999). The gonadal maturation indices are scaled from 1 to 6 in which 6 represents spawning.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Dataset for the paper "Understanding the emergence of drawing behaviour with age: a multi-metric analysis"

<p>Dataset for the paper "Understanding the emergence of drawing behaviour with age: a multi-metric analysis"</p> <p>We need specific and objective methods to analyse the temporal changes of drawing in children, especially those too young to communicate via verbalisations. We asked 134 children, ranging from three to ten years old, and 38 adults to draw on a tablet under two conditions: free drawing and self-portrait. We then used seven metrics from three categories (spatial, temporal, and colorimetric) in a principal component analysis (PCA). Three dimensions of the PCA explained 77% of the variance in the drawings. We named these dimensions as diversity, sequentiality, and efficiency, which provided a mechanism for better understanding the intentionality and representativeness behind drawing. Gender had no effect, but age influenced all three dimensions differently. This multi-metric approach is a powerful tool for investigating the ontogenetic development of drawing, and could be used to understand the evolution of this behaviour by applying it to the study of primates, or to reveal drawing characteristics in people with autism and depression or those from different cultures.</p>

Figure 8 in The morphology, ontogeny, and inferred behaviour of the deep-sea echinoid Calymne relicta (Holasteroida)

Figure 8. Ontogeny of Calymne relicta from MCZ 8571, R/V 'Atlantis' cruise 24, station 122. For each set of drawings, from left to right: apical view, oral view, and left side. The periproct and peristome are in black, and the interambulacral plates are shaded. In some specimens, the sutures are omitted because they were not discernible, and only primary tubercles are shown (some still with spines attached). All scale bars are 1 mm long. A, just-postlarval imago. B, very small

Figure 7 in The morphology, ontogeny, and inferred behaviour of the deep-sea echinoid Calymne relicta (Holasteroida)

Figure 7. Pedicellariae of Calymne relicta. A, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of interior view of type 1 rostrate valve. B, SEM of interior view of type 1 rostrate stem. C, SEM of interior view of type 2 rostrate valve. D, SEM of interior view of type 3 rostrate valve. E, drawing of two of the three valves of an ophicephalous pedicellaria showing position in life relative to the stem. F, SEM of interior view of triphyllous valve. G, drawing of sphaeridium. Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Figure 5 in The morphology, ontogeny, and inferred behaviour of the deep-sea echinoid Calymne relicta (Holasteroida)

Figure 5. Location of spine types on Calymne relicta plotted on specimen from R/V 'Akademik Kurchatov' cruise 37, station 3787. For each view of entire specimen, the orientation of the power stroke as suggested by tubercle asymmetry is indicated by the direction of the small lines leading away from the dot. The upper drawing of the entire specimen is an oblique view from the anterior-dorsal, anterior to the right. The lower drawing of the entire specimen is an oblique view from the posterior-ventral, anterior to the right. Shaded bands indicate the position of the fasciole. For each spine drawing (except for the clavule), the image on the left is a 'frontal' view, the one on the right is a 'side' view. Scale bar at lower right is for the spines, which are all drawn to scale.

Figure 4 in The morphology, ontogeny, and inferred behaviour of the deep-sea echinoid Calymne relicta (Holasteroida)

Figure 4. Plate architecture of Calymne relicta. For each, the fasciole is indicated by bands of small, open circles, the interambulacra are shaded, mouth and anal openings are black, some plate sutures are omitted because they were not visible on the specimen. The plates of the posterior interambulacrum are numbered according to Lovén's rule. Scale bars are 5 mm long. A, oral surface of adult specimen from R/V 'Akademik Kurchatov' cruise 37, station 3787, anterior towards top of page. B, posterior surface of specimen in (A). C, left side of specimen from MCZ 8571, R/V 'Atlantis' cruise 24, station 122, position of mouth indicated by dashed line. D, posterior surface of specimen in (C), viewed slightly more from the oral surface than view shown in (B).

Figure 6 in The morphology, ontogeny, and inferred behaviour of the deep-sea echinoid Calymne relicta (Holasteroida)

Figure 6. Drawings of spines of Calymne relicta, depicted as viewed with transmitted light microscopy. Scale bar at uppermost refers to (A)–(E), at lower left to (F) and (G), at lower right to (H). A, 'frontal' view of type L3. B, 'side' view of type L3. C, 'side' view of type L4. D, 'frontal' view of type S1. E, 'frontal' view of type S3. F, 'frontal' view of miliary. G, 'side' view of miliary. H, clavule from fasciole.

Figure 3 in The morphology, ontogeny, and inferred behaviour of the deep-sea echinoid Calymne relicta (Holasteroida)

Figure 3. Apical system plate architecture of Calymne relicta (MCZ 8571) from R/V 'Atlantis' cruise 24, station 122, anterior towards top of page, interambulacral plates shaded, apical plates labelled according to Lovén's system. A, adult specimen approximately 30 mm long. B, juvenile specimen (lacking gonopores) 11.3 mm in test length.